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Kings and Queens of England (1066-1603)

[edit]
Monarch Consort Date of accession Date of coronation Presiding cleric
William I [1] Nov-Dec 1066 Monday, 25 December 1066 Ealdred, Archbishop of York
[2] Matilda of Flanders Sunday, 11 May 1068
William II [3] 9 September 1087 Sunday, 26 September 1087 Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry I [4] 2 August 1100 Sunday, 5 August 1100 Maurice, Bishop of London
[2] Matilda of Scotland 11 November 1100
marriage		 Sunday, 11 November 1100 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Adeliza of Louvain 24 January 1121
marriage		 Sunday, 30 January 1121 Ralph d'Escures, Archbishop of Canterbury
Stephen [1] Thursday, 26 December 1135 William de Corbeil, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Matilda of Boulogne Sunday, 22 March 1136 ?
Henry II Eleanor of Aquitaine 25 October 1154 Sunday, 19 December 1154 Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry the Young King [1] Sunday, 14 June 1170 Roger de Pont L'Evêque, Archbishop of York
Margaret of France Sunday, 27 August 1172
at Winchester Cathedral		 Rotrou, Archbishop of Rouen
Richard I [4] 6 July 1189 Saturday, 2 September 1189 Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Berengaria of Navarre 12 May 1191
marriage		 Sunday, 12 May 1191
in Cyprus
John [4] 6 April 1199 Thursday, 27 May 1199 Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Isabella of Angoulême 24 August 1200
marriage		 Sunday, 8 October 1200
Henry III [4] 19 October 1216 Friday, 28 October 1216
at Gloucester Cathedral		 Cardinal Guala Bicchieri or
Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester
[4] Sunday, 17 May 1220 Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Eleanor of Provence 14 January 1236
marriage		 Sunday, 20 January 1236 Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury
Edward I Eleanor of Castile 16 November 1272 Sunday, 19 August 1274 Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury
Edward II Isabella of France 7 July 1307 Sunday, 25 February 1308 Henry Woodlock, Bishop of Winchester
Edward III [4] 20 January 1327 Sunday, 1 February 1327 Walter Reynolds, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Philippa of Hainault 24 January 1328
marriage		 Sunday, 18 February 1330 Simon Mepeham, Archbishop of Canterbury
Richard II [4] 21 June 1377 Thursday, 16 July 1377 Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Anne of Bohemia 20 January 1383
marriage		 Thursday, 22 January 1383 William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Isabella of Valois 1 November 1396
marriage		 Monday, 8 January 1397 Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry IV [4] 30 September 1399 Monday, 13 October 1399
[2] Joanna of Navarre 7 February 1403
marriage		 Monday, 26 February 1403
Henry V [4] 20 March 1413 Sunday, 9 April 1413
[2] Catherine of Valois 2 June 1420
marriage		 Sunday, 23 February 1421 Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry VI [4] 31 August 1422 Sunday, 6 November 1429
[4] 21 October 1422 Sunday, 16 December 1431
as King of France
at Notre Dame de Paris		 Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester
[2] Margaret of Anjou 23 April 1445
marriage		 Sunday, 30 May 1445 John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury
Edward IV [4] 4 March 1461 Sunday, 28 June 1461 Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Elizabeth Woodville 1 May 1464
marriage		 Sunday, 26 May 1465
Richard III Anne Neville 25 June 1483 Sunday, 6 July 1483
Henry VII [4] 22 August 1485 Sunday, 30 October 1485
[2] Elizabeth of York 18 January 1486 Sunday, 25 November 1487 John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon 21 April 1509 (King)
11 June 1509 (Queen)
marriage		 Sunday, 24 June 1509 William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury
[2] Anne Boleyn 28 May 1533
marriage		 Sunday, 1 June 1533 Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury
Edward VI [3] 28 January 1547 Sunday, 20 February 1547
Mary I [4] 19 July 1553 Sunday, 1 October 1553 Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester
Elizabeth I [3] 17 November 1558 Sunday, 15 January 1559 Owen Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle

House of Plantagenet

[edit]
Main article: House of Plantagenet

Stephen came to an agreement with Matilda in November 1153 with the signing of the Treaty of Wallingford, where Stephen recognised Henry, son of Matilda, as his heir to the throne in lieu of his own son.

