Greta Fryxell

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Greta Fryxell
Born
Greta Albrecht

November 21, 1926
Princeton, New Jersey
DiedSeptember 24, 2017(2017-09-24) (aged 90)
Claremont, California
Alma materTexas A&M University
Scientific career
ThesisMorphology, taxonomy, and distribution of selected diatom species of Thalassiosira Cleve in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctic waters (1975)
Doctoral advisorSayed El-Sayed

Greta Albrecht Fryxell (November 21, 1926 – September 24, 2017) was a marine scientist known for her work on the biology and taxonomy of diatoms. In 1996, she was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Education and career[edit]

Fryxell graduated summa cum laude from Augustana College in 1948 and then taught in junior high schools in Iowa. She was one of the first women admitted to Texas A&M University where she first earned a masters in education in 1969.[1] In 1975, she earned her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University working on the taxonomy of select diatoms.[2] Fryxell worked at Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin.[3][4]

Research[edit]

Fryxell is known for her research on phytoplankton, especially diatoms, where she combined investigations of laboratory cultures with samples collected from a variety of locations including the North Atlantic,[5] Gulf of Mexico,[6] and Antarctica.[1] She established a framework for phytoplankton taxonomy and, on her 70th birthday, the Fryxelliella genus of diatoms was named after her to acknowledge her work on diatom taxonomy and biology.[7][8]

In 1970, Fryxell worked with Grethe Rytter Hasle to describe a means to prepare diatom samples for microscopy.[9] They would go on to jointly publish many species descriptions [10][11][12] As a part of her graduate work with Sayed El-Sayed, Fryxell described the diatoms in a sample collected by the Shackelton expedition on 20 August 1908; the sample was collected from 50 to 80 fathoms near Cape Royds, Ross Island.[13] She has described chain-forming diatoms[14] and the evolution of diatoms.[15] In the North Atlantic Ocean, she examined diatoms in Gulf Stream warm core rings [16][17][18] and how the warm core rings alter the distribution of diatoms.[19] In Antarctica, she examined phytoplankton found in Antarctic pack ice.[20][21] Fryxell's research includes investigations into multiple species of Pseudo-nitzschia,[22] and their role in toxin production in the Gulf of Mexico[23] and the west coast of the United States.[24][25] She has also worked on diatoms that produce domoic acid.[26]

The standard author abbreviation G.A.Fryxell is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[27]

Selected publications[edit]

Awards and honors[edit]

In 1997, the Genus Fryxelliella was named in honor of Fryxell's work on diatoms.[28][29] Other phytoplankton named after Fryxell include Actinocyclus fryxelliae Barron,[30] Poloniasira fryxelliana I. Kaczmarska & J.M. Ehrman,[31] and Thalassiosira fryxelliae.[32] In 1988, she received the Provasoli Award[33] of the Phycological Society of America for a paper she co-authored with A. Michelle Wood and Russell Lande.[34] In 1996, she received the Phycological Society of America's Award of Excellence.[35][3] She also received a Distinguished Achievement Award in Research from Texas A&M's Former Students' Association (1991)[36] and was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1996.[37][38] In 2008, there was a festschrift in her honor.[39][40][41]

Personal life[edit]

