User talk:Hw13na/aging

≥Welcome to Wikipedia. Best wishes with your project. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 21:38, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

Initial reviews

Old Age Critical Review: In my opinion, the Ageing article does not fully meet Wikipedia's Good Article Criteria. The article is well-written but it does not contain good or verifiable sources. For example, the section of dividing the lifespan needs additional citation and is referenced by an unreliable source. The information under the section cultural variations also lacks citations and could be viewed as unnecessary detail. I could not find any information on the library database to verify the information listed under the cultural variations. If further research does not prove the information to be reliable, I would consider removing it from the article page. Although the article contains a large list of references, some of the references are missing information such as the specific page numbers that were used. Furthermore, the article is broad in its coverage but is missing important information in sections like retirement. This section only contains one line and could easily be added to in order to give readers a better understanding of the topic. According to the list of the Good Article Criteria, I do believe this article is stable because the lack of references has been noted on the page. Lastly, this article does meet the Wikipedia Good Article Criteria of being illustrated by images that relevant to the topic and have suitable captions.

Hope you guys like my review, I am excited to see what you think! Bt13kybrock (talk) 18:59, 14 September 2014 (UTC)

Effects of Aging Critical Review: After reviewing the Aging article and specifically the Effects of Aging page, I would have to agree that the page overall does not meet the Wikipedia good article criteria in some aspects. Referring to the six good article criteria, I think the work that has been done in the Effects of Aging section is well written and mostly verifiable, but the section could definitely be broader in its coverage of topics as well as illustrated with some form of image related to the topics with appropriate captions. Some of the other sections such as the Evolution of Aging are put together in a very wordy manner and do not have completed references for some statements. Other sections such as Retirement only have one line of information that is not broad enough to give any credible information about the topic. Focusing on communication and strategies to overcome changes in communication when we edit this section will be a great and needed addition to the Aging page. The page seems to be neutral and stable with no constant changes or bias viewpoints.

I really liked and agreed with all the aspects of Brittany's review. Here is mine, let me know what you think. Kv13hu (talk) 17:21, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Aging Article Review: After reading the aging article, I believe that it is well-written and neutral, but I do see some flaws, specifically in the section about Dividing the Lifespan. This section is too short and needs to be broader, which can be fixed by expanding on the different stages of age, and what milestones come with it. By adding more information in this section we would also be fixing another problem which, wikipedia has already pointed out to us with a banner, stating the obvious lack of citations and veritable sources, making this section unreliable. Also although the image shown in this section is related to the topic of aging it would be more all encompassing to show images for each stage of a person’s lifespan. Therefore this section will have veritable information, and the applicable images. I definitely agree with comments Brittany and Krystal made about retirement, it does not contain enough information for someone to understand its relationship to aging. I am happy to see that we agree on most things, I look forward to hearing some feedback! Bt13zs (talk) 20:19, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Critical Review of Aging Article

The article is not exactly well written in my opinion. Some paragraphs are wonderfully organized with subheadings and clarification but others such as the introduction are full of run on sentences and ongoing paragraphs. I think a lot of complicated and confusing wording could be sorted out and made easier to understand. A lot of information kind of hits you in the face as you read it and personally I do not find that enjoyable.

The citation is abundant along with all the sources available at the end of the article. There is one paragraph however that has a banner from Wikipedia itself on it claiming there aren't enough citations in that particular section. So definitely an are for improvement right there is to find credible sources to complete or change the information in the Dividing of lifespan section.

As far as being broad goes I think the aging article covers quite a bit of topics. One thing they may be missing is an environmental effect of aging or how it contributes to our aging. We'll see if there's anything in the sources we gather about that but otherwise the social, economical, political and cultural points are all there.

I found most of the information to be presented in a neutral way with a few exceptions here and there. There are a lot of facts presented but they are accompanied with evidence and sources.

The aging article is not stable because when I looked at the history page there were multiple edits from many different users, a few of them as recent as September 8th and even on the same days.

There were 7 or 8 pictures illustrating the aging article but they were mostly just pictures of old people. I think some pictures of young people, places animals where appropriate would make more sense. Colorful graphs, charts or tables would help with understanding and visual appeal as well.

