User:MER-C/Incubator

List of geological features on 21 Lutetia

This is a list of named geological features on the asteroid (21) Lutetia. Features that are neither craters nor regiones are named after rivers of the Roman Empire and the adjacent parts of Europe at the time of Lutetia.

Craters

Craters on (21) Lutetia are named after cities of the Roman Empire and the adjacent parts of Europe during the time of Lutetia's existence.

Crater	Eponym
Bagacum	Bagacum (now Bavay, France)

Regiones

Regiones on (21) Lutetia are named after the discoverer of Lutetia (Goldschmitt) and after provinces of the Roman Empire at the time of Lutetia.

Region

Eponym

}} Dorsa Ticinum Dorsum is the only named dorsum on (21) Lutetia. It is named after the present day Ticino River. References http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/LUTETIA/target Household production function Assume: the consumer's preferences can be represented by standard indifference curves, that is preferences are complete, transitive, convex and non-satiationi the opportunity cost of the worker's time is his wage rate w, which is assumed exogenous. All income is spent Suppose there are two The consumer can allocate his time T between working ($T_{w}$) and household production ($T_{c}$), that is: $~T=T_{w}+T_{c}=T_{w}+\sum _{i}t_{i}Z_{i}$ where $t_{i}$ is the time required to produce activity $Z_{i}$. The activity $Z_{i}$ also requires expenditure on market goods equal to: $~\sum _{j}{p_{j}x_{ij}}$ where $p_{j}$ is the price vector of the goods $x_{ij}$. The total expenditure is equal to the consumer's income ($wT_{w}$): $~wT_{w}=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}{p_{j}x_{ij}}Z_{i}$ Substitute Define the shadow price of the activity $Z_{i}$ as: $~\pi _{i}=\sum _{j}p_{j}x_{ij}+wt_{i}$ Valleys on Venus Name Latitude Longitude Diameter Approval Date Named after Ahsabkab Vallis -24 79 700 2000 Mayan name for morning Venus. Alajen Vallis -3.3 337.1 200 2000 Talysh (Caspian Sea, SW coast) river deity. Albys Vallis -39.5 30.5 240 1997 Tuva/Altay river deity. Anuket Vallis 66.7 8 350 1994 Egyptian river goddess. Apisuahts Vallis -66.5 17 550 1997 Blackfoot/Algonquin name for planet Venus. Austrina Vallis -49.5 177 600 1997 Latvian name for planet Venus. Avfruvva Vallis 2 70 70 1994 Saami (Lapp) river goddess. Baltis Vallis 37.3 161.4 6000 1994 Syrian word for planet Venus. Banumbirr Vallis -7 4 400 1997 Arnhemland word for planet Venus. Bastryk Vallis -7.5 347.5 190 2000 Kumyk (Daghestan) river deity. Bayara Vallis 45.6 16.5 500 1994 Dogon (Mali) word for planet Venus. Belisama Vallis 50 22.5 220 1994 English Celtic river goddess. Bennu Vallis 1.3 341.2 710 1994 Egyptian word for planet Venus. Chasca Vallis -52.8 359 400 1997 Quechua name for planet Venus. Citlalpul Vallis -51.8 187 3160 1994 Aztec name for planet Venus. Name changed from Citlalpul Valles. Dilbat Vallis -55 184 420 2000 Assyro-Babylonian name for planet Venus. Dzyzlan Vallis -16 182 250 1997 Abkhazian river goddess. Fara Vallis -1.2 345.5 260 2000 Malagasy (Madagascar) water goddess. Fetu-ao Vallis -61 254.7 400 1997 Samoan name for planet Venus. Fufei Vallis 46 341 170 1997 Chinese goddess of Lo River. Ganga Valles 4.8 53 200 2006 Hindu goddess of the sacred river Ganges. Gendenwitha Vallis -63 259 900 1997 Iroquois name for planet Venus. Helmud Vallis -33.9 171.3 280 1997 Afghanistan river goddess. Hoku-ao Vallis 28 166.5 450 1997 Hawaiian name for planet Venus. Ikhwezi Vallis 16 147.8 1700 1997 Zulu name for planet Venus. Jutrzenka Vallis 27 155.8 970 1997 Polish name for planet Venus. Kallistos Vallis -51.1 21.5 900 1994 Ancient Greek name for planet Venus. Khalanasy Vallis -51 168.5 320 1997 Azeri river mermaid. Kimtinh Vallis -46.5 67 550 2000 Vietnamese word for planet Venus. Kinsei Vallis 13.6 141 800 1997 Japanese name for planet Venus. Koidutäht Vallis -76.5 130 700 1997 Estonian name for planet Venus. Kumanyefie Vallis -80.5 335 600 1997 Ewe name for planet Venus. K?msong Vallis -59 152.5 700 1997 Korean name for planet Venus. Laidamlulum Vallis -73 151 2700 2000 Maidu (California) name for morning Venus. Lo Shen Valles -12.8 89.6 225 1994 Chinese river goddess. Lunang Vallis 68.2 310 250 1997 Nuristan goddess of Parun River. Lusaber Vallis -47.5 164 500 1997 Armenian name for planet Venus. Martuv Vallis 23 156 250 1997 Kyrgyz river deity. Matlalcue Vallis -33 167.5 300 1997 Aztec fresh water goddess. Merak Vallis -63.5 162 200 1997 Balochi (Pakistan) river deity. Morongo Valles -20 111.4 660 2003 Makoni (Zimbabwe) name of Venus as evening star. Nahid Valles -55.1 171 500 1997 Persian name for planet Venus. Nantosuelta Vallis -61.9 193 320 1997 Celtic river goddess. Nepra Vallis 1.4 24.2 350 1997 E. Slavic goddess of Dneper River. Ngyandu Vallis -62 12 500 1997 Swahili name for planet Venus. Nommo Valles -40.7 87.3 200 2000 Dogon (Mali) water deities. Nyakaio Vallis 47.5 339 150 1997 Shilluk (Sudan) semi-crocodile river deity. Olokun Vallis 81.5 269 150 1997 Bini sea and river goddess (also known as a god). Omutnitsa Vallis 33 292 150 1997 E. Slavic river deity. Poranica Valles -21 178.5 550 1997 Slovenian name for planet Venus. Name changed from Poranica Vallis]]. Saga Vallis 76.1 340.6 450 1994 Norse goddess in the form of a waterfall. Samundra Vallis -24.1 347.1 110 1994 Indian river goddess. Sati Vallis 3.2 334.4 225 1994 Egyptian river goddess. Sezibwa Vallis -44 37 300 1997 Ganda river spirit. Sholpan Vallis -63.9 150 590 2003 Kazakh and Karakalpak name of planet Venus. Sinann Vallis -49 270 425 1994 Irish river goddess. Ta'urua Vallis -80.2 247.5 525 1994 Tahitian word for the planet Venus. Tai-pe Valles 11 156.5 400 1997 Chinese name for planet Venus. Tan-yondozo Vallis -41.5 87 800 1997 Bashkir name for planet Venus. Tapati Vallis 27 304 150 1997 Indian Tapti (Tapi) River goddess. Tawera Vallis -11.6 67.5 500 1997 Maori name for planet Venus. Tingoi Vallis 6 318.6 250 1997 Mande (Sierra Leone) river spirit. Umaga Valles -49 152 400 1997 Old Tagal name for planet Venus. Uottakh-sulus Valles 12.5 239 1100 1997 Yakutian/Saha name for planet Venus. Utrenitsa Vallis 55 280 700 1997 Old Russian name for planet Venus. Vakarine Vallis 5 336.4 625 1994 Lithuanian word for planet Venus. Veden-Ema Vallis -15 141 300 1997 Finnish goddess of fishing. Vesper Vallis -59.3 180 610 2000 Latin name for evening Venus. Vishera Vallis -33.1 161.6 300 2003 Komi-Permyakan (Ural Finn) girl who turned into a river with the same name. Xulab Vallis -57.5 186 820 1997 Mayan name for planet Venus. Ymoja Vallis -71.6 204.8 390 1994 Yoruba (Nigeria) river goddess. Yuvkha Valles 10.5 239.5 200 1997 Turkman river spirit. References This article was adapted from the public domain Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature Stuff on Mars albedo features → Classical albedo features on Mars catena → List of catenae on Mars cavus → ? chaos → Areas of chaos terrain on Mars chasma → List of chasmata on Mars collis → List of mountains on Mars crater → List of craters on Mars dorsum → List of ridges on Mars fluctus → ? fossa → ? labes → Labes#List of labes labyrinthus → ? lingula → ? mensa → ? mons → List of mountains on Mars palus → only one Cerberus Palus patera → ? planitia, planum → List of plains on Mars rupes → ? scopulus → ? sulci → List of ridges on Mars terra → List of terrae on Mars tholus → List of mountains on Mars unda → List of extraterrestrial dune fields#Mars vallis → List of valles on Mars vastitas → only one Vastitas Borealis List of mountains on Mars Mons, montes Tholus, tholi Collis, colles List of ridges on Mars Sulci Dorsum Flexus (none yet) List of cliffs on Mars Scopulus Rupes Securency Securency, a joint venture between the Reserve Bank of Australia and Innovia Films, is a producer of plastics used in the manufacture of polymer banknotes. Products Polymer banknotes The polymer banknotes of the Australian dollar are printed with Securency's polymer substrate Main article: Polymer banknote After a major counterfeiting Securency produces a polymer trademarked Guardian. Banknotes manufactured with Securency's polymer substrate are in use in Australia and more than 26 other countries. Solar cells Securency and the CSIRO are trialling the production of cheap, flexible, polymer based solar cells that can be printed like money. Allegations of bribery In 2009, The Age alleged that foreign agents working on behalf of Securency offered kickbacks to central bank officials in order to win note printing contracts. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Statement on corruption ABC does your research for you [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] The allegations were followed up in May 2010 by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Four Corners. The program further alleges that Securency used prostitutes and bribes to secure contracts. The matter is under investigation by the Australian Federal Police. Both Securency and the RBA declined to comment on the investigation. References See also Note Printing Australia External links Official website Video and transcript of Four Corners program on Securency Secondary crater Mare Imbrium (foreground) is peppered with secondary craters from the impact that formed Copernicus crater (upper center) Secondary craters are impact craters formed by the ejecta that was thrown out of a larger crater. They sometimes form radial crater chains. Some things to talk about: Formation rate (Zunil) Applicability to crater counting Depth/diameter is low (typically 0.11) Bonneville crater External links Some secondary craters and crater chains as seen by the Apollo missions Paper dump (athabasca.pdf) Jaeger; et al. (2007). "Athabasca Valles, Mars: A Lava-Draped Channel System". Science. 