She married the botanist Paul Fryxell in 1947.[1] Three of her children contributed to the 2008 festschrift in her honor: Karl J Fryxell, Joan E. Fryxell, and Glen E. Fryxell.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Medlin, Linda K. (2018-01-02). "Obituary – Greta A. Fryxell". Diatom Research. 33 (1): 123–133. Bibcode:2018DiaRe..33..123M. doi:10.1080/0269249X.2017.1419988. ISSN 0269-249X. S2CID 90844546.
  2. ^ Fryxell, Greta A (1975). Morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of selected diatom species of Thalassiosira Cleve in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctic waters (Thesis). OCLC 42675078.
  3. ^ a b "NEWS FROM The University of Texas at Austin MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE". The Lazarette Gazette. Vol. 5, no. 12. 23 August 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Greta Fryxell Honored". Phycological Society of America. September 1, 2008. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  5. ^ Fryxell, G.A.; Gould, R.W.; Watkins, T.P. (1984). "Gelatinous colonies of the diatom Thalassiosira in Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings including T. fragilis , sp. nov". British Phycological Journal. 19 (2): 141–156. doi:10.1080/00071618400650151. ISSN 0007-1617.
  6. ^ Dortch, Q; Robichaux, R; Pool, S; Milsted, D; Mire, G; Rabalais, NN; Soniat, TM; Fryxell, GA; Turner, RE; Parsons, Ml (1997). "Abundance and vertical flux of Pseudo-nitzschia in the northern Gulf of Mexico". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 146: 249–264. Bibcode:1997MEPS..146..249D. doi:10.3354/meps146249. ISSN 0171-8630.
  7. ^ Prasad, A. K. S. K.; Riddle, K. A.; Livingston, R. J. (1997-07-01). "Fine structure, taxonomy, and systematics of the centric diatom Fryxelliella gen. nov. (Eupodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) having a new valve structure, the circumferential marginal tube, with descriptions of F. floridana sp. nov. and F. inconspicua (Rattray) comb. nov". Phycologia. 36 (4): 305–323. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..305P. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-4-305.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  8. ^ "Fantastic Voyage" (PDF). Texas A&M Foundation. Spring 2002. pp. 6–7. Retrieved October 30, 2021. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  9. ^ Hasle, Grethe R.; Fryxell, Greta A. (1970). "Diatoms: Cleaning and Mounting for Light and Electron Microscopy". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 89 (4): 469. doi:10.2307/3224555. JSTOR 3224555.
  10. ^ Fryxell, Greta A.; Hasle, Grethe R. (1972). "Thalassiosira Eccentrica(Ehrenb.) Cleve,T. Symmetricasp. Nov., and Some Related Centric Diatoms1". Journal of Phycology. 8 (4): 297–317. Bibcode:1972JPcgy...8..297F. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1972.tb04044.x. S2CID 86683111.
  11. ^ Fryxell, G. A.; Hasle, G. R. (1979). "The genus Thalassiosira: species with internal extensions of the strutted processes". Phycologia. 18 (4): 378–393. Bibcode:1979Phyco..18..378F. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-18-4-378.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  12. ^ Fryxell, G. A.; Hasle, G. R. (1980). "The Marine Diatom Thalassiosira Oestrupii: Structure, Taxonomy and Distribution". American Journal of Botany. 67 (5): 804–814. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07709.x. ISSN 1537-2197.
  13. ^ Fryxell, Greta A.; El-Sayed, Sayed Z. (1976). "Diatoms in a Phytoplankton Sample fran the Shackleton South Pole Expedition". Antarctic Journal of the United States. 10 (1). National Science Foundation, [Division of Polar Programs: 33–36.
  14. ^ Fryxell, Greta A. (1978). "Chain-Forming Diatoms: Three Species of Chaetoceraceae1,2". Journal of Phycology. 14 (1): 62–71. Bibcode:1978JPcgy..14...62F. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1978.tb00633.x. S2CID 83856728.
  15. ^ Fryxell, Greta A. (1983). "New Evolutionary Patterns in Diatoms". BioScience. 33 (2): 92–98. doi:10.2307/1309170. JSTOR 1309170.
  16. ^ Fryxell, Greta A.; Gould, R. W.; Balmori, E. Rocio; Theriot, E. C. (1985). "Gulf Stream warm core rings: phytoplankton in two fall rings of different ages". Journal of Plankton Research. 7 (3): 339–364. doi:10.1093/plankt/7.3.339. ISSN 0142-7873.
  17. ^ Joyce, Terrence; Backus, Richard; Baker, Karen; Blackwelder, Patricia; Brown, Otis; Cowles, Timothy; Evans, Robert; Fryxell, Greta; Mountain, David; Olson, Donald; Schlitz, Ronald (1984). "Rapid evolution of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring". Nature. 308 (5962): 837–840. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..837J. doi:10.1038/308837a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4333694.
  18. ^ Gould Jr., R. W.; Balmori, E. R.; Fryxell, G. A. (1986). "Multivariate statistics applied to phytoplankton data from two Gulf Stream warm core rings1: Warm core ring phytoplankton". Limnology and Oceanography. 31 (5): 951–968. doi:10.4319/lo.1986.31.5.0951.
  19. ^ Kaczmarska, Irena; Fryxell, Greta A.; Watkins, T.Phillip (1986). "Effect of two Gulf Stream warm-core rings on distribution patterns of the diatom genus Nitzschia". Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers. 33 (11–12): 1843–1868. Bibcode:1986DSRA...33.1843K. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(86)90082-8.