Rather than ruling among the Normans, the Plantagenets ruled from Aquitaine — lands which were acquired through Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, but did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses: the Angevins, the House of Lancaster and the House of York.

The Plantagenets formulated England's royal coat of arms, which usually showed other kingdoms held or claimed by them or their successors, although without representation of Ireland for quite some time.

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Henry II
Henry Curtmantle
(Henri Court-manteau)
19 December
1154–1189[5]		 Henry II 5 March 1133
Le Mans
son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda[5]		 Eleanor of Aquitaine
Bordeaux Cathedral
18 May 1152
eight children[5]		 6 July 1189
Chinon
aged 56.[5] Buried at Fontevraud Abbey		 grandson of Henry I
(Treaty of Wallingford)
Henry the Young King
(Henri le Jeune Roy)
(co-ruler with his father)
14 June
1170–1183		 Henry 28 February 1155

son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

Margaret of France
Winchester Cathedral
27 August 1172
one child 		11 June 1183
Martel, Limoges
aged 28. Buried at Rouen Cathedral (Notre-Dame)		 son of Henry II
(coronation as junior king)
Richard I
Richard the Lionheart
(Richard Cœur de Lion)
3 September
1189–1199[5]		 Richard the Lionheart, an illustration from a 12th century codex 8 September 1157
Beaumont Palace
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine[5]		 Berengaria of Navarre
Limassol
12 May 1191
no children[5]		 6 April 1199
Chalus
aged 41 from an arrow wound in the shoulder that became infected.[5] Buried: Heart at Rouen Cathedral. Body at Fontevraud Abbey		 son of Henry II
(primogeniture)
John
Lackland
(Jean sans Terre)
27 May
1199–1216[6]		 John Lackland, an illustration from a 12th century codex 24 December 1166
Beaumont Palace
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine[6]		 (1) Isabel of Gloucester
Marlborough Castle
29 August 1189
no children

(2) Isabella of Angoulême
Bordeaux Cathedral
24 August 1200
five children[6]

19 October 1216
Newark-on-Trent
aged 49, probably from dysentery brought on by eating peaches and drinking wine.[6] Buried at Worcester Cathedral		 brother of Richard I
(appointment)

Disputed claimant

Louis VIII of France briefly ruled about half of England from 1216 to 1217 at the conclusion of the First Barons' War against King John. On marching into London he was openly received by the rebel barons and citizens of London and proclaimed (though not crowned) king at St Paul's cathedral. Many nobles, including Alexander II of Scotland for his English possessions, gathered to give homage to him. However in signing the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217 Louis conceded that he had never been the legitimate king of England.

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Louis
The Lion
1216–22 September 1217
Title disputed		 5 September 1187
Paris
son of Philip II of France, and Isabella of Hainault		 Blanche of Castile
Portmont
23 May 1200
13 children		 8 November 1226
Montpensier
aged 39		 Right of conquest
Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Henry III
Henry of Winchester
28 October
1216–1272[7]		 Henry III 1 October 1207
Winchester Castle
son of John and Isabella of Angoulême[7]		 Eleanor of Provence
Canterbury Cathedral
14 January 1236
nine children[7]		 16 November 1272
Westminster Palace
aged 65[7]		 son of John
(primogeniture)
Edward I
Longshanks
20 November
1272–1307[8]		 17 June 1239
Westminster Palace
son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence[8]		 (1) Eleanor of Castile
Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas
18 October 1254
17 children

(2) Margaret of France
10 September 1299
three children[8]

