Wikipedia:WikiProject Australian history/Timeline

The Timeline of Australian history outlines historical events related to Australia.

Prehistory

50,000 BC: The first inhabitants are thought to have arrived in Australia. Article needed
42,000 BC: Aboriginal engravings dating back to this time have been found in South Australia. Article needed
35,000 BC: Aborigines are thought to have reached the southernmost part of the continent—what is now Tasmania.

Indigenous Australians prior to European Settlement

Exploration

Maritime Exploration

Main Article needed: European exploration of Australia prior to 1770

Dutch

1606 (March): The Dutch ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, explores the western coast of Cape York Peninsula. The first recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil.
1616: Dutch captain Dirk Hartog in the Eendracht makes the second recorded landfall by a European, at Dirk Hartog Island on the western coast of Australia. Leaves behind the Hartog plate.
1623: Dutch captain Jan Carstensz navigates the Gulf of Carpentaria aboard the Pera and Arnhem. The Arnhem crosses the Gulf to reach and name Groote Eylandt.
1642: Dutch explorer Abel Tasman explores the west coast of Tasmania, lands on its east coast and names the island Anton Vandiemenslandt.

Portuguese

1606 (August): seaman Luis Vaez de Torres sails through the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea, along the latter's southern coast. He may well have sighted the northernmost extremity of Australia, although this is not recorded. Torres reported 'shoals', some of which may have been the northernmost atolls of the Great Barrier Reef. The name 'Coste Dangereuse', for the tropical Queensland coast, appears on French charts.

English

1688: William Dampier explores the west coast of Australia.

Main Article: James Cook exploration

1770: English Lieutenant James Cook's expedition in HM Bark Endeavour charts the eastern coast.

Flemish

1696: Willem de Vlamingh charts the southwestern coast of Australia, making landfall at Rottnest Island and the site of the present-day city of Perth.

1792: Two French ships, La Recherche and L'Espérance, anchor in what was named Recherche Bay, near the southernmost point of Tasmania at a time when England and France were vying to be the first to discover and colonise Australia.
- A separate article on the race between England and France to colonise Australia would be interesting, if we can get enough material together.

1931 - Sir Douglas Mawson charts 4,000 miles of Antarctic coastline and claims 42% of the icy mass for Australia

Land Exploration

Main Article: Explorers of Australia

Matthew Flinders

1806: completes the first circumnavigation of the continent.

Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth

1813: cross the Blue Mountains.

John Oxley

1817: charts the Lachlan River.
1818: charts the Macquarie River.

Charles Sturt

1828: charts the Darling River.
1830: arrives at Goolwa, having charted the Murray River.

John McDouall Stuart

1860: reaches the centre of the continent.
1862: reaches Port Darwin, founding a settlement there.

Burke and Wills

1861: The ill-fated expedition occurs.

1873: Uluru is first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock.

European Australia

Australia as a Nation

Main Article: Founding of Australia===

1824: Bathurst and Melville Islands are annexed.
1829: The whole of Australia is claimed as British territory.
1889: Sir Henry Parkes delivers the Tenterfield Oration.
1890: The Australian Federation Conference calls a constitutional convention.
1891: A National Australasian Convention meets, agrees on adopting the name "the Commonwealth of Australia" and drafting a constitution.
1891: The first attempt at a federal constitution is drafted.
1891: The Convention adopts the constitution, although it has no legal status
1893: The Corowa Conference (the "people's convention") calls on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony.
1895: The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agree to implement the Corowa proposals.
1896: The Bathurst Conference (the second "people's convention") meets to discuss the 1891 draft constitution
1897: In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention meets (with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present). They agree to adopt a constitution based on the 1891 draft, and then revise and amend it later that year.
1898: The Convention agrees on a final draft to be put to the people.
1898: After much public debate, the Victorian, South Australian and Tasmanian referendums are successful; the New South Wales referendum narrowly fails. Later New South Wales votes "yes" in a second referendum, and Queensland and Western Australia also vote to join.

