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Supra-mundane stages, fetters and rebirths (according to the Sutta Piṭaka^[1])
stage's "fruit"^[2]	abandoned fetters		rebirth(s) until suffering's end
stream-enterer	1. identity view 2. doubt 3. ritual attachment	lower fetters	up to seven more times as a human or in a heaven
once-returner^[3]	1. identity view 2. doubt 3. ritual attachment		once more as a human
non-returner	4. sensual desire 5. ill will		once more in a pure abode
arahant	6. material-rebirth lust 7. immaterial-rebirth lust 8. conceit 9. restlessness 10. ignorance	higher fetters	none
Source: Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001), Middle-Length Discourses, pp. 41-43.

The Velāma Sutta is part of the Anguttara Nikaya (AN 9.20 or 9.2.10). In English, this discourse (Pali: sutta) is referred to as "The Brahmin Velama" discourse.^[4] In this discourse, the Buddha instructs highly esteemed householder Anathapindika on the relative merit of various gifts.

Text[edit]

Attitudinal respect[edit]

Recipient worthiness[edit]

Verbal gifts[edit]

Mental gifts[edit]

Context[edit]

Who was Anathapindika[edit]

Absolute versus relative merit[edit]

Include reference to Iti. 1.27 (Ireland, 1999) re: merit-making vs. metta.

Merit versus Nirvana[edit]

Lay Theravada practices for a fortunate rebirth
FAITH (Saddhā)	GIVING (Dāna)	VIRTUE (Sīla)	MIND (Bhāvanā)	DISCERNMENT (Paññā)
Buddha · Dhamma · Sangha	Charity · Almsgiving	5 precepts · 8 precepts	Mettā · Vipassanā	4 Noble Truths · 3 Characteristics
Based on: Dighajanu Sutta, Velama Sutta, Dhammika Sutta				view talk edit

Notes[edit]

^ See, for instance, the "Snake-Simile Discourse" (MN 22), where the Buddha states:
'Monks, this Teaching so well proclaimed by me, is plain, open, explicit, free of patchwork. In this Teaching that is so well proclaimed by me and is plain, open, explicit and free of patchwork; for those who are arahants, free of taints, who have accomplished and completed their task, have laid down the burden, achieved their aim, severed the fetters binding to existence, who are liberated by full knowledge, there is no (future) round of existence that can be ascribed to them.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned the five lower fetters will all be reborn spontaneously (in the Pure Abodes) and there they will pass away finally, no more returning from that world.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned three fetters and have reduced greed, hatred and delusion, are all once-returners, and, returning only once to this world, will then make an end of suffering.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned three fetters, are all stream-enterers, no more liable to downfall, assured, and headed for full Enlightenment.' (Nyanaponika, 2006)
^ The "fruit" (Pali: phala) is the culmination of the "path" (magga). Thus, for example, the "stream-enterer" is the fruit for one on the "stream-entry" path; more specifically, the stream-enterer has abandoned the first three fetters, while one on the path of stream-entry strives to abandon these fetters.
^ Both the stream-enterer and the once-returner abandon the first three fetters. What distinguishes these stages is that the once-returner additionally attenuates lust, hate and delusion, and will necessarily be reborn only once more.
^ See, for instance, www.metta.lk (undated), the English text.

Bibliography[edit]

Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2005). In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-491-1.

Ireland, John D. (trans.) (1999). The Development of Loving-kindness (Iti. 1.27). Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.1.024-027.irel.html#iti-027.

Jootla, Susan Elbaum (1990). The Scale of Good Deeds: The Message of the Velama Sutta (Wheel No. 372). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 955-24-0083-X.

Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.

www.metta.lk (Mettanet-Lanka) (undated). Sīhanādavaggo (AN 9.2). The Pali version of this chapter is available on-line at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara6/09-navakanipata/002-sihanadavaggo-p.html. The Velāma suttaṃ is identified as sutta "9. 1. 2. 10". The Romanized English version of this chapter is available on-line at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara6/09-navakanipata/002-sihanadavaggo-e.html. The "Velāmasuttaṃ - The Brahmin Velama" is identified as sutta "10".

[1] See, for instance, the "Snake-Simile Discourse" (MN 22), where the Buddha states:
'Monks, this Teaching so well proclaimed by me, is plain, open, explicit, free of patchwork. In this Teaching that is so well proclaimed by me and is plain, open, explicit and free of patchwork; for those who are arahants, free of taints, who have accomplished and completed their task, have laid down the burden, achieved their aim, severed the fetters binding to existence, who are liberated by full knowledge, there is no (future) round of existence that can be ascribed to them.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned the five lower fetters will all be reborn spontaneously (in the Pure Abodes) and there they will pass away finally, no more returning from that world.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned three fetters and have reduced greed, hatred and delusion, are all once-returners, and, returning only once to this world, will then make an end of suffering.... [T]hose monks who have abandoned three fetters, are all stream-enterers, no more liable to downfall, assured, and headed for full Enlightenment.' (Nyanaponika, 2006)

[2] The "fruit" (Pali: phala) is the culmination of the "path" (magga). Thus, for example, the "stream-enterer" is the fruit for one on the "stream-entry" path; more specifically, the stream-enterer has abandoned the first three fetters, while one on the path of stream-entry strives to abandon these fetters.

[3] Both the stream-enterer and the once-returner abandon the first three fetters. What distinguishes these stages is that the once-returner additionally attenuates lust, hate and delusion, and will necessarily be reborn only once more.

[4] See, for instance, www.metta.lk (undated), the English text.

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