While the aging article is somewhat well written in certain areas, mostly verifiable, pretty broad, considerably neutral and decently illustrated I believe the writing could be improved with more organization and clarification, we could fix up that one area lacking sources and add a few topics and appropriate illustrations. Hopefully this will make it a more stable piece of writing. 70.27.79.185 (talk) 12:52, 18 September 2014 (UTC)Hw13na (talk) 19:29, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Could you please sign this while you're logged in. I need that information to be able to grade the assignment and track contributions. Thank you. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:02, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Deciding what to edit:

Hey everyone! After todays class, I did some research about communication and aging. I think we should start brain storming some ideas to decide what kind of addition we would like to add about communication. After my research, I personally think we should focus on the factors that can breakdown in communication because of age related issues. I will post a link to the ebook about this topic, which is called Communication and Aging. In order to find the information, look for Chapter 11 pages 234-253. In the chapter 10 it also discusses primary and secondary characteristics of aging. I think adding a summary about this may help explain what we discuss about the factors that can breakdown in communication because of age related issues. I think this communication and aging idea could fit well into the retirement section. If you agree or disagree, please tell me and share with the group. The other option is making a new section, like I mentioned previously. Also, if you guys could do some further research and post some articles and/ or ebooks, that would be great!

Link: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?sid=da5c2c6c-06c9-4c6a-875a-c7635adc1b24@sessionmgr198&vid=1#db=nlebk&AN=45055

APA Citation: Nussbaum, J. F. (2000). Communication and Aging. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.

If neither of these work type into the super search on the Brock library website and you will find it.

Bt13kybrock (talk) 22:05, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

I agree. Now that you're all familiar with the article, you can focus on what you could contribute with respect to communication. That's where you should focus. Don't get distracted by other things in the article yet, keep your focus on communication for now. You can also use your knowledge of the current article to think about where your information might fit. I agree with your comments and concerns about verifiability. You'll want to make sure that what you add is verifiable. (In your research for this assignment, you may come across sources and references that could be added to other parts of the article to increase verifiability in existing parts of the article). You seem to disagree on stability of the article. Maybe one of you could clarify this. What kind of information about communication do you all think would be helpful? --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:02, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

I made some edits to the format of the talk page. Using headings may help you read this page and refer back as you move along in the assignment. For example, I made Bt13kybrock's introductory statement into a heading that you could all now use for bringing together your discussion and moving on to finding sources. You could make another heading and some subheadings to organize information you post from your sources. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:02, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Hi everyone. I looked up the e-book Brittany posted and agree with her idea about the factors that can break down in communication as well as the addition of primary and secondary characteristics of aging to add to the understanding of the factors.

I also think we should talk about the communication barriers that come along with aging such as speed of information processing and loss of memory(cognitive). The article I found also talked about how it is a 'two-way-street' and what accommodations people may make when communicating with elders that cause more barriers to arise. You can read more about these topics if you agree that they could be incorporated in the article by Super searching some key words from the title 'Psycholinguistic and social psychological components of communication by and with the elderly'(putting in the whole title will get no results) I know that posting a link that I have up will not work from trying to open up Brittany's ebook. Hopefully you can find the article easily, I think it could be useful. If we do focus on strictly aging with communication and the barriers and factors that accompany it, we could think about making a new section (possibly under the Coping and well being section) with a more relevant title to communication.

Hope you all agree with some of my thoughts! Excited to see what is next.

And also thank you to Professor Lynn for the format changes and advice ! Kv13hu (talk) 22:18, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for your input on my ideas Krystal, I agree with your points as well. I read your article and i believe adding the speed of information processing and loss of memory would be great. Furthermore, i think your idea about putting it into the coping and well being section seems to make more sense then the retirement section. I also think we should meet in person with our group and discuss what exactly we want to put. I believe that going to the wiki drop in sessions would be beneficial for our group, if it works with everyones schedule. Tell me what you think.

See you guys tomorrow! Brittany Trojek 23:06, 23 September 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bt13kybrock (talk • contribs)

I think that focusing on communication due to age related issues is a great idea. I also do agree with putting it into the section on retirement, we can discuss how communication diminishes with age and how it is a contributing factor in why people have to retire. I found this book in the library that I am going to check out to see if it is any good, it is called Aging and Communication edited by Barbara B. Shadden and Mary Ann Toner. I’ll let you guys know if there is any good information we could use. Also I was thinking since we are discussing communication in elder people, should we also discuss different issues with communication relating to young children? We could talk about how important it is to learn about communication at a young age due to the complications one could potentially face later in life without proper knowledge of communication.