1900 - Several delegates visit London to resist proposed changes to the agreed-upon constitution
1900 - The constitution is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a schedule to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, and is given royal assent
1901 - Australia becomes a federation on January 1. Edmund Barton becomes Prime Minister; Lord Hopetoun becomes Governor-General
1901 - The first parliament meets in Parliament House, Melbourne
1902 - The Franchise Act guarantees women the right to vote in federal elections (by this stage, most states had already done this). However, it excludes most non-European ethnic groups, including Aboriginal people.

Australian Capital Territory

Main Article: History of ACT

1899: The decision is made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within 100 miles of Sydney.

1904 - A site at Dalgety, New South Wales chosen for the new national capital
1908 - The Dalgety proposal for the national capital is revoked, and Canberra is chosen instead
1912 - Walter Burley Griffin wins a design competition for the new city of Canberra
1913 - The foundation stone for the city of Canberra is put in place
1927 - The tenth parliament is formally opened in Canberra, finalising the move to the new capital

New South Wales

Main Article: Penal Colony of New South Wales

1788: The First Fleet from England under Arthur Phillip arrives in Australia and founds first European settlement and penal colony at Sydney Cove (Sydney).
1804: Castle Hill convict rebellion also known as the second Battle of Vinegar Hill
1808: The Rum Rebellion

Norfolk Island

1788: An English settlement is founded at Norfolk Island.
1855: The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceases.

1883: Silver is discovered at Broken Hill

1932 - The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens

Tasmania

Main Article: Settlement in Tasmania/Van Dieman's Land

1804: A settlement is founded at Risdon on the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land by Lt Bowen.
1804: The settlement is moved to Sullivan's Cove in Van Diemen's Land (now Hobart in Tasmania) by Colonel David Collins.
1833: The penal settlement of Port Arthur is founded in Van Dieman's Land.

Queensland

Main Article: History of Queensland/Moreton Bay

1824: A penal colony is founded at Moreton Bay, now the city of Brisbane.
1859: Queensland separates from New South Wales.
1867: Gold is discovered at Gympie, Queensland.

Western Australia

Main Article: History of Western Australia

1829 - The settlement of Perth is founded.
1850: Western Australia becomes a penal colony.
1867: The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceases.

1892: Gold is discovered at Coolgardie, Western Australia.
1929 - Western Australia celebrates its centenary
1933 - Western Australia votes at a rerefendum to secede from the Commonwealth, but the vote is ignored by both the Commonwealth and British governments

Victoria

Main Article: History of Victoria

1835: John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner establish a settlement at Port Phillip, now the city of Melbourne.
1851: Victoria separates from New South Wales.
1851: The Victorian gold rush starts when gold is found at Summerhill Creek and Ballarat.
1853: Anti-Gold Licence Association formed at Bendigo and the Bendigo Petition presented to Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobe
1854: The Eureka Stockade
1880: Parliamentarians in Victoria become the first in Australia to be paid for their work.

South Australia

Main Article: History of South Australia

1836: Province of South Australia proclaimed
1845: Copper is discovered at Burra in South Australia.
1863: South Australia takes control of the new Northern Territory.

Northern Territory

1911 - The Northern Territory comes under Commonwealth control, being split off from South Australia

New Guinea

1906 - Australia takes control of south-eastern New Guinea

Institutions

From the context of history, these events may not require individual history articles

Banks

1817: Australia's first bank the Bank of New South Wales opens in Macquarie Place, Sydney. (Became Westpac in 1982)

Charities

1922 - The Smith Family charity is founded in Sydney

Newspapers

1831: Sydney Herald (later to become The Sydney Morning Herald) first published.

Educational Institutions

1850: Australia's first university, the University of Sydney, is founded.

Infrastructure

From the context of history, these events may not require individual history articles

Communications

1858: Sydney and Melbourne linked by Electric Telegraph.
1872: Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opens.

Railway

1883: The opening of the Sydney-Melbourne railway
1889: The completion of the railway network between Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.

Air Travel

1909 - The first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made.
1920 - The airline Qantas is founded
1928 - Bert Hinkler makes the first successful flight from Britain to Australia, and Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first flight from the United States to Australia

Electricity

1949 - Construction of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme begins

Culture

1895: Waltzing Matilda is first sung in public, in Winton, Queensland
1895: Banjo Paterson publishes The Man from Snowy River

1908 - Dorothea Mackellar publishes My Country
1923 - Vegemite is first produced
1926 - The first Miss Australia contest is held
1916 - Hotels are forced to close at 6 p.m., leading to the beginning of the "six o'clock swill"
1937 - The radio series Dad and Dave begins
1943 - Australia wins its first Oscar, with cinematographer Damien Parer being honoured for his coverage of the war
1955 - Hotels in New South Wales no longer have to close at 6 p.m., ending the "six o'clock swill"
1959 - The Sidney Myer Music Bowl is opened;

Sports

1887: An Australian cricket team is established, defeating Britain in the first Ashes series.