317 (5845): 1709–1711. doi:10.1126/science.1143315. PMID 17885126. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (bonnevillecrater.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2004). "Surficial Deposits at Gusev Crater Along Spirit Rover Traverses". Science. 305 (5685): 807–810. doi:10.1126/science.1099849. PMID 15297659. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (cratercounter.pdf) Kerr, R (2006). "Who can Read the Martian Clock?". Science. 312 (5777): 1132–1133. doi:10.1126/science.312.5777.1132. PMID 16728612. (cloud1.pdf) Benson; et al. (2006). "Interannual variability of water ice clouds over major martian volcanoes observed by MOC". Icarus. 184 (2): 365–371. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.03.014. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (cloud2.pdf) Benson; et al. (2003). "The seasonal behavior of water ice clouds in the Tharsis and Valles Marineris regions of Mars: Mars Orbiter Camera Observations". Icarus. 165: 34–52. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00175-1. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (cloud3.pdf) Properties of Water Ice Clouds over Major Martian Volcanoes Observed by MOC (PhD thesis) (eagle1.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2004). "In Situ Evidence for an Ancient Aqueous Environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1709–1714. doi:10.1126/science.1104559. PMID 15576604. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (eagle2.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2004). "Soils of Eagle Crater and Meridian Planum at the Opportunity Rover Landing Site". Science. 306 (5702): 1723–1726. doi:10.1126/science.1105127. PMID 15576606. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (eagle3.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2004). "The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars". Science. 306 (5702): 1698–1703. doi:10.1126/science.1106171. PMID 15576602. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (endurance1.pdf) Grotzinger; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a dry to wet eolian depositional system, Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 240 (1): 11–72. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.039. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (erebus1.pdf) Grotzinger; et al. (2006). "Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars". Geology. 34 (12): 1085–1088. doi:10.1130/G22985A.1. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (homeplate.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2008). "Detection of Silica-Rich Deposits on Mars". Science. 320 (5879): 1063–1067. doi:10.1126/science.1155429. PMID 18497295. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (homeplate2.pdf) Squyres; et al. (2007). "Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars". Science. 316 (5825): 738–742. doi:10.1126/science.1139045. PMID 17478719. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (impactgardening1.pdf) Hartmann; et al. (2001). "Martian Cratering 7: The role of Impact Gardening". Icarus. 149: 37–51. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6532. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (impactgardening2.pdf) Housen; et al. (1979). "Asteriodal Regoliths". Icarus. 39 (3): 317–351. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90145-3. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (jezerocrater.pdf) Ehlmann; et al. (2008). "Clay minerals in delta deposits and organic preservation potential on Mars". Nature Geoscience. 1 (6): 355–358. doi:10.1038/ngeo207. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (minites.pdf) Silverman; et al. (2005). "Miniature thermal emission spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rover". Acta Astronautica. 59 (8–11): 990–999. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.07.055. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (northpolarbasin1.pdf) Andrews-Hanna; et al. (2008). "The Borealis basin and the origin of the Martian crustal dichotomy". Nature. 453 (7199): 1212–1215. doi:10.1038/nature07011. PMID 18580944. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (northpolarbasin2.pdf) Marinova; et al. (2008). "Mega-impact formation of the Mars hemispheric dichotomy". Nature. 453 (7199): 1216–1219. doi:10.1038/nature07070. PMID 18580945. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (northpolarbasin3.pdf) Nimmo; et al. (2008). "Implications of an impact origin for the Martian hemispheric dichotomy". Nature. 453 (7199): 1220–1223. doi:10.1038/nature07025. PMID 18580946. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (planetx.pdf) Lykawka, Patryk S.; Mukai, Tadashi (2008). "An Outer Planet beyond Pluto and the origin of the Trans-Neptunian Belt Architecture" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 135 (4): 1161–1200. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1161. (secondarycraterdating.pdf) McEwen, Alfred S.; Bierhaus, Edward B. (2006). "The importance of secondary cratering to age constraints on planetary surfaces". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34: 535–567. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) (twoyears.pdf) Sqyures; et al. (2006). "Two Years at Meridiani Planum: Results from the Opportunity Rover". Science. 313 (5792): 1403–1407. doi:10.1126/science.1130890. PMID 16959999. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (tychosecondaries.pdf) Dundas, Colin M.; McEwen, Alfred S. (2007). "Rays and secondary craters of Tycho". Icarus. 186: 31–40. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.011.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) (zunilcrater.pdf) McEwan, A.S.; et al. (2005). "The rayed crater Zunil and interpretations of small impact craters on Mars" (PDF). Icarus. 176 (2): 351–381. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.009. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) (zunilcrater2.pdf) McEwan; et al. (2003). Discovery of a large rayed crater on Mars: Implications for recent volcanic and fluvial activity and the origin of Martian meteorites (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. {{cite conference}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) LPSC abstract dump: ftp://ftp.lpi.usra.edu/pub/outgoing Should probably read the descriptions at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/lpsc2007.download.shtml (substitute relevant year) first. Spam tutorial temp What is spam? Spammers are not welcome on Wikipedia. Spam pages A spam page A spam page, naturally, is one created with the sole intention of advertising some business or site. I divide spam pages into three loose categories: Blatantly promotional spam pages look as though they're a verbatim copy of an "about us" section on a company website. These are relatively easy to spot, as they contain patently unencyclopedic phrases like "our products" or "for more information, visit http://example.com". You can use Google to find them, for example the query site:en.wikipedia.org "our products" throws up a number of pages that have been edited by spammers. Exercise 1.1: Try finding a few spam pages for yourself. It shouldn't be that hard. The second type of spam page is what's best described as corporate vanity, see this mailing list post for details. Essentially, if an account that has a business name as a username creates an article on said business, then everyone knows why they did it. Promotional usernames are against policy. You can easily find the two above types of spam pages through new pages patrol. The third type of spam page is typically associated with linkspamming campaigns (see below). Here, the page is created for the purpose of housing external links to the spammed site(s). These often have salvageable content and aren't obviously advertising, so they aren't deletable as spam. However, these pages may still be copyvios, have non-notable subjects or suffer from other problems. For some examples, have a look at these article creations, more precisely the contents of the external link section in each: [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]. When you find a deletable spam page (i.e. not of the third type), tag it for speedy deletion using {{db-spam}} or (admins only) delete it yourself. Report the creator to the admins or block indefinitely because they're obviously not here to improve the encyclopedia. For images used exclusively on spam pages, check to see whether they are copyvios or have missing source/license information. If this is so, tag the image with {{db-imagevio}}, {{subst:nsd}} and {{subst:nld}} for the respective problems. Link spam There are three things we need to consider in order to determine whether an external link addition is spam: The "what", or the content of the site. Does the site fall under any of the categories at WP:ELNO (i.e. links to avoid)? The "how" - how is the link added? Are the links added haphazardly by well-meaning editors or are the additions part of a systematic campaign to insert links to various sites? The "who" - who is adding the links? Are the links added by established editors or by single purpose accounts? Are the usernames related to the site or its maintainers? Where do the IPs used resolve to? I will focus on the "how" - identifying systematic campaigns and dealing with them, but the two other aspects will come into play. Firstly, some background reading. Exercise 2.1: Familiarize yourself with the following policies, guidelines and articles. Wikipedia:External links Wikipedia:Spam Wikipedia:Conflict of interest Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not Spamdexing Wikipedia:FAQ/Business It is highly recommended that you have rollback abilities because spammers will add their links to multiple articles. If you don't, you may seek them at Wikipedia:Requests for permissions. Trawling the wiki RC feed OK, you want to revert some spam. But how do we find it? The most effective way of trawling the wiki is through recent changes, or a filtered version of it. There are two Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channels you can connect to, choose one of them: irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-en-spam (link additions only) irc://browne.