User talk:Deva P Raja
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The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. While the Indian caste system generally modelled the four-fold division of society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Shudras, in Kerala the Nambudiri Brahmins formed the priestly class and only rarely recognised anyone else as being other than Shudra or untouchables outside the caste system entirely. Thus, the Kerala caste system was ritualised but it was not the varna model found elsewhere. In Kerala Savarna Hindus mainly consists of two group Namputhiris (Malayali Brahmins) and Nairs, and in these groups consist of so many subgroups, sub-castes and paradeshi Hindus also. Namputhiri group consists of high sub casts like Thamprakal, Namputhiripad, Chomathiri (Somayajipad),Bhattathiripad etc and middle sub castes like Namputhiri,Potty,Embranthiri etc and lower sub-sects like Musathu,Elayathu, Nampi,Nampidi etc.
Paradesha Brahmins includes Tamil Brahamin (Pattar,Ayar etc), Thulu Brahmins like Embran, Rao,Hebbar etc, and Konkini Brahmin like Kammath,Pai,Prabhu etc (They never had any Social Status in olden days) . Another Group is "Ambalvasis" or semi brahmins who related to the temple works includes Pisharadi, Chakyar, Nampiyar,Varior, Kurukal,Pushpakan Unni, Thiyattu Unni, Pothuval,Marrar etc
Nair Clans were the militia of the land and the Royals and Lords come from that groups, but lower sub-sects depends to the higher section and did the manual works and house-hold works Royals uses the title like Raja, Varma, Koithampuran, Achhan etc Lords and less powerful rulers used the title like Karthavu,Thampan,Thirumulpadu,Kaimal,Thampi,Vellodi,Nedungadi,Pandala,Unnithan,Unnithiri, Valyathan,Adiyodi,Muppil Nair etc
Nair title like Pillai,Nair,Menon,Kurup,Nambiyar etc are the most common sir names used by Nairs and olden days there were more than 100 subsects among them (Kiriyam,Ellam,Swarupam are the high sub-sects) other lower sub-sects like Athikurusi, Padamangalam,Vyvari,Pallichan etc works as dependents of the high classes.
lower sub sects like Anthoor, Vaniyan,Vilakithala, etc are did various duties that only permitted for them to do. other caste groups like Vellala pillas, Kadu pattar,Chettiyar,Ezhuthachan, Vanika vaishya etc also comes in the Savarna group.
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Avarna group consists of Ezhavas, Nadars, Vishwakarma etc, Ezahavas and Thiyas consist of 25 % of total Kerala population, they were mostly Agricultural labours and involved in Toddy tapping etc but some of them practiced" Ayrvadic vaidyam" , Nadar found in Southern Travancore and they were also peasant farmers and involved in Palm Tree Tapping etc. Ashari( carpenter), Mushari, Thattan (Gold smith), Kallan, Kollan (Blacksmith), Chempotti (Browns smith) etc comes in Vishwakarma groups Kaniyan, vathikurupp,Kudumbi,Chaliyan,Maniyani,Aryan,Mukkuva etc also comes in that group
Paraya and Pulays are the main groups that come under the ladder of social hierarchy others like Thandan, Vedan,Kuryan etc also comes in this group Adivasi like Kurichyas, Kanikkar, Paniyar,Erular, Malavedar etc also comes under the bottam line of Hierarchy.
Christians, Muslims and Jews and Jains and Marvadis/Baniyas/Chettis/Muthaliyar/Reddiyar etc also were integral part of the social system of Kerala, up to the 1st half of the 20th century. [3]
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By the late nineteenth century, the caste system of Kerala had evolved to be the most complex to be found anywhere in India,[5] and the exploitation of it had become considerable. Barendse explains this development
... it turned to gross unrequited exploitation only in the nineteenth century when the British colonial pacification removed the threat of the peasant harvests being ravaged by armies or robbers and their huts being burned to the ground.[6]