Canary Wharf

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Canary Wharf from Cabot Square

Canary Wharf, from a high-level walkway on Tower Bridge

Canary Wharf as viewed from the south-west. From left to right are the Reuters Building, 1 Canada Square, Citigroup Centre, Canary Wharf tube station below and 10 Upper Bank Street.

Canary Wharf is a large business and shopping development in East London, located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, centred on the old West India Docks in the London Docklands.

Rivalling London's traditional financial centre, The Square Mile, Canary Wharf contains the UK's three tallest buildings: One Canada Square (sometimes known as the Canary Wharf Tower) at 235.1 m (774 ft); followed by 8 Canada Square and the Citigroup Centre, both at 199.5 m (654 ft).^[1]

[edit] History

Canary Wharf is built on the site of the West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs. From 1802, the area was one of the busiest docks in the world. By the 1950s, the port industry began to decline, leading to the docks closing by 1980.^[2]

Canary Wharf itself takes its name from No. 32 berth of the West Wood Quay of the Import Dock. This was built in 1936 for Fruit Lines Ltd, a subsidiary of Fred Olsen Lines for the Mediterranean and Canary Island fruit trade. At their request, the quay and warehouse were given the name Canary Wharf.^[3]

The Canary Wharf of today began when Michael von Clemm, former chairman of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), came up with the idea to convert Canary Wharf into back office. Further discussions with G Ware Travelstead led to proposals for a new business district. However, Travelstead was unable to fund his project^[4] and sold it to Olympia & York.

Construction began in 1988 with the first buildings completed in 1991 which included One Canada Square that became the UK's tallest building and a powerful symbol of the regeneration of Docklands. Upon opening, the London commercial property market had collapsed and Olympia and York Canary Wharf Limited filed for bankruptcy in May 1992.

[edit] Local opposition

The idea of a new financial services district was not popular with local residents as the expectation was that the development would provide no local jobs or transport improvements. However, over the course of the development relations with the local community have improved and more than 7,000 local (Tower Hamlets) residents work at Canary Wharf.

In 1997, some residents living on the Isle of Dogs launched a lawsuit against Canary Wharf Ltd which reached the House of Lords (Hunter v. Canary Wharf [1997] AC 665). They sued for private nuisance because the tower caused interference with television signals from the BBC transmitter in Crystal Palace until a relay transmitter was built to overcome these problems. The court found against the appellants (Hunter and others) as private nuisance legislation generally concerns 'emanations' from land, not interference with such emanations.^[5]

[edit] Rescue and recovery

In December 1995 an international consortium, backed by the former owners of Olympia & York and other investors, bought the scheme. The new company was called Canary Wharf Limited, and later became Canary Wharf Group.

Recovery in the property market generally, coupled with continuing demand for high floor-plate grade A office accommodation, slowly improved the level of interest in the estate. A critical event in the recovery of Canary Wharf was the much-delayed start of work on the Jubilee Line, which the government wanted ready for the Millennium celebrations.

In March 2004 Canary Wharf Group plc was forced to be taken over by a consortium of investors led by Morgan Stanley using a vehicle named Songbird Estates to buy Canary Wharf Group in a bitter attempt to overtake the one development the bank has always cast their eyes on since moving to the wharf.

[edit] Present day

Canary Wharf tenants include major banks, such as HSBC and Citigroup, law firms such as Clifford Chance, as well as news media and service firms, including Thomson Reuters, and the Daily Mirror.

At the end of 2007 the official number of people employed on the estate was 93,000, of whom around 25% live in the surrounding five boroughs. Increasingly Canary Wharf is becoming a shopping destination, particularly with the opening of the Jubilee Place shopping centre in 2004, taking the total number of shops to more than 200 and increasing employment in retail to around 4,500. About 500,000 people each week shop at Canary Wharf.

A panoramic view of Canary Wharf from Stave Hill.

[edit] Future developments

This article contains information about expected future buildings or structures. Some or all of this information may be speculative, and the content may change as building construction begins.

In 2009, Canary Wharf is surrounded by towers

Future developments are:

[edit] Open spaces

Canary Wharf has 5 open spaces. These are Canada Square, Jubilee Park, Cabot Square, Westferry Circus and Churchill Place.

[edit] Significance and impact

The most immediate impact of Canary Wharf has been to substantially increase land values in the surrounding area. This means that the Isle of Dogs, which had previously been seen as suited for low-density light industrial development, has been up-rated. Projects such as South Quay Plaza and West India Quay are a direct consequence of this. At the peak of property prices in 2007, the HSBC building sold for a record £1.1 billion.^[6]

At the metropolitan level, Canary Wharf was, and remains, a direct challenge to the primacy of the City of London as the UK's principal centre for the finance industry. Relations between Canary Wharf and the City of London Corporation have frequently been strained, with the City accusing Canary Wharf of poaching tenants, and Canary Wharf accusing the City of not catering to occupier needs.

Canary Wharf's national significance comes from what it replaces: the former docks were, as recently as 1961, the busiest in the world. They served huge industrial areas of east London and beyond. Both the docks and much of that industrial capacity are gone, with employment shifting to the service industry accommodated in office buildings. In this respect, Canary Wharf could be cited as the strongest single symbol of the changed economic geography of the United Kingdom.

[edit] Use in Culture and Entertainment

Canary Wharf played a big part in two episodes of the new Doctor Who series, Army of Ghosts and Doomsday (Doctor Who). Canary Wharf was the headquarters of the alien defense organization Torchwood. It also the site of a battle between the alien forces of the Daleks and the Cybermen. The Film 28 Weeks Later was also filmed here and the story revolved around repopulating London, using the Isle of Dogs and Canary Wharf to do so after the UK population had died due to an outbreak of a virus.

Canary Wharf now boasts its own symphony orchestra - Docklands Sinfonia - which was founded in January 2009 by conductor Spencer Down. Down has said he wants the orchestra, which is based at St Anne's Limehouse to be a 'major cultural force' for the Canary Wharf Area. Ahead of the orchestra's first rehearsal, the East London Advertiser remarked the area would soon have "its own posh symphony orchestra to rival anything in the West End ‘culture belt".^[7]

[edit] References and notes

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Canary Wharf

• Canary Wharf - what's on
• Canary Wharf Group plc
• Canary Wharf projects on Skyscrapernews

Coordinates: 51°30′13″N 0°01′06″W / 51.50361°N 0.01833°W / 51.50361; -0.01833