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia (everything, useful if you want to fight vandals at the same time) It's time to install and set up some software. These channels are somewhat incompatible, which means software built for #en.wikipedia probably won't work on #wikipedia-en-spam and vice versa. For #wikipedia-en-spam, any decent IRC client will do. But do not use Huggle! (Read the tutorial once through and you'll see why.) Whichever channel you choose, a listing of diff links will dribble in from the tubes. Open the diff in your browser. If it's not a link addition, ignore it. If it is, does the link look like it could be spam? This can usually be determined with a quick glance, by looking at the TLD (see exercise below) or recognizing the reputation of the provider of the service, e.g. bbc.co.uk == British Broadcasting Corporation, nature.com == Nature. (These aren't likely to be spam). If you're not sure, do a quick assessment of the content of the link against WP:ELNO. Exercise 2.2: Which of the following TLDs are more likely to be spammy - .com, .org, .gov, .edu, .net, .ac.uk, .tv, .info, .biz? Solution: (view source to reveal answer) .com, .org (non-profits are not exempt from our spam rules!), .net, .tv (although this TLD belongs to Tuvalu, it is marketed for television related sites), .info, .biz Contributions of a spammer Bring up the user's contributions. Assess these against the following table on the suitability of link additions, which is an excerpt from MediaWiki:Spam-blacklisting. Criteria Addition Frequency / Volume Account / Intention Links to potentially include Isolated event High-volume established editor ↕ ↕ Links to exclude Campaign Spam only account Relevant authorities Spam policy Source soliciting External link spamming What Wikipedia is not Not repository Not a directory Not advertising Sock puppetry Single-purpose account 'Role' accounts Inappropriate accounts Not advertising Conflict of interest Advertising and COI Accounts used for promotion Once you've satisfied yourself that these are links to exclude and they were added in a systematic manner, revert the additions and warn the user. Warnings Warning a spammer Since spammers are not welcome here, I initially avoid using any template with the text "Welcome to Wikipedia". {{uw-spam2}} is usually a good start. You can add {{uw-coi}} if you suspect the user has a conflict of interest. If a suspected spammer turns out to be a good faith editor, you can always add a welcome template later. Include in your warning a tracking URL or {{LinkSummaryLive}}. This allows other spam patrollers to determine when a domain was previously spammed and by who (it shows up in the linksearch). Personally, I put the URL in the header, but you don't have to. If there are multiple sites spammed, you can include multiple URLs or the URL of the company owning the sites. If the user ignores your warning and continues to add links, follow up with a {{uw-spam4}} and block/reporting if necessary. Ignoring warnings makes it almost certainly spam, so we move on to the next step. Investigating Now we have to determine whether the spamming campaign is just limited to the user you just caught. There are two angles of attack: one through existing links and the other through the sites themselves. Both need to be examined. You might find it easier if you investigate and prepare the spam report (see Reporting, below) concurrently. Looking through existing links Looking for other spammers with Special:Linksearch Before we start, I'd like to introduce some "tools of the trade". Exercise 2.3: Familiarize yourself with {{LinkSummaryLive}}, {{IPSummary}} and {{UserSummary}}, their meta equivalents (m:Template:LinkSummary, m:Template:IPSummary and m:Template:UserSummary) and the function of each link in these templates. I may talk about some of them later. Here are three example uses for your convenience. bom.gov.au: Linksearch en - meta - de - fr - simple - wikt:en - wikt:fr • MER-C Cross-wiki • Reports: Links on en - COIBot - COIBot-Local • Discussions: tracked - advanced • COIBot-Local - COIBot-XWiki - Wikipedia: en - fr - de • Google: search • meta • Domain: domaintools • AboutUs.org • Live link: http://www.bom.gov.au 127.0.0.2 (talk • contribs • deleted contribs • blacklist hits • AbuseLog • what links to user page • COIBot • Spamcheck • count • block log • x-wiki • Edit filter search • WHOIS • RDNS • tracert • robtex.com • StopForumSpam • Google • AboutUs • Project HoneyPot) Jimbo_Wales (talk · contribs · deleted contribs · blacklist hits · AbuseLog · what links to user page · count · COIBot · Spamcheck · user page logs · x-wiki · status · Edit filter search · Google · StopForumSpam) Start by performing linksearches on the spammed domain(s). It's the first item in {{LinkSummaryLive}} or, directly, Special:Linksearch/*.example.com. You should see the tracking URL you placed in your warning - that's why you did it. Now for each article result, look for the link in the "references" (if no inline citations) and/or "external links" sections. If it's there, then you can use WikiBlame to find who added the link. Whack in the description of the link, enter an appropriate amount of revisions (500 will do) and choose interpolated search for the fastest results. Bear in mind it doesn't work all of the time - there's always the page history. For those who have access to IRC, go to a channel where COIBot is active. COIBot is an IRC interface to a database of linkadditions (the same database that is used to create the LinkReports). A good start is #wikipedia-spam-t on freenode. People who hang around there can help you with sourcing the link-addition database. Exercise 2.4: Who added a link to thejhelum.com to the article Jhelum River? Use WikiBlame. Solution: (view source to reveal answer) 202.61.63.10 (talk · contribs) did, see [21]. I hope you didn't cheat and look at the page history because I've already removed the link. And besides, directly using the page history is usually much slower. A spammer moving links up. For each editor who added the links, check their contributions and revert any other spamming. You should warn all IPs and users whose contributions are almost exclusively spam, no matter when they spammed. Check the edits for any other domains spammed and any bad-faith behaviour. This is not limited to: Vandalism when adding spam links, e.g. [22] Vandalism of link records, e.g. [23] Moving links up Replacing existing links Ignoring the meaning of the term "references", e.g. [24] Citation spamming, e.g. Special:Contributions/Trenchant63 Creation of first person spam pages Using open proxies to spam Cross-wiki spamming (see below) Note all spammers in your report under an appropriate heading using {{IPSummary}} or {{UserSummary}}, whichever is appropriate along with any bad-faith behaviour. Also include the sites spammed in a separate section with {{LinkSummaryLive}}. The linksearch also helps us look for previous incidents through tracking URLs placed by other spam patrollers. By "previous incident" I mean prior WT:WPSPAM reports, blacklistings, deletion of spam pages through AFD or MFD and any other project-space discussion. Here is an egregious example (now blacklisted globally). List these in their own heading in the report. You might also find the occasional spam page, especially on the user pages of registered spammers. You know how to deal with these. If you're an admin, have a look at the deleted contributions of any registered spammers to find previously deleted spam pages. List spam pages in the report with {{la}} (articles), {{li}} (uploaded images) or {{lu}} (user pages). The sites themselves It's time to get your hands dirty and visit the sites in question. Every site is different, hence I can only give you a few pointers on what to look for. I suggest you keep your wits about you and your adblockers enabled because you never know what they're going to serve up before it's too late... Are the spammed sites owned by the same company or person? This is usually obvious from the content of the site, but you can look at WHOIS records to confirm this. Exercise: Are dailygujrat.com and geokashmir.com owned by the same company? Hint: The Internet Archive may be handy here. Solution: (view source to reveal answer) Yes, they are. Both sites are "project[s] of JhelumSoft", as said on the bottom of the page. jhelumsoft.net is offline, so this is where the Internet Archive comes in handy. I also note they sell search engine marketing ([25]). What a coincidence. Are the sites hosted on the same server? The tools OnSameHost.com and Who's on my server? (they're in {{LinkSummary}}) fit the purpose. Determine a site's Adsense and Google Analytics IDs. Open up the page source and look for a string starting with "pub-", followed by many digits (Adsense) and a string starting with "UA-" followed by some numbers, before a dash (GA). These are generally owner specific. Exercise: What is the Adsense ID of dailypunjab.com? Solution: (view source to reveal answer) pub-0371265814726923 Do the sites look the same? Poke around the sites for any related domains. Publishers sometimes list their