7 July 1307
Burgh by Sands
aged 68[8]		 son of Henry III
(primogeniture)
Edward II
7 July 1307 –
25 January 1327[9]		 Modern depiction of Edward II 25 April 1284
Caernarfon Castle
son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile[9]		 Isabella of France
Boulogne Cathedral
25 January 1308
five children[9]		 21 September 1327
Berkeley Castle
aged 43 (murdered, probably 'with a hoote brooche putte thro the secret place posterialle' according to a Confessor of one of the Jailers)[9][10]		 son of Edward I
(primogeniture)
Edward III
25 January
1327–1377[11]		 Edward III 13 November 1312
Windsor Castle
son of Edward II and Isabella of France[11]		 Philippa of Hainault
York Minster
24 January 1328
14 children[11]		 21 June 1377
Sheen Palace
aged 64[11]		 son of Edward II
(primogeniture)
Richard II
21 June 1377 –
29 September 1399[12]		 Richard II, the so-called 'Westminster Portrait', painted by an unknown artist working in the International Gothic style, 1390s 6 January 1367
Bordeaux
son of Edward, the Black Prince and Joan of Kent[12]		 (1) Anne of Bohemia
14 January 1382
no children

(2) Isabella of Valois
Calais
4 November 1396
no children[12]

14 February 1400
Pontefract Castle
aged 33 probably from starvation[12]		 grandson of Edward III
(primogeniture)

House of Lancaster

[edit]
Main article: House of Lancaster

This house descended from Edward III's third surviving son, John of Gaunt.


Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Henry IV
Bolingbroke
30 September
1399–1413[13]		 Henry IV 3 April 1366/7
Bolingbroke Castle
son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster[13]		 (1) Mary de Bohun
Arundel Castle
27 July 1380
seven children

(2) Joanna of Navarre
Winchester Cathedral
7 February 1403
no children[13]

20 March 1413
Westminster Abbey
aged 45 or 46[14]		 grandson and heir male of Edward III
(usurpation/agnatic primogeniture)
Henry V
20 March
1413–1422[13]		 Henry V 16 September 1386 or
9 August 1387[15]
Monmouth Castle
son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun[13]		 Catherine of Valois
Troyes Cathedral
2 June 1420
one son[13]		 31 August 1422
Château de Vincennes
aged 35[13]		 son of Henry IV
(agnatic primogeniture)
Henry VI
(first reign)
31 August 1422 – 4 March 1461[16] 		Henry VI 6 December 1421
Windsor Castle
son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois[16] 		Margaret of Anjou
Titchfield Abbey
22 April 1445
1 son[16] 		21 May 1471
Tower of London
aged 49[16]		 son of Henry V
(agnatic primogeniture)

House of York

[edit]
Main article: House of York

The House of York was descended from the fourth surviving son of Edward III, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York.

The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) saw the throne pass back and forth between the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Edward IV
(first reign)
4 March 1461 – 2 October 1470[17] 		Edward IV 28 April 1442
Rouen
son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville[17] 		Elizabeth Woodville
Grafton Regis
1 May 1464
ten children[17] 		9 April 1483
Westminster Palace
aged 40[17] (probably died of a stroke after catching a chill during a fishing trip)		 great-great-grandson and heir general of Edward III
(seizure of the crown/cognatic primogeniture)

House of Lancaster (restored)

[edit]
Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Henry VI
(second reign)
30 October 1470 – 11 April 1471[16] 		Henry VI 6 December 1421
Windsor Castle
son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois[16] 		Margaret of Anjou
Titchfield Abbey
22 April 1445
1 son[16] 		21 May 1471
Tower of London
aged 49 (murdered)[16] by being stabbed in the head.		 son of Henry V
(seizure of the crown)

House of York (restored)

[edit]
Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Edward IV
(second reign)
11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483[17] 		Edward IV 28 April 1442
Rouen
son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville[17] 		Elizabeth Woodville
Grafton Regis
1 May 1464
ten children[17] 		9 April 1483
Westminster Palace
aged 40[17] (probably died of a stroke after catching a chill during a fishing trip)		 great-great-grandson and heir general of Edward III
(seizure of the crown/cognatic primogeniture)
Edward V
9 April – 25 June 1483[18]		 Edward V 2 November 1470
Westminster
son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville[18]		 unmarried c. 1483
London
aged about 12[19] (according to many sources smothered)		 son of Edward IV
(cognatic primogeniture)
Richard III
26 June
1483–1485[20]		 Richard III 2 October 1452
Fotheringhay Castle
son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville[21]		 Anne Neville
Westminster Abbey
12 July 1472
1 son[21]		 22 August 1485
Bosworth Field
aged 32 (killed in battle)[21]		 great-great-grandson of Edward III
(Titulus Regius)