1912 - Australia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time
1915 - Surfing is first introduced to Australia
1930 - Don Bradman scores a record 452 not out in one cricket innings
1930 - Phar Lap wins his first Melbourne Cup
1938 - Sydney hosts the Empire Games, the forerunner to the Commonwealth Games
1945 - The Sydney-Hobart Yacht Race is held for the first time
1956 - Melbourne holds the Summer Olympics

Law and Crime

1880: The bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged.

1903 - The High Court of Australia is established
1942 - The UK Statute of Westminster is formally adopted by Australia. The Statute formally grants Australia (along with New Zealand, South Africa, and the Irish Free State) the right to pass laws that conflict with UK laws.
1944 - The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is introduced, providing subsidised medicine to all Australians
1948 - Australia becomes a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1949 - Indigenous Australians who are eligible to vote in State Elections in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania are also given the right to vote in Federal Elections.
1949 - The Nationality and Citizenship Act is passed. Rather than being identified as subjects of Britain, the Act established Australian citizenship for people who met eligibility requirements.
1951 - Voters reject a referendum to change the Constitution to allow the Menzies Government to ban the Communist Party
1951 - Australia signs the ANZUS treaty with the United States and New Zealand

1959: Australia becomes a signatory to the International Antarctic Treaty

1962 - Indigenous Australians gain the right to vote in all states except Queensland; Australia enters the Vietnam War

Economy

1891: A severe depression hits Australia

1929: The Great Depression hits Australia.

Politics

Political Parties

1879: The first congress of trade unions is held.
1899: The Australian Labor Party holds office for a few days in Queensland, becoming the first trade union party to do so anywhere in the world.

Elections and Governance

1903 - Alfred Deakin elected Prime Minister
1904 - Chris Watson forms the first federal Labor (minority) government
1910 - Andrew Fisher forms the first federal majority Labor government.
1916 - The Labor government under Billy Hughes splits over conscription. First referendum on conscription is rejected
1917 - Second referendum on conscription is rejected
1921 - Edith Cowan becomes the first woman elected to an Australian parliament
1929 - Labor returns to office under James Scullin.

War and Military

1903 - The Defence Act gives the federal government full control over the Australian Army
1911 - The Royal Australian Navy is founded
1932 - the Labor government falls and Joseph Lyons becomes Prime Minister
1939 - Lyons dies in office and is succeeded by Robert Menzies
1941 - Labor comes to power under John Curtin
1945 - Curtin dies in office and is succeeded by Ben Chifley
1949 - Menzies returns to power as leader of the new Liberal Party

Boer War

1902 - Breaker Morant is executed for having shot Boers who had surrendered

World War 1

1914 - Australian soldiers are sent to the First World War. This was first time Australians had fought under the Australian flag.
1915 - Australian soldiers land at Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey
1918 - first world war ends

World War 2

1939 - Australia enters the Second World War
1939 - The first flight is made by an Australian-made warplane, the Wirraway
1942-43 - Japanese planes make almost 100 attacks against sites in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland. (See also: Japanese air attacks on Australia, 1942-43)

Korean War

1950 - Australian troops are sent to the Korean War, as well as to fight a communist insurgency in Malaya

Vietnam War

Returned and Services League

1916 - The Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia, the forerunner to the Returned and Services League is founded

Statistics History

1911 - The first national census is conducted

Sciences

Pharmaceuticals

1940 - A team of scientists, under Howard Florey, develops penicillin

Biology

1936 - The last Thylacine dies

Natural Disasters

1939 - Victoria is devastated by the Black Friday bushfires

International Relations

1945 - Australia becomes a founding member of the United Nations
1946 - An Australian, Norman Makin, is voted in as the first President of the United Nations Security Council.
1948 - Australian Minister for External Affairs, Dr. H.V. Evatt is elected President of the United Nations General Assembly.