Let me know what you guys think! Bt13zs (talk) 02:16, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

I'd be very surprised if you came up with credible evidence that diminishing communication with age contributes to retirement (except in exceptional circumstances). I don't want to overwhelm you to go beyond your topic of communication but I think it might be a good idea for you to get some foundational information about what normal aging is (at least about what is normal with respect to communication abilities). You'll need to keep straight about what is a change that is normal as part of aging and changes that come with illness conditions (like dementia or stroke) that are more common in older adults but aren't part of normal aging. The myths of aging quiz might be interesting for your group. LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:57, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Some comments from Lynn

You are all off to a great start. I love your enthusiasm for your article and the prospects of enhancing it. You must focus on content related to communication. You may come across information that pertains to other topics within the article as you do your research and it would be fine to edit that information in - but the focus on this course and assignment is communication. You have to consider the entire article, to make your edits coherent but be careful about making goals that may not be achievable in the scope of this assignment. LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:46, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

I'm having some trouble following the conversation above. I will try editing for threading. I notice that you're all indenting the start of your post but not necessarily indenting the second paragraph of a post. This might not be an issue going forward - when your discussions are likely to be more focused on a specific topics that could have their own conversation threads. LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:46, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Just a reminder to sign your posts when you're logged in. LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:46, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

References

Hey guys, great meeting today! Here are my references and a short summary for each.

1) Chapter: Introduction to aging and communication

Book: Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003). Introduction to aging and communication. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 9). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

• Communication impairments have a great affect on elderly’s lives including changes in their quality of life. • With drawl, isolation and lower standard of life accompany loss of communication skills

2) Book: Communication and Aging

Jon F. Nussbaum, Teresa Thompson, James D. Robinson (Eds.). Communication and aging (234-253).New York: Harper & Row,1989.

• Identifying barriers that aging people face in conversation • Age and sight- decline in eyesight, presbyopia • Many cues of non-verbal behaviour cues we use in conversation can be missed because of decline in eyesight • Aging and hearing • As people grow older, their ability to process aural information also decreases • The hearing loss associated with aging is known as presbycusis • Even modest hearing loss can make conversation more difficult and requires a louder and slower conversation type

3) Chapter: Knowing what say and when to say it

Book: Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication

Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009). Knowing what to say and when to say it. Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 28- 31). Indianapolis, IN:Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

• Communication needs across the lifespan, how to speak about illness to children, teens, adult and elderly. • Strategies for improving communication, how to talk about fatal illness to patient.

4)Chapter: Responding to patient and family wishes and hopes

Book: Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication

Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009).Responding to patient and family wishes and hopes .Being present : a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 42-43). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

• Patient communication • How to understand and work with them

Brittany Trojek 18:46, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Here are my three references and short summaries!

Chapter: Comprehensive nursing care

Book: Caring for elderly clients Ramont, R., Niedringhaus, D., & Towle, M. (2006). Caring for elderly clients. In Roberta Pavy Ramont, Dolores Maldonado Niedringhaus, Mary Ann Towle (Eds.). Comprehensive nursing care (pp. 883-884). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006

• Barriers preventing communication with elderly and list of ways to overcome or aid in overcoming them.

• Barriers can include hearing, reading and thought processing.

Chapter:Communication and swallowing impairments

Book:Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention

Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003). Communication and swallowing impairments. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 102-105). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

• Cognitive impairments cause shrinking vocabulary, memory loss, etc. which directly affect communication

• Hearing impairment (physical disability) can slow the rate of conversations and relative topics

Chapter: Understanding the spiritual journey Book: Being present : a nurses resource for end of life communication Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009).Understanding the spiritual journey. Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 84-85). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

• Religious communication considerations for patients/families

• Potential culture barriers that prevent good communication

Kv13hu (talk) 20:12, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

References part 2

Hey guys :) I'm sorry I kept going to the wrong page after the reviews were posted but thanks for helping me find the right one and catch up :) I like where we're going with this and it's nice we have the focus of communication and the elderly. Today was really productive, we should definitely meet again the next time something big is due. Here are my sources

1. Chapter: Communicating with older adults

Book: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging: Human needs & nursing response

Touhy, T. A., Jett, K., Ebersole, P., & Hess, P. A. (2012). Communicating with older adults. In Theris A. Touhy & Kathleen (Eds.). Jett Ebersole & Hess' toward healthy aging: human needs & nursing response (96-98).St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby, 2012.

Cognitive impairment that affects memory, speech, and communication is dementia. Difficulty expressing their personhood in a way others can understand Dementia affects both receptive and expressive communication. Loses sense of humour Nonverbal behaviors become more important as verbal behaviors become limited.

2. Being present: a nurse’s resource for end-of-life communication

Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009).Challenges in end-of-life communication. Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 206). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

Speaking about illness/death to a patient with general disability, homelessness or other pending circumstance.

3. Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention

Worrall, L.,&Hickson, L. M. (2003). The hospital setting. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson (Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 237-243). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003. Communication while in the hospital, with health care professionals. This can cause miscommunications among patient and HCP. Hannah Hw13na (talk) 19:29, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys, it was great getting together today and knowing we are finally all on the same page! Here are my three references and some short summaries.

1) Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003).Theoretical foundations of communication disability in aging. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 32-33). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

• Communication is linked to social health and well being.

2) Worrall, L.,&Hickson, L. M. (2003). Implications for theory, practice, and policy. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson (Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 297-303). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

• Changes in communication from age can include comprehension of topics, flow of conversation and how elders view their quality of life.

3) Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009).Challenges in end-of-life communication. Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 206). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

• Speaking about illness/death to a patient with general disability, homelessness or other pending circumstance.

--Bt13zs (talk) 00:11, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Kv13hu ,Bt13zs, and Hw13na, you each have one reference that is the same. Let me know if you decide to find additional sources and, if so, when they are posted. I recommend finding some books or book chapters about gerontology or normal aging and referring to chapters in those books. LynnMcCleary (talk) 15:28, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Book Summaries and Outline

AGING OUTLINE =

(will be added to after all summaries are complete)

Part 1: Intro of health aging or aging process:

Part 2: Barriers of communication in Aging:

Social Factors:

- Social isolation-

- Language or Conversational discourse-

- Attitudes- (Ageism) with health care professionals and younger people

- Cultural differences

Physical Factors:

- Hearing impairment

- Vision impairment

- Neurological disorder

Environmental Factors:

- Hospital

- Retirement homes

BOOK SUMMARIES

(main section for all group members) Hey everyone so now that we have got together and reviewed all our sources, it is time to post our summaries. Please post your summaries under this section so that there is no confusion. If our format remains consistent, it will be easier for us to come to a better understanding about our topic. In order to do this, please try and copy the format that Krystal and i have used. Thank-you Dr. McCleary for pointing out the repeated summaries and i hope that this section will be easier to read. Interesting fact, we are using a book that Dr. McCleary contributed to!

Brittany Trojek's Book Summaries:

1) Book: Toward Healthy Aging: Human needs & nursing responses

Chapter: Communicating with older adults (7)

Author: Theris A. Touhy

Citation: Touhy, T. A., Jett, K., Ebersole, P., & Hess, P. A. (2012). Communicating with older adults. In Theris A. Touhy & Kathleen (Eds.). Jett Ebersole & Hess' toward healthy aging: human needs & nursing response (96-98).St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby, 2012.

Summary: The topic of the Wikipedia page is aging, my group wants to add to this page by discussing barriers of communication in aging. The chapter in this book is about communicating with older adults. It describes how communication is a basic need regardless of age. It specifically discusses Ageism, which is the stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old. The characteristics of Elder speak are changing tone or exaggerating words, speaking slowly, using limited vocabulary, and using pet names or diminutives. The chapter outlines strategies for therapeutic communication for nurses. These strategies are attentive listening, authentic presence, non-judgmental attitude, and cultural expertise, clarifying, providing information, seeking validation of understanding, maintaining focus, and using open-ended questions. These strategies focus on making an effort to understand what an individual is trying to communicate and to try to give an individual time to process what you are saying. Furthermore, this chapter discusses different impairments that can affect communication with older adults. These impairments are hearing loss, vision impairments, and neurological disorders. In relation to our wikipedia page, i want to use the information i found about elder speak as part of a barrier to communication in aging.

Brittany Trojek 13:00, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

2) Book: Being Present: A nurse’s resource for end-of-life communication

Chapter: Responding to cultural needs in end of life care (8)

Author(s): Marjorie Schaffer and Linda Norlander

Citation: Schaffer, M., & Norlander, L.(2009). Responding to cultural needs in end of life care . Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication (pp. 206). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International, 2009.

Summary: As stated previously, the topic for our wiki page is aging, the focus is on communication barriers in aging. This book discusses end-of life communication and cultural barriers and competence in communication. Culture is apart of all communication, both verbal and nonverbal. It is important to educate and gain perspective on different cultural practices, values, and beliefs in relation to communication. How one speaks to someone in one cultural may not be acceptable for someone in another culture. Elderly people may not be as accepting of cultural differences as younger people are, which could create a barrier in communication. Developing cultural competence is important for elderly people in their social interactions. A model developed by Schim Miller (Doorenbos & Schim, 2004) discusses four main components of cultural competence. These components are cultural diversity, cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence. In relation to nursing, cultural competence includes self-awareness and appreciation for variations among the patients and families cared for. A nurse can do this by developing awareness about cultural variations and similarities, and also evaluating how their own cultural beliefs influence nursing care.

This book is similar to the previous one discussed because it focuses on barriers of communication and identifies strategies to overcome such barriers.

