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User talk:Mike Cline/Articles Under Contemplation/Amphibians and reptiles of Yosemite National Park

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Sierra Nevada Ensatina

There are 12 species of amphibians [1] and 22 species of reptiles [2] known to occur in Yosemite National Park.

Amphibians

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  • Family: Newts Salamandridae
    • Sierra Newt (Taricha torosa sierrae) is a subspecies of the California newt. It is also referred to as the orange bellied newt. Sierra newts exist primarily in the Sierra Nevada. This is because they prefer less humid climates than the rough skinned newts. During the non-breeding season the newts are land dwelling, preferring rock crevices and logs.



  • Family: True Toads Bufonidae
    • Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas) more commonly known as Bufo boreas (both names accurate) is a large toad species, between 5.6 and 13 cm long, of western North America. The range of western toad extends from western British Columbia and southern Alaska south through Washington, Oregon, and Idaho to northern Baja California, Mexico; east to Montana, western and central Wyoming, Nevada, the mountains and higher plateaus of Utah, and western Colorado.[8] In the Pacific Northwest, the western toad occurs in mountain meadows and less commonly in Douglas-fir forests. [9]
    • Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus is a species of the true toad family Bufonidae (Anaxyrus is a subgenus of true toads, genus Bufo). Endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California, the toads range is located primarily in the Sierra National Forest and Yosemite National Park of the central Sierra Nevada. However, the long lived amphibian maybe found north of Ebbet's pass around the Blue Lakes area or as far south as Spanish Mountain. A.canorus is listed as a species of concern by the California department of Fish and Game, as well as a candidate for listed protection under the Endangered Species Act.[10]




Reptiles

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Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmota) -- CSC Coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum) Great Basin fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis longipes) Sierra fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis taylori) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) Gilbert's skink (Eumeces gilberti gilberti) California whiptail (Aspidosceolis tigris mundus) San Diego alligator lizard (Elgaria multicarinata webbii) Sierra alligator lizard (Elgaria coerulea palmeri) Coral-bellied ring-necked snake (Diadophis punctatus pulchellus) Sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis) Western yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor mormon) Chaparral striped racer (Coluber lateralis lateralis) California kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae) Sierra mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata multicincta) Sierra gartersnake (Thamnophis couchii) Mountain gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans elegans) Pacific gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer catenifer)

Reptiles

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  • Family: Boas Boidae
    • Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) are the most northerly of boa species. The distribution of Rubber Boas covers a large portion of the western United States, stretching from the Pacific Coast east to western Utah and Montana, as far south as the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains east of Los Angeles in California, and as far north as southern British Columbia. Rubber Boas have been known to inhabit a wide variety of habitat types from grassland, meadows and chaparral to deciduous and conifer forests, to high alpine settings. They can be found at elevations anywhere from sea level to over 10,000 feet (3,000 m).[24]



Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d "Yosemite National Park-Amphibian Species List". National Park Service. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
  2. ^ "Yosemite National Park-Reptile Species List". National Park Service. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
  3. ^ Grismer, L. Lee (2002). Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 56–7. ISBN 9780520224179.
  4. ^ a b Geoffrey Hammerson. (2004). "Batrachoseps gregarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59124A11886132. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59124A11886132.en. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b Geoffrey Hammerson. (2004). "Batrachoseps diabolicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59121A11885479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59121A11885479.en. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  6. ^ Wake, D. (1997) Incipient species formation in salamanders of the Ensatina complex Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 94:7761-7767
  7. ^ "Monterey Ensatina". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  8. ^ Stebbins, Robert C. (1951). Amphibians of western North America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  9. ^ Kricher, John C. (1993). A field guide to the ecology of western forests. The Peterson Field Guide Series No. 45. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780395467244.
  10. ^ Geoffrey Hammerson, Rob Grasso, Carlos Davidson. (2004). "Anaxyrus canorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T3180A9659674. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T3180A9659674.en. Retrieved 27 October 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Nash, Pat (February 2005). "The RRRRRRRRiveting Life of Tree Frogs". Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  12. ^ Robert N. Fisher and Ted J. Case, 2003
  13. ^ "Amphibiaweb-Rana boylii". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  14. ^ Igor Lacan, Kathleen Matthews, Krishna Feldman. "Interaction of an introduced predator with future effects of climate change in the recruitment dynamics of the imperiled Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (rana sierrae)" (PDF). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 3 (2): 211–223.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Hillis, D. M. (2007). "Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42 (2): 331–338. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. PMID 16997582.
  16. ^ a b Hillis, D. M. and Wilcox, T. P. (2005). "Phylogeny of the New World True Frogs (Rana)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (2): 299–314. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. PMID 15619443.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation.
  18. ^ Santos-Barrera, G., Hammerson, G., Hedges, B., Joglar, R., Inchaustegui, S., Lue Kuangyang, Chou Wenhao, Gu Huiqing, Shi Haitao, Diesmos, A., Iskandar, D., van Dijk, P.P., Masafumi Matsui, Schmidt, B., Miaud, C. & Martínez-Solano, I. (2009) Lithobates catesbeianus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
  19. ^ American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), Ontario Nature
  20. ^ Lithobates catesbeianus, USDA
  21. ^ Pauly, Greg B., Hillis, David M. & Cannatella, David C. (2009). "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names" (PDF). Herpetologica. 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031R1.1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Conant, R. (1958) A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.
  23. ^ "Yosemite National Park - Amphibians". National Park Service. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  24. ^ "All About The Rubber Boa Charina bottae, Natural History (and other info) of the Rubber Boa". All About The Rubber Boa Charina bottae. 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  25. ^ a b "Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha nuchalata - California Nightsnake". Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  26. ^ "Crotalus oreganus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 28 November 2006.
  27. ^ Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes. Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. ISBN 0-8014-0463-0.