Immigration

1946 - Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell introduces the major post-war immigration scheme

Uncategorised

1942 - National daylight saving is introduced as a war time measure.
1952 - First nuclear test conducted in Australian territory by the United Kingdom off the coast of Western Australia.
1954 - Elizabeth II and Prince Philip make a royal visit;

1952: the Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov defects, leading to the Petrov Affair and another split in the Labor Party

1960s

1964 - The Beatles tour Australia; 82 sailors die when HMAS Voyager sinks after being rammed by HMAS Melbourne;

1964: the editors of Oz magazine are charged with obscenity; 1964: PM Robert Menzies announces the reintroduction of compulsory military service for men 18-25

1965 - Indigenous Australians gain right to vote in state of Queensland

1966 - The ban on the employment of married women in the Commonwealth Public Service is lifted; Menzies retires as Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister and is succeeded by Harold Holt; Decimal Currency introduced.

1967 - large areas of Hobart and south-eastern Tasmania are devastated by bushfires on 7 February that kill 62 people; Prime Minister Holt drowns and is succeeded by John Gorton; Aboriginal Australians gain the right to citizenship after a referendum to allow the federal government to legislate for them is supported by over 90% of the population; Sydney is rocked by a series of brutal underworld killings; talkback radio is introduced; British comedian Tony Hancock commits suicide in Sydney; Gough Whitlam becomes leader of the Labor Party

1968 - Australia signs the nuclear non-proliferation treaty; Aboriginal boxing champion Lionel Rose defeats Masahiko "Fighting" Harada in Japan to become the world bantamweight champion; Australia's first liver transplant operation is performed in Sydney;

1969 - French conceptual artist Christo 'wraps' Little Bay in Sydney; renowned author-artists Norman Lindsay and May Gibbs die; the Australian production of the rock musical Hair premieres in Sydney; top pop groups The Easybeats and The Twilights break up; Tim Burstall directs2000 Weeks, the first all-Australian feature released since Charles Chauvel's Jedda in 1958

1970s

1970 - More than 200,000 people participate in the largest demonstrations in Australian history, against the Vietnam War
1971 - Neville Bonner becomes the first Aboriginal to become an Australian Member of Parliament; John Gorton resigns and is succeeded by William McMahon
1971 - The 1971 Springbok tour sparks protest all throughout Australia. Premier of Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen declares a state of emergency in QLD in response to escalating protest.
1972 - The Commonwealth Arbitration Commission rules that women doing the same job as men have the right to be paid the same wage.
1972 - The first Labor government since 1949 is elected under the leadership of Gough Whitlam
1972 - Australia recognises the People's Republic of China
1973 - The Sydney Opera House is opened
1973 - The federal voting age is dropped from 21 to 18
1973 - Unionists save the historic "The Rocks" area of Sydney from demolition by introducing "Green Bans"
1973 - Patrick White becomes the first Australian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
1974 - Darwin is devastated by Cyclone Tracy
1975 - A constitutional crisis occurs when Malcolm Fraser's opposition blocks supply, bringing the nation to a standstill until Governor-General John Kerr dismisses Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Fraser wins elections and becomes Prime Minister
1975 - The 'Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act removes the right to appeal High Court decisions to the British Privy Council. Appeals to the Privy Coucil direct from State Supreme Courts remain until 1988.
1975 - South Australia becomes the first state in Australia to legalise homosexuality between consenting adults in private.
1977 - New South Wales Becomes the first state in Australia to outlaw discrimination in the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 on the basis of actual or perceived homosexuality.
1977 - Advance Australia Fair becomes Australia's official national anthem
1978 - The first Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras kicks off in Sydney - People were arrested.
1978 - The Australian Capital Territory legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private.
1979 - Australian women win the right to maternity leave
1979 - Kakadu National Park and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park are both proclaimed.