Brittany Trojek 13:00, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

Bt13kybrock, you might consider contributing to the Elderspeak article. Your sources are relevant to it. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:03, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

3) Book: Communication and aging

Chapter: Barriers to conversation

Author(s): Nussbaum, Jon F.: Pecchioni, Lorreta L.: Robinson, James D.; Thompson, Teresa L.

Citation: Nussbaum, J. F., Thompson, T. L., & Robinson, J. D. (1989). Barriers to conversation. In Jon F. Nussbaum, Teresa Thompson, James D. Robinson (Eds.). Communication and aging (234-253).New York: Harper & Row,1989.

Summary: As stated previously, the topic of our Wikipedia page is aging, with a focus on barriers to communication. This book discusses language, hearing, and generational barriers. This chapter explains how people often modify their speech with an elderly person. An elderly individual feel like they are being treated like a child and can make the elderly individual feel anxious about their conversational abilities. This may lead to avoidance of future interactions, which can lead to social isolation of the elderly individual. Furthermore, younger individuals often have the tendency to believe that hearing loss is evidence of diminished cognitive ability. In reality, vocabulary and comprehension do not decrease much with age in the absence of health problems. Therefore, it is not always necessary for one to simplify speech when communicating with an elderly individual. When individuals of different generations communicate there is also a likelihood of misperception and misunderstanding of what is being said.

This book is similar to the two previously stated books because it discusses barriers to communication and aging. It also discusses how these barriers make elderly people feel.

Brittany Trojek 17:21, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Krystal VanKessel's Book/Chapter Summaries

1.

Book: Communication Disability in Aging

Chapter : 2 Theoretical Foundations of Communication Disability in Aging

Author : Worrall and Hickson

Ciatation : Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003).Theoretical foundations of communication disability in aging. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 32-33). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

Summary: Healthy Aging- Healthy aging implies optimal well-being in spite of barriers resulting from age. The global population is aging and will continue to have communication inabilities unless communication barriers with the elderly are more highly promoted. Communication’s role in healthy aging stems from social well-being and psychological well-being. Communication disabilities are not as well distinguished and are not usually visible. Links between communication disability and social isolation is an important one; loneliness can result in even worse loss of communication skills in elderly people. The quality of life is dependent on physical, mental, social and emotional health as well as subjective well-being which all rely on having communication skills throughout life. Increased participation in health management is important in keeping communication skills in elderly people. Older people generally appreciate the importance of communication, but communication is more highly valued by elderly who have experienced loss of communication skills. The most common age related changes include hearing impairment and word retrieval issues.

This chapter also discussed the CAT which I thought was quite relevant to our topics of discussion.

Communication Accommodation Theory- This theory has been used to study the accommodations made by younger and older people to each other’s communication (Giles, Coupland and Coupland 1991). Inappropriate accommodation in interactions with older people makes them feel old and is more likely to have stereotypical accommodations towards young people next time they have an encounter. This model shows how older people can be empowered with appropriate accommodation. Appropriate accommodation of an older person allows for appropriate assessment of their needs.CAT explains the process of how two people accommodate to each-others communicative patterns.

Kv13hu (talk) 14:06, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Kv13hu, like Bt13kybrock, your sources are relevant to the Elderspeak article. Maybe you'd like to do some editing over at that article. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:07, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

2.

Book : Communication Disability in Aging

Chapter : 8 The Hospital Setting

Authors : Worrall and Hickson

Ciatation : Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003). Communication and swallowing impairments. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 102-105). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003.

Summary : Elderly people account for a large percentage of hospital inpatient. Effective communication with healthcare professionals is important in the effective treatment in hospital settings. If an elderly person has a disability in communication it can be difficult for staff members to get their jobs done effectively because of the unique and varying environments. There are many barriers that can influence the communication between patient and staff including the patient them self, the staff member working with them and the environment they are all placed in. The multitude of staff and excessive noise in a hospital setting can increase communication barriers that already exist with elderly patients. Health care professionals have an extra important job when working with the elderly in terms that they must pay attention to in patients are withholding information about their health or are not understanding the processes about to happen in some cases. Knowing the different ways to effectively communicate when communication impairment is apparent with the patient is necessary in proper diagnosis and discharge. Health care workers need to understand that patients are all coming from different situations and communication type may vary.

Kv13hu (talk) 14:06, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

After reading over your summaries, i think your summary of healthy aging is a good way to start off our part of the article, before discussing the barriers of communication. I believe all the sources you have will be very useful also. Brittany Trojek 21:25, 21 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bt13kybrock (talk • contribs)

Bt13kybrock, since your group didn't get to do this in the scope of this assignment, it would be worthwhile to put a comment about this possibility on the article talk page. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:11, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

3.

