1820s
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1790s 1800s 1810s – 1820s – 1830s 1840s 1850s |
| Years: | 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
The 1820s decade ran from January 1, 1820, to December 31, 1829.
[edit] Events and trends
- Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade:
- Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821–1827).
- Several countries declared their independence from Spain and Portugal:
- The Republic of Gran Colombia under President Simón Bolívar (1819–1828) expands over South America
- Mexico (1821)
- Brazil (1822)
- The United Provinces of Central America were formed in 1823.
- Invention of the photograph and the first still existing photograph taken in 1826.
- United States (1825) The Erie Canal opens – passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie and the Ohio and Erie Canal is dug to extend settlement access and commercial traffic to the Ohio River.
- Temperance movement emerges in U.S.
- Americo-Liberians begin to settle in the Colony of Liberia with the support of the American Colonization Society
- World's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opens to the public in 1825.
- Beethoven's Ninth Symphony premiers on May 7, 1824 in the Kärntnertortheater in Vienna.
[edit] World leaders
- Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Afghanistan)
- Supreme director José Rondeau (Argentina)
- Acting supreme Manuel Dorrego (Argentina)
- General Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina)
- Emperor Francis II (Austria)
- Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)
- Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah (Bahrain)
- Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah (Bahrain)
- Administrative leader Tendzin Drugdra (Bhutan)
- Administrative leader Choki Gyaltshen (Bhutan)
- President Simón Bolívar (Bolivia)
- President Antonio José de Sucre (Bolivia)
- President José María Pérez (Bolivia)
- President José Miguel de Velasco (Bolivia)
- President Pedro Blanco (Bolivia)
- President Andrés de Santa Cruz (Bolivia)
- Emperor Pedro I (Brazil)
- Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Brunei)
- Sultan Muhammad Alam (Brunei)
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (Brunei)
- King Ang Chan II (Cambodia)
- President Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile)
- President Agustín Eyzaguirre (Chile)
- Provisional triumvirate of the three provinces Congreso de Plenipotenciarios (Chile)
- Interim Supreme Director Ramón Freire (Chile)
- Acting Supreme Director Diego José Benavente (Chile)
- President Manuel Blanco Encalada (Chile)
- President Francisco Antonio Pinto (Chile)
- President Francisco Ramón Vicuña (Chile)
- President José Tomás Ovalle (Chile)
- Emperor Daoguang (China)
- President Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia)
- King Frederick VI (Denmark)
- Governor Muḩammad ‘Alī (Egypt)
- Emperor Iyoas II (Ethiopia)
- Emperor Gigar (Ethiopia)
- Emperor Baeda Maryam III (Ethiopia)
- President José Cecilio del Valle (Federal Republic of Central America)
- President Manuel José Arce (Federal Republic of Central America)
- President José Francisco Barrundia (Federal Republic of Central America)
- King Louis XVIII (Restoration France)
- King Charles X (Restoration France)
- Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias (Greece)
- King Henri Christophe (Haiti)
- President Jean Pierre Boyer (Haiti)
- Pope Pius VII
- Pope Leo XII
- Shogun Tokugawa Ienari (Japan)
- Khan Omar Beg (Kokand)
- Khan Mohammed Ali (Kokand)
- Emperor Sunjo (Korea)
- Emir Jaber I Al-Sabah (Kuwait)
- Emperor Agustín de Iturbide (Mexico)
- President Guadalupe Victoria (Mexico)
- President Vicente Guerrero (Mexico)
- President José María Bocanegra (Mexico)
- President Pedro Vélez (Mexico)
- Sultan Slimane (Morocco)
- Sultan Abderrahmane (Morocco)
- Padshah Akbar II (Mughal Empire)
- Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
- King Frederick William III (Prussia)
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Sikh Empire, Punjab)
- Emperor Alexander I (Russia)
- Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)
- King Victor Emmanuel I (Sardinia)
- King Charles Felix (Sardinia)
- King Rama II (Siam)
- King Rama III (Siam)
- King Ferdinand VII (Spain)
- King Charles XIV John (Sweden)
- Pasha Yusuf Karamanli (Tripoli)
- King George IV (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- King William I (United Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- President James Monroe (United States)
- President John Quincy Adams (United States)
- Emperor Minh Mang (Vietnam)
