Qnat

Coordinates: 34°15′11″N 35°53′37″E / 34.253186°N 35.893614°E / 34.253186; 35.893614
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Qnat
قنات
Municipality
Map showing the location of Qnat within Lebanon
Map showing the location of Qnat within Lebanon
Qnat
Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 34°15′11″N 35°53′37″E / 34.253186°N 35.893614°E / 34.253186; 35.893614
Country Lebanon
GovernorateNorth Governorate
DistrictBsharri District
Government
 • Municipality HeadDr. Antoine Saade
Area
 • Total7.6 km2 (2.9 sq mi)
Elevation
1,200 m (3,900 ft)
Highest elevation
1,450 m (4,760 ft)
Lowest elevation
1,137 m (3,730 ft)
Population
 (2015)Population distributed in Qnat and foreign countries
 • Total3,500
 • Density460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
3925
Dialing code+961 (06)
Websitehttps://instagram.com/livelove.qnat

Qnât, Qnat, Qanat, Knat or Kanat (Arabic: قنات) is a municipality in the Bsharri District of Lebanon.[1] The village is located just south of a large cliff and near the towns of Mazraat Bani Saab and Hadath El Jebbeh. The town is a member of the Federation of Municipalities of Bcharreh District.[2] The name of the town comes from the Semitic root word "Qna" meaning ′Good Livelihood", the name was also attributed to the God El, whose Daughter was called the goddess Anat in Greek mythology, ( .[3][4] ............ Greek Mythology: As for what was stated in a book by Father Boutros Daou, that the name "Anat" (as we pronounce it today in the lebanese dialect) is the same as the name of the Heroic Deity "Anat" the Phoenician daughter of the greatest god "El" who was mentioned many times in Ras Shamra "ugarit" tables, also in epics and songs of king Melqart]], and the hymn of Aqhat Bin Daniel "Attributes of the Gods Anat, the warrior virgin the goddess of Wisdom, Two queens on two of its hills, each queen facing the other queen, the remains of the palaces are still existing our days at Qnat..... Anat was one of the main goddesses in the pantheon of Ugarit,[44][45] a city located in the north of modern Syria on the Mediterranean coast whose religion was closely related to that of Mari.[46] According to the Ugaritic texts, Anat resides on a mountain known under the name ‘Inbubu", whose location remains unknown. Activities: Qnat also has a sports club named CRS QNAT, founded in 1954. main sports are Volleyball and Table Tennis,[5] The club, headed was originally headed by Mr. Mounir Chahine, and later by Mr. Emile Jabbour, and currently by Joseph Mounir Chahine, the Club team has won Lebanon's championship multiple times, including in 2020.[6]

Demographics[edit]

In 1953, Qnat had a population of 412 living in 46 households.[7] Qnat has a registered population of around 3,500 with around 1,000 emigrants. Most emigrants travel to Australia, Cuba and there are approximately 120-230 Qnatis there. There are 76 stores in Lebanon with 3 industries. The pay in the village is higher than its neighboring towns, with an income of 30–33 dollars per day. Employment is not good, with 80% of 18-30 year olds unemployed and 95% of people aged 45-60 unemployed. Female employment is also low, with only 14 females employed in the entire village. The town's main export is agricultural products although their economy is declining fast.[8] The town had 1,502 voters in 2014.[9]

Population Distribution in Qnat by age group
Population Distribution in Qnat[10]
Age 0-17 17-25 25-60 60+
Male 12% 13% 18% 5%
Female 12% 12% 20% 8%
Total 24% 25% 38% 13%
2014 Voter Distribution in Qnat[11]
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-109 Total
Male 90 107 162 113 65 73 78 56 3 747
Female 85 111 150 114 75 84 84 47 5 755
Total 175 218 312 227 140 157 162 103 8 1,502

Religion[edit]

