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Welcome![edit]

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Welcome to Wikipedia, Jaclyn turpin! Thank you for your contributions. I am Rosiestep and have been editing Wikipedia for quite some time, so if you have any questions feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. You can also check out Wikipedia:Questions or type {{helpme}} at the bottom of this page. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:

Also, when you post on talk pages you should sign your name using four tildes (~~~~); that will automatically produce your username and the date. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Rosiestep (talk) 15:40, 31 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Peer Comment from Class[edit]

I'm assuming that the stuff that is under the "Text Removed", "Causes", and "Treatment" headings is your work. I don't know if you are going to be working on echopraxia or schizophrenia, but maybe you better choose one and stick with it. SandyGeorgia mentioned some things already that would be good to adhere to. Are you trying to create a brand new article or edit another one? If you're editing schizophrenia, make sure that you are communicating on the talk page for that and letting others know what kind of quality of sources you have and what it is you are changing or adding. (Kevinwilliams18 (talk) 17:15, 19 April 2012 (UTC))[reply]

Yes, it is :) The text was added to echopraxia, but it as all about schizophrenia and nothing about echopraxia. That text isn't needed at schizophrenia, which is a featured article and that material is already covered, so there is no article where that text belongs or is needed. IF the goal is to discuss echopraxia in schizophrenia, that isn't what the text did (text about schizophrenia is off-topic there, and is covered by linking to schizophrenia). If Jaclyn wants to work on echopraxia, I'll be glad to help, but she needs sources about echopraxia specifically. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 18:09, 19 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not sure if you're writing about Echopraxia or Schizophrenia. I keep seeing you jump from one to the other. And as the person above me said I can't figure out if you're creating a new article or editing one. I would suggest just working on Echopraxia and linking it to the Schizophrenia page which seems to be well developed already. Lindsey.cobb (talk) 14:03, 20 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Please stop adding text that describes schizophrenia to the echopraxia article. Also, please review WP:MEDRS on sourcing, and WP:3RR on the need to engage on article talk once you've been reverted. I'm placing a copy of your text here so you can place it in the correct article, or rewrite it to be about echopraxia, with links to schizophrenia. Please do not add this text to schizophrenia, which is a fully developed article already and doesn't need this text. If you want to edit echopraxia, you should be adding text about echopraxia, not schizophrenia. If you don't engage on article or editor talk pages, I won't be able to help accomodate the text you are seeking to add. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 06:22, 17 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Text removed[edit]

Echopraxia is associated with various disorders such as Tourette's Syndrome, autism, some forms of clinical depression and some other neurological disorders. and schizophrenia (especially catatonic schizophrenia). Catatonic schizophrenia, a type of schizophrenia, is characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance, which may include immobility (stupor or catalepsy), excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, echolalia, echopraxia, and peculiar voluntary movements such as posturing, mannerisms, grimacing, or stereotyped behaviors. Catatonia occurs more often, or is diagnosed more often in developing countries than in developed countries. This form of schizophrenia is estimated to affect about 30% of those with the disorder. [1]

Causes[edit]

Schizophrenia is not caused by one single event or chemical imbalance in a person, but is a combination of things explained through different perspectives of psychology. Neurobiological evidence shows that echopraxia in schizophrenia begins deep in the brain's neurological processes, more specifically in an area known as the mirror neuron system (MNS). The firing of this special neuron as an action potential communicates with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFS). When it fires, a normally functioning brain would know to inhibit the observed action from occurring in the person. In an abnormally functioning brain, the resulting actions can be associated with decreased inhibitions and/or increased arousal; thus, the person will be unable to prevent themselves from mimicking the observed action. It is not necessarily caused by the MNS being overactive, but the by MNS acting as a abnormal force in the brain.[2] There is more evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis. Normally there are differing amounts of dopamine in different areas of the brain. Supposedly, an excess of dopamine present in certain brain synapses may be responsible for some cases of schizophrenia, however it does not appear to affect symptoms such as mutism, social withdrawal, flat affect, and anhedonia.[3]

Other possible explanations stem from Psychoanalysis and have little to do with neurons. It speculates that schizophrenia is merely a regression into a more infant level of functioning. The patient is no longer or never has been capable of separating reality of the self from their own dreamland that they create. This break from the outside world to their own world can be triggered by an uncontrollable increase in id demands or an unbearable degree of guilt or moral anxiety produced by the superego.[4]

Treatment[edit]

There is no cure for any type of schizophrenia therefore its symptoms can never be fully eradicated from an affected person's life. However, catatonic schizophrenic patients appear to respond well to Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is used as a treatment for a variety of mental disorders and yet the exact neurological impact it has on the brain remains unclear.[5] Drug therapy has also been proven to at least make schizophrenia more manageable for those affected. Drugs such as Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) can rapidly and effectively reduce the confusion, anziety, and restlessness of acute schizophrenia. [6]

  1. ^ Pridmore, S., Brüne, M., Ahmadi, J., Dale, J. (2008) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Echopraxia in schizophrenia:possible mechanics http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=03ba6f36-f5f5-4c87-8647-889a9a60bb51%40sessionmgr110&vid=4&hid=110
  2. ^ Pridmore, S., Brüne, M., Ahmadi, J., Dale, J. (2008) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Echopraxia in schizophrenia:possible mechanics http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=03ba6f36-f5f5-4c87-8647-889a9a60bb51%40sessionmgr110&vid=4&hid=110
  3. ^ Duke, Marshall, and Stephen Nowicki, Jr. Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Being Different. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1979. 180. Print.
  4. ^ Duke, Marshall, and Stephen Nowicki, Jr. Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Being Different. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1979. 169-70. Print.
  5. ^ Pridmore, S., Brüne, M., Ahmadi, J., Dale, J. (2008) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Echopraxia in schizophrenia:possible mechanics http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=03ba6f36-f5f5-4c87-8647-889a9a60bb51%40sessionmgr110&vid=4&hid=110
  6. ^ Duke, Marshall, and Stephen Nowicki, Jr. Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Being Different. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1979. 185. Print.