1980

1981 - Victoria legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private and also is the first State in Australia to have a Uniform Age of Consent for everyone in Australia.
1977 - New South Wales Becomes the first state in Australia to outlaw discrimination in the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 on the basis of actual or perceived homosexuality.
1983 - Australia wins the America's Cup; Bob Hawke defeats Fraser and leads Labor back to government
1984 - New South Wales and the Northern Territory legalise homosexuality between consenting adults {over 18 only} in private.
1985 - The government grants the freehold title of a large area of land in central Australia, including prominent landmarks Uluru and Kata Tjuta, to the Mutitjulu people, who in turn give them a 99-year lease
1986 - The Australia Act removes the right of appeal from State courts to the British Privy Council, making the High Court the final court of appeal in Australia. The Act also removes all remaining rights of the UK parliament to pass law for Australia.
1987 - Hoddle Street Massacre kills 7 victims and injures 19
1987 - Queen Street Massacre kills 8 victims and injures 5
1988 - Australia celebrates its bicentenary, with large celebrations and major funding for capital works projects
1988 - The new Parliament House opens
1989 - Western Australia legalises homosexuality between consenting adults {over 21 only} in private.
1989 - A 5.6 magnitude earthquake strikes Newcastle on 28 December, killing 13 and injuring more than 160 people.

1990s

1991 - Queensland legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private and also maintains a Sodomy Law for people under 18.
1991 - Hawke is replaced by Paul Keating
1991 - Seven people die in the Strathfield massacre
1991 - Prominent heart surgeon Victor Chang is gunned down
1991 - The Coode Island chemical storage facility in Melbourne explodes, leaving a toxic cloud hanging over the city for days
1992 - New South Wales Premier Nick Greiner resigns after a corruption inquiry finds against him
1993 - The High Court delivers the Mabo Decision, which rules that indigenous native title does exist. This effectively extinguishes the concept of terra nullius.
1993 - Keating defeats John Hewson in an election that had been widely described as being "unwinnable" for him; the Australian Greens stand candidates for the first time
1995 - The Northern Territory legalises voluntary euthanasia, but it is overruled by the federal government when Liberal MP Kevin Andrews proposes the Euthanasia Laws Bill 1996
1996 - The High Court hands down the Wik Decision, which holds that indigenous native title can survive the granting of pastoral leases.
1996 - Liberal John Howard becomes Prime Minister, defeating Paul Keating after a record 13 years of Labor government
1996 - All Australian states and territories agree to introduce uniform gun laws following the deaths of 35 people in the Port Arthur massacre
1997 - Expelled Liberal MP Pauline Hanson forms the One Nation Party
1997 - On 1 May 1997 Tasmania finally legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private after a nine-year battle, the last Australian state to do so, also maintaining a law so there is 'constituting no defence' in the age of consent law(s) when it comes to male homosexuality and anal sex only.
1997 - Eighteen people die when the Bimbadene and Carinya Lodges collapse at Thredbo Alpine Village at 11.30 p.m. on 30 July
1998 - A major strike results when Patrick Stevedores attempt to introduce non-union labour to reduce the influence of the Maritime Union of Australia
1998 - The Australian Stock Exchange is demutualised and floated as a public company, becoming the world’s first stock exchange to be listed on an exchange.
1999 - Both houses of the federal parliament pass a motion signifying both recognition of and regret at past treatment of indigenous Australians.
1999 - A referendum on changing to a republic is unsuccessful
1999 - Australian soldiers are deployed to East Timor as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping force

2000s

2000 - Sydney holds the [[2000 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]
2001 - John Howard is re-elected after the Tampa affair and Children overboard affair occur as part of a crackdown on illegal immigration
2001 - Western Australia now has a uniform age of consent at 16 for everyone.
2002 - On 12 October, 2002 bombs explode in a Bali nightclub and bar killing 202 people, including 88 Australians.
2003 - Australian military deployed to participate in the Iraq War.
2003 - The Northern Territory now has a uniform age of consent set at 16 for everyone.
2003 - New South Wales becomes the last state to have a uniform age of consent at 16 for everyone.
2004 - A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.
2004 - The John Howard led conservative Liberal and National Party coalition wins its fourth term in office after defeating the Mark Latham lead Australian Labor Party at the federal election.
2005 - Sixteen people are charged with planning terrorist attacks in Sydney and Melbourne
2005 - Sydney beachside suburb of Cronulla sees racially charged riots.
2006 - The Commonwealth Games are held in Melbourne.
2006 - Australian Forces are again deployed to East Timor to help stabilize the country.