Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable2

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 September 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
101	Pharmacognosy Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Pharmacognosy Research (22 in 22)	22	22	1.000
102	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences (10 in 10) The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences (11 in 11)	21	21	1.000
103	Research Square \| `{{doi\|10.21203}}` [—] Preprint service	Research Square (19 in 19) `doi=10.21203` Research Square (preprint) (1 in 1) Unpublished Preprint (1 in 1)	21	21	1.000
104	International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research \| `{{doi\|10.14299}}` [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (21 in 20)	21	20	1.050
105	Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (20 in 20)	20	20	1.000
106	Cellular and Molecular Biology [Beall's journal list]	Molecular biology Cellular and Molecular Biology (20 in 20)	20	20	1.000
107	Wikipedia:Deprecated sources [WP:DEPS § Currently deprecated sources]	Daily Mail (8 in 8) The Daily Mail (6 in 6) National Enquirer (3 in 1, 2, 3) The National Enquirer (1 in 1) Taki's Magazine (1 in 1) The Sun (United Kingdom) TV Mag (1 in 1)	20	20	1.000
108	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (20 in 19)	20	19	1.053
109	Allied Academies \| `{{doi\|10.35841}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Biomedical Research (8 in 8) Biomed Res (1 in 1) Biomed. Res. (2 in 1, 2) International Tinnitus Journal (1 in 1) Int Tinnitus J (2 in 1, 2) Int. Tinnitus J. (1 in 1) The International Tinnitus Journal (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	19	19	1.000
110	Calodema (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Calodema (19 in 19)	19	19	1.000
111	CESNUR [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#CESNUR.	CESNUR The Journal of CESNUR (19 in 18)	19	18	1.056
112	International Journal of Business and Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Business and Management (19 in 18)	19	18	1.056
113	International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies (18 in 18)	18	18	1.000
114	International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (18 in 18)	18	18	1.000
115	Jaypee Journals \| `{{doi\|10.5005}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.5005` Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (1 in 1) Indian Journal of Private Psychiatry (1 in 1) International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry (16 in 16)	18	18	1.000
116	PinkNews [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#PinkNews.	PinkNews (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Pink News (13 in 13)	18	18	1.000
117	Journal of Pharmacy Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmacy Research (18 in 17)	18	17	1.059
118	Oncoscience (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Oncology Oncoscience (18 in 17)	18	17	1.059
119	YouTube [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#YouTube.	YouTube (18 in 16)	18	16	1.125
120	European Journal of Science and Theology [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Science and Theology (17 in 17)	17	17	1.000
121	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (17 in 17)	17	17	1.000
122	Scientific & Academic Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.5923}}` [Beall's publisher list] Computer Science and Engineering could be a journal published by Korea Open Access Journals	Category:Scientific & Academic Publishing academic journals Architecture Research (1 in 1) Computer Science and Engineering (1 in 1) International Journal of Plant Research (1 in 1) Public Health Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Science and Technology (8 in 8) World Environment (1 in 1)	17	17	1.000
123	Kowsar Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.5812}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Kowsar Publishing Archives de l'Institut Razi (2 in 1, 2) Archives of Razi Institute (1 in 1) Iranian Journal of Pediatrics (8 in 7) Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences (1 in 1)	17	16	1.062
124	World Scientific News [Beall's journal list]	World Scientific News (17 in 16)	17	16	1.062
125	Core Evidence [Beall's journal list / update]	Core Evidence (14 in 14) Core Evid (2 in 1, 2)	16	16	1.000
126	Global Media Journal [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	Global Media Journal (16 in 16)	16	16	1.000
127	Journal of Holistic Nursing [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Holistic Nursing (16 in 16)	16	16	1.000
128	International Journal of Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sciences (16 in 15)	16	15	1.067
129	International Journal of Development Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Development Research (15 in 15)	15	15	1.000
130	Research (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Research (15 in 14)	15	14	1.071
131	IMDb [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#IMDb.	IMDb (15 in 13)	15	13	1.154
132	International Journal of Biomedical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Biomedical Science (14 in 14)	14	14	1.000
133	NeuroQuantology \| `{{doi\|10.14704}}` [See [1] and [2]]	NeuroQuantology (14 in 13)	14	13	1.077
134	Cryptozoology [Unreliable fields]	Cryptozoology (4 in 1, 2, 3) International Fortean Organization INFO (8 in 1, 2, 3, 4) The Critical Eye Critical Eye (2 in 1, 2)	14	9	1.556
135	Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (13 in 13)	13	13	1.000
136	Cardiology Academic Press [Beall's publisher list] Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Exp Clin Cardiol (1 in 1) Experimental and Clinical Cardiology (8 in 8)	13	13	1.000
137	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology [[3]] Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Exp Clin Cardiol (1 in 1) Experimental and Clinical Cardiology (8 in 8)	13	13	1.000
138	International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies (13 in 13)	13	13	1.000
139	arXiv \| `{{doi\|10.48550}}` [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#arXiv.	`doi=10.48550` ApJ (1 in 1) ArXiv (2 in 1, 2) Asteroids IV (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Cambridge University Press (1 in 1) European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (1 in 1) Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana (1 in 1) Pre-print (1 in 1) Quantum Information Processing (1 in 1)	13	13	1.000
140	Asian Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Chemistry (12 in 12)	12	12	1.000
141	Id Press \| `{{doi\|10.3889}}` [Beall's publisher list] Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (or OAMJMS) is indexed in DOAJ, however its reviewing process is still sub-par, having accepted this series of papers before retracting them after being caught in a sting.	`doi=10.3889` Open Access Maced J Med Sci. (1 in 1) Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (11 in 11)	12	12	1.000
142	International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences (12 in 12)	12	12	1.000
143	Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences (12 in 11)	12	11	1.091
144	ZDNET [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#ZDNet (October 2020-present).	ZDNET (2 in 1, 2) ZDNet (9 in 8) ZDNet News (1 in 1)	12	11	1.091
145	Muscle & Fitness [Quackwatch's list]	Muscle & Fitness (12 in 10)	12	10	1.200
146	Blaze Media [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blaze Media. Blaze could also refer to a kids magazine or the official magazine of the Calgary Flames.	Blaze Media The Blaze (magazine) Blaze Magazine (11 in 6) Conservative Review The Conservative Review (1 in 1)	12	7	1.714