Book : Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging

Chapter : 6 Biological Theories of Aging and Physical Changes of Aging

Authors : Touhy, Jett, Boscart & McCleary

Ciatation : Touhy, T.A., Jett, K.F., Boscart, V., McCleary, L. (2012). Biological Theories of Aging and Physical Changes of Aging. In Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging (81-106) Touhy, T.A (et al.) Toronto: Elsevier, 2012.

Summary : Neurological cognitive changes occur in many aging humans but do not affect all older people in the same way. Major changes are found in the CNS which can cause symptoms such as sleep disturbances, memory impairments and intellectual performance slowed down. In the peripheral nervous system, aging can cause slowed motor skills and reflexes to seemingly normal tasks. The biggest changes that affect communication skills occur in sensory changes. Some popular examples of these would be loss of smell, sound, sight or touch. There are huge variations in the rate of body systems and functions. Many normal changes with age can be misinterpreted and careful assessment of individual aging changes and lifestyle is fundamental in giving care to elderly patients.

Kv13hu (talk) 17:33, 7 October 2014 (UTC) Kv13hu (talk) 14:06, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Hannah Wiley's Book/Chapter Summaries

1.

Book : The Aging Brain : Communication In The Elderly

Chapter : 4 Communication, Presbycusis, and Technological Aids - John F. Corso

Authors : Barlett et al.,

Summary: Oral communication barriers can be caused by many diseases. A big problem effecting communication is hearing loss, especially in the elderly. Patients who can't communicate like they want to feel depressed, frustrated, stressed, insecure and suspicious. The worse the auditory handicap, the more lonely, isolated and inferior the patient feels. Hearing aids really help this situation. The worse patients feel about their hearing loss, the harder it is to overcome it and they need lots of support. Fast speaking elderly are associated with competence while slow speaking elderly are seen as the opposite. This isn't always true though so every patient must be treated equally or is could damage a patients self esteem, satisfaction and relationship with the Nurse/caregivers.

2.

Book : The Aging Brain : Communication In The Elderly

Chapter : 11 Communication in Dementia

Authors : Barlett et al.,

Summary: Communication problems are always present in dementia. When thought function is disabled, communication is disabled too. The relationship between thought and language is very strong. Depending on which part of the brain is effected most by the dementia, the patient will have varying symptoms in their communication disabilities. More research needs to be done on which part of the brain produces which communication barriers in terms of dementia.

3.

Book : Comprehensive Nursing Care

Chapter : 32 Caring for Elderly Clients

Authors : Ramont, Niedringhaus and Towle

Summary: The elderly are most likely to have issues with communication such as though, hearing and language. Nurses must speak slowly to these patients using understandable terms. Time must be allotted for the elderly to think about what the Nurse just said, process it in their mind and then respond. It's also a good idea to write important things down and leave it with the patient for them to read later if they forget. Sometimes situations like this will lead to frustration on both parts. If the Nurse is feeling overwhelmed, it's advisable for her/him to step out into the hall and take a breather to release their frustration. Then the Nurse may proceed, with understanding for her patient.

Hw13na (talk) 13:50, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Becky Terc's Book/Chapter Summaries

1. Book : Communication and Cognition in Normal Aging and Dementia

Chapter : 5 Linguistic Communication and Normal Aging

Authors : Bayles et al.

Citation: Bayles, K., Kaszniak, A., & Tomoeda, C. (1987). Linguistic communication and normal aging. In communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia (pp. 150-152). Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

Summary: According to the text the mechanical components of communication are of great importance when speaking about age related communication problems. These aspects include the translation of ideas into linguistic representations, the expression of linguistic representations, the perception of linguistic stimuli and the derivation of an idea from a given unit of disclosure (Bayles et al.,1987, p.150). The reading suggests that expression is merely a portion of the story behind communication and the other half is composed of interpretation and perception of what is being perceived. Communication disorder is the product of weakening any single one of these mechanical processes. Mechanical problems have the greatest affect on the communication ability of older adults. Changes in mechanical problems are more important than changes in linguistic knowledge. Decrements in perception, such as hearing, are known to be the most common mechanical loss. The chapter highlights the topic of Presbycusis, the alteration of hearing sensitivity associated with normal hearing loss caused by the decreased amount of hair cells in cochlea (Bayles et al.,1987, p.151). Presbycusis and other such problems promote social withdrawal, as individuals begin to lose touch with the world around them. Hearing loss among the aged community lessens elders ability to compensate for other age related social and/or physical problems (Bayles et al.,1987, p.151). The evolution of visual system makes the analyzing of linguistic stimulates harder to understand. The interpretation of facial expressions and mouthing has consequently become more difficult to comprehend. Such problems hinder the ability of people to understand stimuli and translate information pertaining to perception with their brain for analysis. Visual problems propelled by poor environmental conditions intensify the hinderance of communication for many individuals. I believed that this chapter would be useful by means of discussing how the mechanical components of communication are a great importance to our everyday life and how with age problems can occur due to them weakening.