Qnat is predominately Maronite, with Saint Mary of Qnat church being the main, but not only, church in the town.[12][13] There are many shrines dedicated to saints in the town, such as the Saint Mema shrine. There is also the Saint Michael convent, the Saint Semaan hermitage, the Saint Antonios Al-Badwani shrine, the Shmouneh Lady shrine, and the Saint Takla Shrine in which a spring is found. There is a large two floor cave and monastery in the south of the town dedicated to Saint Challita.[14][3][15][16] There is also a spring named after Saint Challita which provides water for agriculture and which used to provide drinking water before the main water network was installed.[17] There is also a historic Mar Chayna church which was built in 1800 on the remains of a pagan temple.[18] Bishop Francis Baysari of the Eparchy of Jebbe was born in Qnat. A street that connects the public square to the churches was named after him.[19]

Religious Distribution in Qnat[20]
Religion Number % of population
Armenian Orthodox 1 0.07
Armenian Catholic 1 0.07
Assyrian 2 0.13
Protestant 0 0.00
Greek Orthodox 66 4.40
Roman Catholic 15 1.00
Syriac Orthodox 3 0.20
Syriac Catholic 2 0.13
Maronite 1,406 94.15
Other Christian 1 0.06
Christian 1,497 99.70
Sunni 0 0.00
Shiite 0 0.00
Alawite 0 0.00
Muslim 0 0.00
Other 5 0.33
Total 1502 100

History[edit]

Main article: Battle of Qnat

On Tuesday, February 12, 1980, following clashes between the Kataeb and the Marada, a Syrian patrol unit entered the town of Qnat and skirmishes then began between the unit and 44 local Phalangist combatants.[21] The patrol unit was helped by Zghortans and the Zghortans helped facilitate their plans.[22] As a result, reinforcements were called in and arrived that night. On the morning of the new day, 11 Lebanese reinforcements also arrived from the Adonis' Defense Units, headed by Hanna Atik, along with 7 elite ″commandos″, led by Suleiman Hoayek.[23] The next day, 9 more Adonis units arrived, and the day after that, in the morning around 5 AM, Syrian forces bombed parts of the town, near the school. This provoked fighting, and after 2 and a half hours, the Syrians retreated and returned to their original positions outside the town, having suffered dozens of casualties while only wounding two members of the Lebanese resistance. During the night of the 15th, 6 troop carries arrived, carrying reinforcements for the Syrians. Near midnight that night, Bob Haddad led a group of Lebanese fighters through the mountains to the town as well.[24]