147	European Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Sustainable Development (11 in 11)	11	11	1.000
148	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (11 in 11)	11	11	1.000
149	AlterNet [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#AlterNet.	AlterNet (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
150	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease [Beall's journal list]	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
151	International Journal of Medical Students [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Medical Students (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
152	Journal of Engineering Design [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Engineering Design (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
153	Twitter [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Twitter.	Twitter (11 in 7)	11	7	1.571
154	International Archives of Medicine [Beall's journal list] Acquired by iMedPub in 2015	International Archives of Medicine (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
155	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
156	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
157	International Journal of Science and Research \| `{{doi\|10.21275}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science and Research (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
158	International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
159	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
160	Science and Education (publisher) \| `{{doi\|10.12691}}` [Beall's publisher list] Not to be confused with Science & Education by Springer.	Science & Education Science and Education (9 in 9) `doi=10.12691` Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health (1 in 1)	10	10	1.000
161	Journal of International Oral Health [Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of International Oral Health (10 in 9)	10	9	1.111
162	Ethical Human Sciences and Services [Quackwatch's list]	Springer Publishing Ethical Human Sciences and Services (10 in 8)	10	8	1.250
163	Holocaust denial [Unreliable fields]	Chalcedon Foundation Chalcedon Report (2 in 1) Journal of Historical Review The Journal of Historical Review (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) SP (1 in 1) The Barnes Review (1 in 1) Barnes Review (2 in 1)	10	8	1.250
164	Integrative Medicine (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Alternative medicine Integrative Medicine (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
165	Journal of Young Pharmacists [RSN 310]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Young Pharmacists (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
166	The Experiment (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Experiment (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
167	Journal of Electrical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Electrical Engineering (9 in 8)	9	8	1.125
168	Wikinews [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Wikinews.	Wikinews (9 in 7)	9	7	1.286
169	Australasian Journal of Herpetology [Beall's journal list]	Raymond Hoser Australasian Journal of Herpetology (9 in 6)	9	6	1.500
170	World Nutrition [Beall's publisher list / update]	World Nutrition (9 in 6)	9	6	1.500
171	Counselor (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Counselor (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Counselor: The Magazine for Addiction Professionals (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	8	8	1.000
172	IJPUB - International Peer Reviewed, Open Access Journal [Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	IJCRT (6 in 6) International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (2 in 1, 2)	8	8	1.000
173	International Journal of Current Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Research (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
174	International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
175	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.22376}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
176	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
177	Journal of Software [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Software (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
178	Journal of Arts and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Arts and Humanities (8 in 7)	8	7	1.143
179	Ufology [Unreliable fields]	Ancient astronauts Ancient Astronauts (1 in 1) Futuro (1 in 1) James W. Moseley Saucer Smear (1 in 1) Ufology Ufologist (1 in 1) Wilhelm Reich Journal of Orgonomy (3 in 1) The Journal of Orgonomy (1 in 1)	8	6	1.333
180	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (8 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	8	5	1.600
181	An Phoblacht [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#An Phoblacht.	An Phoblacht (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
182	Australasian Medical Journal [Beall's journal list]	Pulsus Group Australasian Medical Journal (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
183	Discogs [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Discogs.	Discogs (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
184	Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business [Beall's journal list]	Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
185	International Digital Organization for Scientific Information \| `{{doi\|10.5829}}` [Beall's publisher list] Search for idosi.org Journal of Reproduction & Infertility likely refers to the non-predatory journal published by the Avicenna Research Institute	Category:International Digital Organization for Scientific Information academic journals Journal of Reproduction & Infertility (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
186	International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
187	International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
188	International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports and DOAJ, but sometimes riddled with grammatical mistakes.	International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
189	International Journal of Sanskrit Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sanskrit Research (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
190	Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (2 in 1, 2) Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	7	7	1.000
191	Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
192	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies [Beall's journal list]	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
193	Whole Living [Quackwatch's list] QW lists it under 'Body & Soul', a former name.	Whole Living Body & Soul (1 in 1) Body + Soul (1 in 1) New Age Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	7	7	1.000
194	International Journal of Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Research (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
195	Prevention (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Prevention (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Prevention Magazine (1 in 1)	7	6	1.167
196	Progress in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Progress in Physics (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
197	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
198	Facebook [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Facebook.	Facebook (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
199	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
200	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 11 September 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 1 September 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable1	Current Questionable2	→ Questionable3