projects on each pages for SEO purposes or have a page detailing their other projects. These should be listed with tracking URLs in the spam report under their own heading. The URL info tool is handy for finding related domains in a link farm. You may want to invest some time in getting a text editor that allows fuzzy find and replace (e.g. by regex) - it'll save you a lot of time in formatting long lists of related domains. Exercise: List all domains related to (www.)webooks.co.uk. Solution: (view source to reveal answer) See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Spam&oldid=224336142#Webooks_Network_http://spam.webooks.co.uk . I hope you got all 154 domains. Usually they aren't that bad. Another thing to consider is whether the site(s) employ spamdexing, black-hat or overenthusiastic SEO techniques. Here are some examples: tuanlinhtravel.com: meta tag stuffing, link farming, hidden links (blacklisted locally) adorons.com: scraper site (banned by the devs) gucciguccigucci.com: spam in blogs, spam blogs (blacklisted globally) howtoretireabroad.info: I can't think of a legitimate reason why a site would have links to 75 social networking sites. Five, yes, but 75? Umm, no. Reporting Complete report You didn't gather all that information above for nothing - now it's time to tell people about it. Post a new section on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam, containing the following things (in handy checklist format): [ ] Previous incidents [ ] Spam pages [ ] Sites spammed [ ] Adsense ID, if appropriate [ ] Tracking URLs, if not considered for blacklisting [ ] Related domains [ ] Tracking URLs, if not considered for blacklisting [ ] Spammers [ ] Evidence of bad faith behavior, if appropriate [ ] Course of action, see "blacklisting" below Domains should be listed with {{LinkSummaryLive}}, registered users with {{UserSummary}} and IPs with {{IPSummary}}. At the very least, you should list sites spammed and who spammed them. For examples of completed reports, see the archives of WT:WPSPAM. Now if spammers have engaged in block evasion or otherwise are uncontrollable, proceed to the blacklisting phase. Blacklisting Attempts to insert blacklisted URLs are blocked Wikipedia maintains two spam blacklists - one on meta and one locally. MediaWiki prevents the addition of new URLs which match either blacklist and are not on spam whitelist. The meta blacklist affects all Wikimedia projects, all of Wikia and some other sites while the local blacklist affects the English Wikipedia only. The blacklists are editable by only meta and local administrators respectively. There is also User:XLinkBot, which is the ClueBot equivalent for spam. There are five things to examine when considering a site for blacklisting: Does the content of the site have any use to Wikimedia projects? Sites with no useful content, e.g. gambling sites, can be globally blacklisted despite the spamming being restricted to one project. Compare the website against WP:ELNO. If a site has useful content and other good-faith editors agree (say, by using it for references) consider using XLinkBot. What is the scale of the spamming? Widespread spamming can lead to immediate blacklisting. Doing a cross-wiki linksearch. Whether the spamming is spread across multiple Wikimedia projects. You can use the cross-wiki linksearch to search up to 57 Wikipedias and/or the cross-wiki contributions tool as a preliminary. If there are hits, check the articles to see who added the link and whether they are spammers. If there are any additional spammers, the domain(s) are eligible (and recommended) for global blacklisting. List any additional spammers at WT:WPSPAM with an annotation that they have spammed non-English wikis. If the spam is extremely widespread, you can ask me to run a search of all Wikimedia projects. Whether the site or related sites have been spammed before. The list of previous incidents you compiled earlier should come in handy. Whether the site attempts to install malware (these should be blacklisted globally). Since x-wiki was empty, local blacklist it is To file a blacklisting request, list the domains that were spammed at MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist or m:Talk:Spam blacklist under the appropriate section and a link to the WikiProject Spam report. If you are seeking global blacklisting, add the cross-wiki spammers to your request. A template, {{WPSPAM}} (exists locally only), allows you to add permanent links to such reports. An administrator will come along and process your request. If you're an admin then you can blacklist (locally) directly, see MediaWiki:Spam-blacklisting for details. Other courses of action Unfortunately, blacklisting doesn't stop all spammers. I won't go into this in detail for a fairly good reason, but it's good to know what to do when these cases crop