User:SunriseInBrooklyn/sandbox4

The New York City transportation portal

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The New York City Transportation system has a transportation system which includes one of the largest subway systems in the world; the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel; and an aerial tramway. New York City is also home to an extensive bus system in each of the five boroughs; citywide and Staten Island ferry systems; and numerous yellow taxis and boro taxis throughout the city. Private cars are less used compared to other cities in the rest of the United States.

Within the New York City metropolitan area, the airport system—which includes John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport (located in New Jersey), Stewart Airport and a few smaller facilities—is one of the largest in the world. The Port of New York and New Jersey, which includes the waterways around New York City and its metropolitan area, is one of the busiest seaports in the United States. There are also three commuter rail systems, the PATH rapid transit system to New Jersey, and various ferries between Manhattan and New Jersey. Numerous separate bus systems also operate to Westchester County, Nassau County, and New Jersey. For private vehicles, a system of expressways and parkways connects New York City with its suburbs.

More about transportation in New York City...

Buses	Taxis	Subway	Tramway	PATH	Bridges	Cycling	Ferry	JFK Airport

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Selected article Bow Back Rivers or Stratford Back Rivers is a complex of waterways between Bow and Stratford in east London, England, which connect the River Lea to the River Thames. Starting in the twelfth century, works were carried out to drain Stratford Marshes and several of the waterways were constructed to power watermills. Bow Creek provided the final outfall to the Thames, and the other channels were called Abbey Creek, Channelsea River, City Mill River, Prescott Channel, Pudding Mill River, Three Mills Back River, Three Mills Wall River and Waterworks River. The rivers have been subject to change over centuries, with Alfred the Great diverting the river in 896 to create a second channel, and Queen Matilda bridging both channels around 1110. Because the river system was tidal as far as Hackney Wick, several of the mills were tide mills, including those at Abbey Mills and those at Three Mills, one of which survives. Construction of the New River in the seventeenth century to supply drinking water to London, with subsequent extraction by waterworks companies, led to a lowering of water levels, and the river was gradually canalised to maintain navigation. Significant changes occurred with the creation of the Lee Navigation in 1767, which resulted in the construction of the Hackney Cut and the Limehouse Cut, allowing barges to bypass most of the back rivers. A major reconstruction of the rivers took place in the 1930s, authorised by the River Lee (Flood Relief) Act, but by the 1960s, commercial usage of the waterways had largely ceased. Deteriorating infrastructure led to the rivers dwindling to little more than tidal creeks and they were categorised in 1968 as having no economic or long term future. However, British Waterways decided that their full restoration was an important aim in 2002, and the construction of the main stadium for the 2012 Summer Olympics on an island formed by the rivers has provided funding to construct a new lock and sluices which have stabilised water levels throughout the Olympic site. It was hoped that significant amounts of materials for the construction of the Olympic facilities would be delivered by barge, but this did not happen. Improvements to the channels which form a central feature of the Olympic Park have included the largest aquatic planting scheme ever carried out in Britain. (Full article...) All selected articles Selected biography Edward Johnston, CBE (11 February 1872 – 26 November 1944) was a British craftsman who is regarded, with Rudolf Koch, as the father of modern calligraphy, in the form of the broad edged pen as a writing tool, a particular form of calligraphy. He was born in San José, Uruguay. Johnston started teaching at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London's Southampton Row, where he influenced the typeface designer and sculptor Eric Gill. Then he moved on to the Royal College of Art and many students were inspired by his teachings. In 1912 Johnston followed Gill to Ditchling where he died in 1944. He is most famous for designing the sans-serif Johnston typeface that was used throughout the London Underground system until it was re-designed in the 1980s, as well as the famous roundel symbol used throughout the system. He has also been credited for reviving the art of modern penmanship and lettering single-handedly through his books and teachings. Johnston also devised the simply crafted round calligraphic handwriting style, written with a broad pen, known as the foundational hand. In 1921, students of Johnston founded the Society of Scribes & Illuminators (SSI), probably the world's foremost calligraphy society. (Full article...) All Selected biographies