2.

Book : Communication Disability in Aging

Chapter : 5 Communication activity limitations

Authors : Worrall and Hickson

Citation: Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003).Communication activity limitations. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson(Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 141-142). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003

Summary: According to this chapter difficulties that older adults face are dependent on where they live, the people they communicate with everyday, and their overall attitude toward communication. It explains how difficulties can relate communication but depend on how severe the impairment is. In conclusion problems with hearing are concluded to be the most common. Their findings show that when people say “they can not hear” it is equivalent to them saying “I can hear, but I do not understand”. They discuss the difference between older adults we live in old age home compared to older adults who live in the community. They have found research that shows older people who reside in old age homes are less involved in communication activities in contrast to the people who live in the community. They have also disclosed fewer weaknesses with their communication. This could happen for many reasons such as, they may have other health problems that take the priority over communication problems. In conclusion I believe that this chapter would be useful to our topic in regards to discussing the hearing loss and how it affects a persons everyday life.

3.

Book : Communication Disability in Aging

Chapter : 10 Implications for theory, practice, and policy

Authors : Worrall and Hickson

Citation: Worrall, L.,& Hickson, L. M. (2003). Implications for theory, practice, and policy. In Linda E. Worrall & Louise M. Hickson (Eds.). Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention (pp. 297-298). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2003

Summary: In this chapter it talks about how communication impairments that are common among older people include hearing loss, memory loss, and word finding difficulties. Changes to these areas can be notice in sense of comprehension, speech, and voice. Changes in cognition, hearing, and vision are easily associated with healthy aging and can causes problems when diagnosing dementia and aphasia due to the similarities. It is seen that healthy older people rate their quality of life much higher compared to younger people, but this excludes older people who have communication impairments.In this chapter different ways of assessing a person to test for different impairments. The use of open ended questions or direct questions is one way to test a persons memory, i.e. “what were you involved in 2 years ago”. All in all I believe that this chapter would be useful in terms of discussing the different communication impairments and how they affects a persons speech, cognition and/or vision.

Bt13zs (talk) 13:57, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

Book Summaries Discussion

Hey everyone, after reading over and reviewing all our summaries, I have noticed that a few of our books, and book chapters, highlight the issue of hearing loss as a barrier. Therefore, I do agree with Hannah with the fact that a lot of our summaries talk about the common theme of hearing loss as a barrier. I think we should combine the Brittany’s first source, Hannah’s first source, and my first and second source. By combining these sources I believe that we can discuss and explain how hearing loss is a common barrier in communication. These sources would fit perfectly under the physical barriers section as outlined.

Bt13zs (talk) 15:28, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

I agree with your points, i believe hearing loss is an important barrier to discuss and our resources on seem to give relevant information to aging. Your idea of combining my first source is very clever. I believe this will make it very clear to someone who is reading the article. I look forward to combining the article with the group and adding additional information from our books. Brittany Trojek 21:23, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for your comment Bt13kybrock I thought having some information regarding healthy aging as an intro would be a helpful contribution. I also agree with Becky about having hearing loss as a barrier mentioned in our contributions. I think that we should definitely include a section about elder speak and how people young and old people tend to accommodate to elders when they are in conversation because it was a relatively common theme as well. I also think that a good plan would be to add a section to the Aging page that has a more relevant title to communication where we can add in a few paragraphs of our research. Kv13hu (talk) 15:59, 27 October 2014 (UTC)

Professor comments and suggestions for summarizing and collaborating

Bt13kybrock, Kv13hu, Bt13zs, and [[User:Hw13na|Hw13na] you have a lot of information. I have some suggestions for you – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. You have the potential to get overwhelmed. I like that you have an organizing framework in mind already. That should help you with focus. It’s okay if you find that you have missing parts on your framework. You could always make note of what more is needed on the Aging article talk page as a suggestion for future editors. It’s also okay to change your editing goal when you’ve learned more about communication and older adults. The goal is to make a meaningful contribution to the article - not to perfect it.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.As you're summarizing relevant information from your sources, keep your focus on what you could add to the aging article about communication. You will come across irrelevant information. Don't let yourself get side tracked by it (if you want you can keep it in mind to make additional editing suggestions but keeping focused will help you keep the scope of this assignment reasonable). Thinking about the communication model we learned about the first week of class might help you focus and organize your information.

Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there isn't 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.