up. Firstly, you need to be able to find spam that slips in between the cracks. Identify a unique phrase or string (e.g. a company name) that is used almost exclusively by the spammer, then search for it. Wikipedia's own search engine is barely adequate for the purpose, especially in the case of cross-wiki spam. If you must use it, set it to search the article and user namespaces. Otherwise, just use Google. site:wikipedia.org X is a good starting point, where X is the unique string you identified. If multiple projects have been spammed you can use OR to add projects searched, e.g. site:wikipedia.org OR site:wiktionary.org X These Google searches are automatically cross-wiki. Block any new sockpuppets and blacklist any new sites promptly. If there are large amounts of registered spammers, consider requesting checkuser. Don't be afraid to ask for or make large and long rangeblocks. In the case of a company spamming, are the IPs registered to the company? Use a WHOIS, reverse DNS or a traceroute to find out. If they are, you can block for longer durations because they are likely static IPs. Is the spam focussed a couple of pages? Try getting them protected. Call in the wider community. This approach works best when you have a very widespread problem (hundreds of spam link additions). ... PROFIT! Being prepared for the usual complaints See also: Wikipedia:Grief How you deal with complaints from suspected spammers about their links being removed or page being deleted is dependent on your personality and your current mood. The only way to find a "strategy" that works for you is through experience, though I can give you a few tips. Successfully dealing with suspected spammers involves using many of these techniques. State specifically and succintly what's wrong with the user's edits. (This takes a bit of practice). Refer to your notes (if applicable) about bad-faith activities. Tell them that systematic additions of external links looks like spamming and if they are a good-faith editor, point them to our tips on not setting off the spam radar. You can also comment on the content of the sites, in which case state specifically which points of WP:ELNO the spammed site(s) fail. Some complaints are abusive. It's best if you ignore these, unless they contain legal threats or severe personal attacks in which case you should get the user blocked. Be prepared to be blunt. Some users are utterly clueless. It can take you several goes to get the point across that they can contribute to the encyclopedia without adding links to a particular website. I've personally contemplated using big colorful blinking text many times, but they get it before I roll this technique out. Ask the hard questions, e.g. why this particular (group of) site(s)? Example application (note the spammer hasn't been seen since). You might want to inform the user about the consequences of spamming Wikipedia and that it can backfire spectacularly: Our global blacklist affects all Wikimedia projects, all of Wikia and hundreds of third-party websites that use our blacklists for spam filtering. We generally do not remove sites from the blacklist at the requests of their owners, but only when high-volume editors can demonstrate a valuable encyclopedic use for the site. Therefore it is extremely difficult to get sites delisted. Some search engines take Wikimedia's blacklists as user submitted spam reports and may result in spammed sites being penalized or delisted from search results. Our records of the spamming may feature prominently in search results for the same reason spammers add links here - high PageRank. This is especially true for persistent spammers. In particular, Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam has a PageRank of 6. Spamming may result in negative PR for your client or employer. If you deleted someone's spam page and they complain about it, don't waffle on about notability. You should explain simply why their page is not permissible in an encyclopedia and appeal to their common sense (and not their knowledge of Wikipedia policy) e.g. "Do Encyclopedia Britannica or World Book contain promotional blurbs about companies written by that company?" Spammers often go through a grieving process. It's your job to get them through this as fast as possible. Tell them it's not worth the effort - it took you several hours to add those links, it took me a minute to remove them. And that's it. Wikipedia is not a restaurant full of bloody Vikings, so kick them out. Useful links Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam (spam reports go here) MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (local spam blacklist) MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist (spam whitelist) m:Talk:Spam blacklist (global spam blacklist) User talk:XLinkBot/RevertList (XLinkBot revert list) URL-Info page analysis tool WikiBlame