Selected pictures View of Old London Bridge, circa 1632 by Claude de Jongh. Ruislip Lido Railway's 12-inch (300 mm) gauge locomotive "Mad Bess" hauling a passenger train. Southern approach to the Rotherhithe Tunnel that runs under the River Thames in east London between Rotherhithe and Limehouse. Eurostar Class 373 trains at St Pancras station. Victoria line 2009 Stock train at Euston. Escalators at Westminster Underground station descend between beams and columns of the station box to reach the deep-level Jubilee line platforms. The south façade of King's Cross railway station London terminus of the East Coast Main Line. Hammersmith Bridge, opened in 1887, crosses the River Thames in west London. The original Hampton Court Bridge in 1753, the first of four on the site. Albert Bridge, opened in 1873, crosses the River Thames between Chelsea and Battersea. Archer statue by Eric Aumonier at East Finchley Underground station. "Boris Bikes" from the Santander Cycles hire scheme waiting for use at a docking station in Victoria. The New Routemaster built by Wrightbus has three entrances, two staircases and is designed to be reminiscent of the Routemaster. Woolwich Ferry boats "John Burns" and "James Newman" on the River Thames, 2012. Day (left) and Night (right) sculptures by Sir Jacob Epstein on the London Underground's headquarters at 55 Broadway. Early style tube roundel in mosaic at Maida Vale Underground station. TX4 London Taxi at Heathrow Airport. Arguably the best-preserved disused station building in London, this is the former Alexandra Palace station on the GNR Highgate branch (closed in 1954). It is now in use as a community centre (CUFOS). Vauxhall Bridge across the River Thames opened in 1906 and features sculptures by F. W. Pomeroy. An air raid shelter in a London Underground station during The Blitz. 55 Broadway, headquarters of the UERL and its successors, is a Grade I listed building in Westminster designed by Charles Holden. The multi-level junction between the M23 and M25 motorways near Merstham in Surrey. The M23 passes over the M25 with bridges carrying interchange slip roads for the two motorways in between. London Overground Class 378 train on the East London Line in Hoxton. Camden Lock or Hampstead Road Lock in Camden Town, north London is the only twin lock on the Regents Canal. Duck tour converted DUKW amphibious vehicle exiting the River Thames. Tower bridge; a bascule bridge across the River Thames. Planes waiting at Heathrow Airport's Terminal 4. The newly constructed junction of the Westway (A40) and the West Cross Route (A3220) at White City, circa 1970. Continuation of the West Cross Route northwards under the roundabout was cancelled leaving two short unused stubs for the slip roads that would have been provided for traffic joining or leaving the northern section. London General Omnibus Company B-type bus B340 built in 1911 by AEC. One of a number of London buses purchased by the British military during World War I, this vehicle was operated on the Western Front. A Hansom cab at Somerset House. The western departures concourse of King's Cross railway station. Shaftesbury Avenue from Piccadilly Circus, in the West End of London, 1949. Preserved AEC Routemaster coaches in London Transport Green Line livery. Qantas Boeing 747-400 about to land at Heathrow Airport, seen beyond the roofs of Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow. Tram 2548 calls at Arena tram stop. This is one of the trams on the Tramlink network centred on Croydon in south London. Gondolas of the Emirates Air Line cable car cross the River Thames from Greenwich Peninsula to Royal Docks. Helicopter landing at London Heliport, a jetty constructed in the River Thames in Battersea. London Underground A60 Stock (left) and 1938 Stock (right) trains showing the difference in the sizes of the two types of rolling stock operated on the system. A60 stock trains operated on the surface and sub-surface sections of the Metropolitan line from 1961 to 2012 and 1938 Stock operated on various deep level tube lines from 1938 to 1988. Clapham Common Underground station north and south-bound platforms on the Northern line. Original stations on the Metropolitan Railway from The Illustrated London News, 27 December 1862. Thames Clippers service catamaran on the River Thames. London Underground Battery-electric locomotive L16 designed to operate over tracks where the traction current is turned off for maintenance work. Rail, road and river traffic, seen from the London Eye. Hornsey Lane Bridge, Archway, more commonly known as "Suicide Bridge". Central London Railway poster, published in 1905. A tram of the London United Tramways at Boston Road, Hanwell, circa 1910. Stockwell bus garage, Stockwell, a Grade II* listed building. The Circle routes of Victorian London, comprising the Inner Circle, Middle Circle, Outer Circle and Super Outer Circle. Sailing ships at West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs in 1810. The docks opened in 1802 and closed in 1980 and have since been redeveloped as the Canary Wharf development. All Selected pictures In the news Did you know...

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