  20. ^ Garrison, David L.; Buck, Kurt R.; Fryxell, Greta A. (1987). "Algal Assemblages in Antarctic Pack Ice and in Ice-Edge Plankton1". Journal of Phycology. 23 (4): 564–572. Bibcode:1987JPcgy..23..564G. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04206.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 86799187.
  21. ^ Fryxell, Greta A.; Kendrick, Gary A. (1988). "Austral spring microalgae across the Weddell Sea ice edge: spatial relationships found along a northward transect during AMERIEZ 83". Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers. 35 (1): 1–20. Bibcode:1988DSRA...35....1F. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(88)90054-4.
  22. ^ Lundholm, Nina; Hasle, Grethe Rytter; Fryxell, Greta A.; Hargraves, Paul E. (2002-09-01). "Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of species within the Pseudo-nitzschia americana complex (Bacillariophyceae) with descriptions of two new species, Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana and Pseudo-nitzschia linea". Phycologia. 41 (5): 480–497. Bibcode:2002Phyco..41..480L. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-41-5-480.1. ISSN 0031-8884. S2CID 85308820.
  23. ^ Dickey, Robert W.; Fryxell, Greta A.; Granade, H.Ray; Roelke, Daniel (1992). "Detection of the marine toxins okadaic acid and domoic acid in shellfish and phytoplankton in the Gulf of Mexico". Toxicon. 30 (3): 355–359. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90877-8. PMID 1529467.
  24. ^ Buck, Kr; Uttal-Cooke, L; Pilskaln, Ch; Roelke, Dl; Villac, Mc; Fryxell, Ga; Cifuentes, L; Chavez, Fp (1992). "Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 84: 293–302. Bibcode:1992MEPS...84..293B. doi:10.3354/meps084293. ISSN 0171-8630.
  25. ^ Fryxell, Greta A.; Villac, M. Célia; Shapiro, Lynda P. (1997). "The occurrence of the toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) on the West Coast of the USA, 1920–1996: a review". Phycologia. 36 (6): 419–437. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..419F. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-6-419.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  26. ^ Villac, M.C.; Roelke, D.L.; Villareal, T.A.; Fryxell, G.A. (1993). "Comparison of two domoic acid-producing diatoms: a review". Hydrobiologia. 269–270 (1): 213–224. doi:10.1007/BF00028020. ISSN 0018-8158. S2CID 20818.
  27. ^ International Plant Names Index.  G.A.Fryxell.
  28. ^ Prasad, A. K. S. K.; Riddle, K. A.; Livingston, R. J. (1997-07-01). "Fine structure, taxonomy, and systematics of the centric diatom Fryxelliella gen. nov. (Eupodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) having a new valve structure, the circumferential marginal tube, with descriptions of F. floridana sp. nov. and F. inconspicua (Rattray) comb. nov". Phycologia. 36 (4): 305–323. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..305P. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-4-305.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  29. ^ Aké-Castillo, José Antolín; DEL CASTILLO, MARÍA ESTHER MEAVE; ZAMUDIO-RESENDIZ, MARÍA EUGENIA (7 February 2014). "Nomenclatural priority of the diatom name Fryxelliella sepulvedana over Fryxelliella pacifica (Triceratiaceae, Bacillariophyta)". Phytotaxa. 159 (1): 11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163. S2CID 55304368.
  30. ^ Baldauf, J. G.; Barron, J. A. (1991). "Diatom biostratigraphy: Kerguelen Plateau and Prydz Bay regions of the Southern Ocean". Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 119: 547–598.
  31. ^ "Poloniasira fryxelliana Kaczmarska and Ehrman, a new thalassiosiroid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from the Lower Ologocene diatomites in Polish Flysch Carpathians, southern Poland". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 133: 217–230.
  32. ^ Sunesen, Inés; Sar, Eugenia A. (2004-07-12). "Thalassiosira fryxelliae nov. spec. (Bacillariophyceae) from Argentinian coastal waters". Botanica Marina. 47 (3): 238–247. doi:10.1515/BOT.2004.025. S2CID 86200784.
  33. ^ "Provasoli Award". Phycological Society of America. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  34. ^ Wood, A. Michelle; Lande, Russell; Fryxell, Greta A. (1987). "Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Morphological Variation in an Antarctic Diatom Grown at Two Light Intensities1". Journal of Phycology. 23 (2): 42–54. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04425.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 85666613.
  35. ^ "Award of Excellence". Phycological Society of America. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  36. ^ "Greta Fryxell '69". www.aggienetwork.com. 1991. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  37. ^ "Historic Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science". www.aaas.org. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  38. ^ University of Texas Marine Science Institute (1996-11-08). "Greta Fryxell named AAAS Fellow". Lazarette Gazette. 5 (15): 8. doi:10.15781/T2125QB42.
  39. ^ Phytoplankton evolution, taxonomy and ecology. Linda Karen Medlin, Gregory J. Doucette, Maria Célia Villac. Berlin: J. Cramer. 2008. ISBN 978-3-443-51055-8. OCLC 213446835.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  40. ^ Zingone, A. (2008-09-22). "Phytoplankton Evolution, Taxonomy and Ecology". Journal of Plankton Research. 31 (1): 119–120. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbn106. ISSN 0142-7873.
  41. ^ "Festschrift surprises Fryxell '48" (PDF). Augustana Magazine. Summer 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
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