Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations
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Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.[1] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.[2]
History[edit]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017) |
Economic relations[edit]
There is significant trade between the two countries in agriculture, oil, chemicals and machinery sectors.[3]
The Netherlands is the largest source of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan.[4] $90.4 billion of foreign direct investment was directed from the Netherlands to Kazakhstan from 1991 till 2019.[5] Dutch companies invested $7.3 billion into the economy of Kazakhstan in 2019 accounting for 30.2% of total FDI that year and remaining the biggest investors in the Central Asian country.[6]
A bilateral investment treaty signed in 2002 establishes a framework for fair and equitable treatment of respective investments and capital so to encourage foreign direct investment and trade.[7]
State visits[edit]
In 2015, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte met with Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana, Kazakhstan and affirmed the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Kazakhstan.[8]
Resident diplomatic missions[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Netherlands embassy in Astana".
- ^ "Kazakhstan embassy in The Hague".
- ^ "Relations the Netherlands - Kazakhstan". Netherlands government Rijksoverheid.
- ^ "Kazakhstan - Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics". Export.gov.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $330 billion FDI since 1991". astanatimes.com.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $24.1 billion of FDI in 2019, $350 billion since independence". The Times of Central Asia.
- ^ "Agreement on encouragement and reciprocal protection of investments between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kingdom of the Netherlands". investmentpolicy.unctad.org. unctad.
- ^ "Dutch PM Rutte lauds new EU-Kazakhstan partnership agreement". EFE.
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