Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 August 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
301	Daily Kos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Daily Kos.	Daily Kos (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
302	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
303	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
304	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
305	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine [Beall's journal list / update]	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
306	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
307	GRDS Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.20319}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20319` PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
308	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
309	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports.	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
310	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
311	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
312	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
313	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
314	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
315	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
316	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
317	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
318	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
319	International Journal of Electrochemical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electrochemical Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
320	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
321	International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (1 in 1) International Journal of Engineering Research and Application (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
322	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
323	International Journal of English and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English and Education (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
324	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
325	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
326	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science [Lying about DOAJ]	Center for Promoting Ideas International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
327	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
328	International Journal of Information Research and Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Information Research and Review (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
329	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
330	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
331	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
332	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
333	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
334	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
335	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
336	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
337	Journal of Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
338	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
339	Journal of Critical Reviews [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Critical Reviews (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
340	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
341	Journal of Experimental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
342	Journal of Information Management [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Information Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
343	Journal of Longevity [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Longevity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
344	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
345	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
346	Latitudes (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Latitude Latitudes (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
347	Libertas Academica [Beall's publisher list*] Listed on Beall's list in 2010, but later removed.	Libertas Academica Analytical Chemistry Insights (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
348	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
349	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods [Beall's journal list]	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
350	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
351	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
352	Sensors & Transducers Journal [Beall's journal list]	Sensors & Transducers Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
353	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
354	Fluoride (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Fluoride (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
355	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
356	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
357	Massage Therapy Journal [Quackwatch's list]	Massage Therapy Journal (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
358	Scholars Academic and Scientific Society [Beall's publisher list / update]	SAS Society AI & SOCIETY (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
359	AGU International Journal of Research in Social Science & Humanities [Beall's journal list / update]	AGU International Journal of Research in Social Science & Humanities AGU International Journal of Research in Social Sciences & Humanities (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
360	Academic Journals \| `{{doi\|10.5897}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.5897` African Journal of History and Culture (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
361	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [1]	ARC (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
362	Acta Advances in Agricultural Sciences [Beall's journal list]	AAAS A.A.A.S. JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies (1 in 1) JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
363	Advanced Materials Letters [Lying about DOAJ]	Advanced Materials Letters Advanced materials (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
364	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
365	Anadolu Agency [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Anadolu Agency, debatable for general topics, unreliable for controversial topics and international politics.	Anadolu Agency (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
366	Anglisticum [Beall's journal list]	Anglisticum (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
367	Annals of Clinical Case Reports [Beall's journal list]	Annals of Clinical Case Reports (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
368	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
369	British Journal (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	British Journal The British Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
370	Cancer Chronicles [Quackwatch's list]	Cancer Chronicles The Cancer Chronicles (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
371	Cancer Research Frontiers [Beall's journal list]	Cancer Research Frontiers (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
372	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
373	Caspian Sea Journal [Beall's journal list]	CSJ (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
374	Chemical Science Transactions [Beall's journal list]	Chemical Science Transactions (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
375	ClinMed International Library \| `{{doi\|10.23937}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23937` International Journal of Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
376	Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Advancement in Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
377	Clinics in Surgery [Beall's journal list]	Clinics in Surgery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
378	Communications on Applied Electronics [Beall's journal list]	Communications on Applied Electronics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
379	Cumhuriyet Science Journal \| `{{doi\|10.17776}}` [Beall's journal list]	Cumhuriyet Science Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
380	Current Neurobiology [Beall's journal list / update]	Current Neurobiology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
381	David Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.17265}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.17265` Journal of Life Sciences 1 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
382	ESSENCE: International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation [Beall's journal list]	Essence Essentia (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
383	European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
384	Find a Grave [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Find a Grave.	Find a Grave (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
385	Golden Research Thoughts [Beall's journal list]	Golden Research Thoughts (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
386	Hans Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.12677}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.12677` 世界生态学 (International Journal of Ecology) (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
387	HealthBeat [Quackwatch's list]	HealthBeat HEALTHbeat (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
388	Herald Scholarly Open Access \| `{{doi\|10.24966}}` · `{{doi\|10.52437}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.24966` Reproductive Medicine, Gynecology & Obstetrics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
389	Hilaris \| `{{doi\|10.37421}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.37421` Medicinal Chemistry (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
390	Hiperboreea Journal [Beall's journal list]	Hiperboreea Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
391	Indian Journal of Scientific Research [Beall's journal list]	Indian Journal of Scientific Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
392	Innovation (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Innovation (magazine) Innovation Magazine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
393	Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacotherapy [Beall's journal list]	IPP (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
394	Innovative Publication \| `{{doi\|10.18231}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.18231` IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
395	Institute of Strategic and International Studies [Beall's publisher list]	Institute of Strategic and International Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
396	Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business [Beall's journal list]	Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
397	International Education and Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Education and Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
398	International Journal for Innovation Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Innovation Education and Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
399	International Journal of Advanced Computer Research [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Advanced Computer Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
400	International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 24 August 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 August 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5