I can copy the aging article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:33, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Okay so a common theme in these summaries is that along with ageing comes hearing and speaking disabilities which make communication sometimes difficult. Thankfully there are ways to overcome these obstacles. :) Hw13na (talk) 01:10, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

I agree Hannah, i believe these will be good contributions to the overall article and the ways to overcome the obstacles make it an interesting addition to our section. The books you chose, were very good. I look forward to putting every together! Also, thank you Dr. McCleary for helping the group understand what was necessary for the summaries, i think it really helped and i believe we did it correctly. Brittany Trojek 21:23, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

What do you guys think exactly we should put in though? Like an entire little mini section on these communication obstacles/solutions in ageing or just one simple sentence adding to the article?? Hw13na (talk) 22:59, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Okay so we want a little section on Communication and Aging. Brittany you mentioned having three questions to answer. What are the barriers of communication that come with age? What effect do these barriers have on the aging individual? What are the solutions to these communication barriers? What do you guy think of those questions? Hw13na (talk) 16:00, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys our sandbox looks good I really like the second section. I think we can make the second sentence sound better though because we use communication twice "The global population is aging and will continue to have communication inabilities unless communication barriers with the elderly are more highly promoted." is what it is. What about "Communication inabilities are present in the aging population but these barriers can be overcome with awareness and knowledge." Hw13na (talk) 13:43, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

EXPLANATION OF EDITS

Hello everyone in the aging group, Krystal and i have made the final edits to the actual wikipedia page. We included the citations and added pictures. We ended up changing quite a bit of grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and formatting after submitting it.

Rationale for edits: We made the edits to this wikipedia page because it lacked information about communication in aging. We added information about the barriers to communication and strategies to improve communication. We decided to add a new section. We also referenced other wikipedia pages that could offer more understanding of the topics that were discussed. Although the section is brief, it gives a general understanding of how the barriers affect an individuals life and daily communication with others. Specifically, we included vision and hearing loss, which are common barriers to communication.

Summary of further edits that are needed: In general, the citations of the aging page need to be edited. Also, some of the information is unnecessary and could be replaced/removed. We did not do these edits for this project because we wanted to focus on communication in aging. If we were to add anything more to our section, we would discuss at least two more barriers. For example, we could add information on dementia and/ or generational influences on communication. We could also discuss more strategies for communication and discuss them in more detail.

I hope that you enjoy reading our addition to the page Professor McCleary- LynnMcCleary

Brittany Trojek 17:55, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Kv13hu (talk) 17:57, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Commentary on Final Edits

Hey ladies! First I want to congratulate you for your hard work and for adding a much needed section to this article. The information that you added is very relevant and is a big part of the aging process. I do agree that your section would benefit from a few more barriers but the ones that you girls decided to add are the most prevalent and I think that you did great with the time that we were given. But great starting ideas for the next editors that come along. I think that all of the good article criteria was met; well-written (good sentence structure and sounds professional), verifiable (used good secondary sources and added the proper citations), broad (nothing that doesn’t apply to the population in general), neutral (all facts nothing controversial), stable (nothing that looks suspicious) and illustrated (nice addition of pictures) I have a few suggestions for your section:

1. The first picture of the group could say the elderly instead of just elderly.
2. If possible I think that it would be a good idea to add links to the subsections of the aging in communication in your contents box. Like the society section where it has 8.1 etc. This way people can preview what is in your section and if they needed to look at just hearing loss they could get there easily.
3. I really like how you girls referenced other wiki pages for the readers understanding.
4. I like the pictures that you added to your section. They give a good visual reference of what you are talking about. However, I find the placement of photos is a bit awkward and it makes it hard to read. I know you were probably trying to spice it up and make it more visually interesting but I was having a hard time following the sections.
5. Although it is nice to see what is important on this topic as you have shown by bullet points it isn’t really constant with the rest of the article. The information is basically in paragraph form, if a few connecting sentences are added I think that the bullet points could be removed and great paragraphs could easily be made. Except for the strategies at the end of the section, I think it is best in a bullet list for easier reading and understanding. Maybe add an example of an open ended question for better understanding.
6. Not sure if this is valid but not everyone will know the anatomy of the ear in the sentence: “Presbycusis, the alteration of hearing sensitivity associated with normal hearing loss, is caused by the decreased amount of hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear.[62]” and “Macular degeneration is a common of vision loss problem in elderly people.”--Sarah Greer 14:43, 9 November 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sg13bc (talk • contribs)

Thank you Sg13bc, please put your review on the article talk page so it can contribute to further improvement of the article (and so other editors can understand why your classmates are making changes (or not) based on your feedback. LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:54, 10 November 2014 (UTC)