Kings and Queens of England, Ireland and Scotland[22] (1603-1707), of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-1801) and the United Kingdom (1801-Present)

[edit]
Monarch Consort Date of accession Time intervening Date of coronation Presiding cleric
James I and VI Anne of Denmark 24 March 1602/1603, O.S.[23] 4 mo 1 d Monday, 25 July 1603, O.S. John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury
Charles I [24] 27 March 1625, O.S. 10 mo 6 d Thursday, 2 February 1625/1626, O.S.[23] George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury
Charles II [4] 30 January 1648/1649, O.S.[23] (de jure)
8 May 1660, O.S. (de facto)		 11 mo 15 d Tuesday, 23 April 1661, O.S. William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury
James II and VII Mary of Modena 6 February 1684/1685, O.S.[23] 2 mo 17 d Thursday, 23 April 1685, O.S. William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury
William III and Mary II (reigned jointly) 13 February 1688/1689, O.S.[23] 1 mo 29 d Thursday, 11 April 1689, O.S. Henry Compton, Bishop of London
Anne [25] 8 March 1701/1702, O.S.[23] 1 mo 15 d Thursday, 23 April 1702, O.S. Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury
George I [26] 1 August 1714, O.S. 2 mo 19 d Wednesday, 20 October 1714, O.S.
George II Caroline of Ansbach 11 June 1727, O.S. 4 mo Wednesday, 11 October 1727, O.S. William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury
George III Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 25 October 1760 (King)
8 September 1761 (Queen)		 10 mo 28 d
14 d		 Tuesday, 22 September 1761 Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury
George IV [27] 29 January 1820 1 y 5 mo 20 d Thursday, 19 July 1821 Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury
William IV Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 26 June 1830 1 y 2 mo 13 d Thursday, 8 September 1831 William Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury
Victoria [4][25] 20 June 1837 1 y 8 d Thursday, 28 June 1838
Edward VII Alexandra of Denmark 22 January 1901 1 y 6 mo 18 d Saturday, 9 August 1902[28] Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury
George V Mary of Teck 6 May 1910 1 y 1 mo 16 d Thursday, 22 June 1911 Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury
1 y 7 mo 6 d Tuesday, 12 December 1911
as Emperor of India
at the Delhi Durbar		 None
George VI Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 11 December 1936 5 mo 1 d Wednesday, 12 May 1937[29] Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury
Elizabeth II [25] 6 February 1952 1 y 3 mo 27 d Tuesday, 2 June 1953 Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Married, but not jointly crowned
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Separate coronation of queen consort
  3. ^ a b c never married
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Unmarried at time of coronation
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10202". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10201". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10193". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  8. ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10191". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  9. ^ a b c d Edward II was officially deposed by Parliament on 25 January 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10094". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  10. ^ The date of Edward II's death is disputed by Ian Mortimer in his book "The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation," which argues that he may not have been murdered, but held imprisoned in Europe for several more years: ISBN 009952709X
  11. ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10188". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  12. ^ a b c d Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10206". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10187". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  14. ^ "HENRY IV - Archontology.org". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  15. ^ Biography of HENRY V - Archontology.org. Retrieved 28-11-2009
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10186". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10164". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  18. ^ a b Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. "EDWARD V - Archontology.org". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  19. ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10165". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  20. ^ "RICHARD III - Archontology.org". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  21. ^ a b c "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10163". Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  22. ^ From 1603 on England, Ireland and Scotland were personally united under the same ruler, see Personal union.
  23. ^ a b c d e f In England at this time, the new year began on 25 March. Dates between 1 January and 25 March are accordingly given a double year, the first by the old mode of reckoning, the second by the current mode.
  24. ^ Spouse Henrietta Maria, as a Catholic did not participate in the Anglican coronation ceremony
  25. ^ a b c Consorts of British Queens regnant are not crowned.
  26. ^ Spouse Sophia Dorothea of Celle divorced 1694
  27. ^ Caroline of Brunswick turned away from coronation by force
  28. ^ Originally scheduled for 26 June 1902, but postponed due to the King's life-threatening illness.
  29. ^ Date originally planned for coronation of Edward VIII
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