User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cavernous sinus thrombosis
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Oblique section through the cavernous sinus. | |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Symptoms | Headache, eye pain, bulging eyes, fever, double vision[1] |
| Complications | Meningitis, brain abscess, pituitary insufficiency[2] |
| Types | Septic (infection), aseptic (no infection)[3] |
| Risk factors | Boil of the nose, sinusitis, dental infection, injury, surgery, easy blood clot formation[3][2] |
| Diagnostic method | CT scan or MRI[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Carotid cavernous fistula, meningioma, orbital cellulitis[3] |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, heparin, corticosteroids, surgery[1] |
| Frequency | Rare[1] |
| Deaths | Up to 30% die[1] |
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains blood from the brain back to the heart.[1] Symptoms may include headache, eye pain, bulging eyes, fever, and double vision.[1] Often one eye is involved initially followed by involvement of the second eye.[3] Complications may include meningitis, brain abscess, and pituitary insufficiency.[2]
There are two types–septic (infection) and aseptic (not infection).[3] Risk factors include infections of the face such as boils on the nose, sinusitis, and dental infections.[2] The bacteria most commonly involved include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus.[2] Other risk factors include injury, surgery, and easy blood clot formation.[3] Diagnosis is generally based on either CT scan or MRI.[2] It is a type of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.[3]
It is a medical emergency.[1] Treatment may include antibiotics, heparin, and corticosteroids.[1] Occasionally surgery is required to drain an abscess the contributed to the condition.[1][3] Up to 30% of people die, despite treatment.[1] Among those who survive vision loss and seizures may occur.[1] Cavernous sinus thrombosis is rare, affecting possibly 0.2 to 1.6 people per 100,000 per year.[1][3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Cavernous sinus thrombosis". nhs.uk. 14 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Eye Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Plewa, MC; Tadi, P; Gupta, M (January 2022). "Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis". PMID 28846357.
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