Wikipedia:Stanford Archive answers/Science

Biology

1. areas of Cohnheim -> "muscular fiber is divided into these polyhedral areas made up of transversely divided sarcostyles and surrounded by sarcoplasm."
2. Cluster determinant -> Cluster of antigens that antibodies react with that make up a cell surface marker.
3. Ghosh's mechanism -> mechanism that regulated development of mammalian brains discovered by Anirvan Ghosh
4. Guanine Nucleophile Binding proteins -> heterotrimeric signal involved in second messenger cascades that transducing molecules using the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate as a signaling mechanism.
5. Inducible system Inducible regulation The type of operon regulation in which the repressor binds to the operator, forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes. [1]
6. Little bags theory -> set of evolutionary theories, proposing that life evolved from the mixtures of organic chemicals that became trapped in tiny vesicles
7. Reverberating circuit - type of neuron pathway
8. Sclerenchyma sheath -> thick sclerenchymal fibers that surround the vascular bundle of dicots
9. Stasipatric speciation -> section needs to be added to speciation

Chemistry

1. Association colloid - "In association colloids molecules of soap or other surface-active substances are associated together to form small aggregates (micelles) in water." [2]
2. Buffering domain -> region during titration near the equivalence point when the titration curve slowly slopes before a sudden increase in slope.
3. Circular reaction -> 3 types of movements or actions that create their own repetition,and states that fugacity of each species in an ideal solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the species.
4. Cyclic ethers < could use a separate article
5. Fossil magnetism -> process where molten rock,called primary,from the vapor pressure can be computed."
6. Hot-spark spectroscopy -> type of elemental spectroscopy done by Robert Andrews Millikan that explores the spectrum between ultraviolet and X-rays.
7. Isocratic elution -> type of elution where solvent composition doesn't change. Other types include gradient elution
8. Knudsen Effusion method -> " This method for measuring small vapor pressures uses a cylinder with a hole in it as its namesake “cell”. The rate of effusion through the orifice is measured,and combinations.
9. Randall rule -> This simple law is the analog of Raoult’s Law for fugacity,stepwise elution,Sublimation nucleus < Meteorology: Any particle upon which an ice crystal may grow by the process of sublimation
10. Sigmatrophic shifts -> "Another class of pericyclic reactions is this one,his theory of acids and bases,i.e. which tend to attract and condense ambient water vapour.
11. steam regeneration -> process that increases the thermodynamic efficiency in a real Rankine cycle by heating the condensed working fluid with the high-temperature fluid in the boiler.
12. Sublimation nuclei,often resulting in high paramagnetism. [3]
13. Weak field - This is the term for ligands which result in less splitting between the HOMO and LUMO energies in the complex,secondary,usually continuing iron,which involves migration of a sigma bond that is flanked at either or both ends by conjugated pi-systems"
14. Werner's Coordination theory -> "This theory of coordination possesses three postulates: first, most elements exhibit a primary and secondary valence; second, every atom tends to satisfy primary and secondary valence; and third, the secondary valence is directed toward fixed directions in space" -?> Octahedral molecular geometry?
15. Cyclical process -> Any process that starts and ends in a particular state after undergoing other steps. Examples: Kreb cycle, thermodynamic cycle

Physics

1. Acceptor levels -> in solid-state physics, it's the energy level in semiconductors produced by acceptors, but it isn't mentioned in either article.
2. Charged Injection Device, charge-injection device, Charge Injection Device, Charged Injection Devices, Charge Injection Devices, Charge-Injection Devices, Charged-Injection Devices, Charged-Injection Device, CIM, cim -> an imaging device used in high energy density physics for space use.
3. Collision/Coalescence, Collision-Coalescence, Collision-Coalescence process, Collision Coalescence of Precipitation < see Cloud physics
4. Escape depth -> "Given a material s electron affinity or work function and its mean rate of electron energy loss this value the maximum distance from an emission surface at which an ejected photoelectron may be created can be calculated as a function of photon energy. This length is the critical design parameter for most photoelectronic systems and is on the order of nanometers for most materials."
5. Incoherent radiation -> "The type of radiation which is emitted from discrete sources with the same frequency, but with random phase relationships. It is emitted by all light sources except the laser."
6. Landau's ghost -> a problem in which renormalization fails for quantum field theories where asymptotic freedom does not exist due to the null observed charge resulting from the relationship of unrenormalized and actual charges in the limit of extremely high energies. It is named after Lev Landau
7. Lane's law -> astrophysics law that states that the contraction of a gaseous body, under the influence of gravity or otherwise, generates heat. see Lane–Emden equation
8. Rossby model -> modified Hadley Cell model, proposed by Carl-Gustaf Rossby that adds circulation at the poles.
9. Ten Inch Manipulator -> an imaging device used in high energy density physics "TIM". Standard diagnostic payload carrier for use in space
10. Terrestrial interference - Often, poor picture quality from satellite signals is due to TI. For 5 points, what does TI stand for? [4]