The following morning, on Saturday, the Lebanese launched a two pronged surprise attack on the Syrians. One group, led by Abou Nader, would attack from Mazraat Bani Saab, and another, led by Samir Geagea, would attack from the town.[25] The attack was effective, with hundreds of Syrians dead and little damage sustained to the Lebanese. On Sunday, February 17, the two parties agreed to a ceasefire, and Lebanese fighters withdrew to Bani Saab and Assaf. That evening, as fighters were attempting to withdraw, one of their fighters, Michel Haddad was killed. Syria then threatened to use aerial attacks, putting helicopters on standby at Hamat Airport. The 3,000 strong Syrian army eventually gained control of the town, but not before most residents had evacuated. The resistance fighters retreated to the town of Niha, which remained a line of conflict throughout the war.[26] In total, an estimated 80 people died. 7 Lebanese fighters, 18 Syrian soldiers and the rest being Qnat civilians, although some sources claim up to 200 were killed and hundreds more wounded.[27] Several thousand civilians were also displaced during the battle and stranded in the cold weather and snow.[28] The battle turned Geagea, the son of a modest family, into a respected leader and a member of Maronite community’s new elite.[29] When describing this battle, Sheikh Bachir Gemayel said: "The Battle of Qnat paralleled the Hundred Days’ War in Achrafieh".[30]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Liste des municipalités libanaises (mai 2016) | Libandata.org". 2019-02-09. Archived from the original on 2019-02-09. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  2. ^ "Federation of Municipalities of Bcharreh District". www.lebanesemunicipalagenda.com. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  3. ^ a b "Qnat | Les Plus Beaux Villages du Liban". Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  4. ^ Qnat Village By Drone [4K] | قنات, retrieved 2023-02-26
  5. ^ "Qnat » tournaments". Volleybox. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  6. ^ Jaoudeh, John Abou. "Qnat - Lebanese Volleyball". LebVolley.com. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
  7. ^ Sawaya, Salah Michel (March 1953). Household Income and Expenditure in Al-Koura, Lebanon (PDF). Scholarworks (M.A.). Beirut, Lebanon: Economics Dept., American University of Beirut, Lebanon. hdl:10938/3411. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  8. ^ "LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN BCHARRE" (PDF). 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "معلومات عن بلدة قنات - Qnat، قضاء بشري في محافظة الشمال، حسب لوائح الناخبين الرسمية الصادرة عن وزارة الداخلية اللبنانية لسنة ٢٠١٤". إعْرَفْ لبنان. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  10. ^ "LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN BCHARRE" (PDF). 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "جداول إحصائية عن الناخبين في بلدة قنات، قضاء بشري محافظة الشمال في لبنان، حسب لوائح الناخبين الرسمية الصادرة عن وزارة الداخلية لسنة ٢٠١٤". إعْرَفْ لبنان. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  12. ^ "Saint Mary of Qnat - كنيسة السيدة قنات · 7V3V+5GX, Qnat, Lebanon". Saint Mary of Qnat - كنيسة السيدة قنات · 7V3V+5GX, Qnat, Lebanon. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  13. ^ "Nominatim Demo". nominatim.openstreetmap.org. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  14. ^ "Lebanese caving expedition report: Mar Challita, Nabaa el Qana and Ain El Libne - Spekul September 1996". spekul.be. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  15. ^ "Nominatim Demo". nominatim.openstreetmap.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  16. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  17. ^ "Nominatim Demo". nominatim.openstreetmap.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  18. ^ "Qnat". pbvliban.org. Ajmal Baldet Lebnen.
  19. ^ "الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - Qnat... A distinctive village in Bcharri district". National News Agency. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  20. ^ "معلومات عن بلدة قنات - Qnat، قضاء بشري في محافظة الشمال، حسب لوائح الناخبين الرسمية الصادرة عن وزارة الداخلية اللبنانية لسنة ٢٠١٤". إعْرَفْ لبنان. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  21. ^ An-Nahar. 1980-02-18. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ^ Zogheib, P. (2013). Lebanese Christian nationalism: A theoretical analyses of a national movement [Master's Thesis, Northeastern University].https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:1850/fulltext.pdf
  23. ^ Bittar, Yorgo (2014-12-05). "قنات "البلدة القاهرة"… يوم حُطِمت اسطورة الوحدات الخاصة السورية (بيار جبور)". Lebanese Forces Official Website. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  24. ^ "Lebanon's Legacy of Political Violence" (PDF). International Center for Transitional Justice: 39. September 2013.
  25. ^ O’Ballance, Edgar (1998), O’Ballance, Edgar (ed.), "Violence and Invasion: 1980–82", Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 98–116, doi:10.1057/9780230374683_6, ISBN 978-0-230-37468-3, retrieved 2023-02-26
  26. ^ "Battle of Qnat 12 February 1980 – Ilige League". Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  27. ^ Boustany, Nora (1980-02-24). "Remote-Control Bomb Kills 8 in Beirut". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
  28. ^ Choueifaty, Clovis. Ma’arek Suriyya fi Lubnan: Volume 1 p 169. Lebanon: Self-published, 2010
  29. ^ Lubnan 1975-1992 Beirut P. Andari
  30. ^ Choueifaty, Clovis (2017). This is how the Free Resistance faced the Assad army in Lebanon.
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