Angiopteris
| Angiopteris | |
|---|---|
| |
| Angiopteris evecta | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Marattiales |
| Family: | Marattiaceae |
| Genus: | Angiopteris Hoffm. |
| Type species | |
| Angiopteris evecta (Forster) Hoffmann
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Angiopteris is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes segregated into the genus Archangiopteris, and a once-pinnate monotypic segregate genus has been called Macroglossum, but molecular data supports inclusion of these taxa within a broad concept of Angiopteris.[2]
Angiopteris evecta has been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii, Jamaica, and parts of Central America, where it has become an invasive weed in lower elevation drainages.[3] They feature a large, erect, woody rhizome with a wide base supported by thick roots. The fronds are deltoid, pinnate, 5–8 metres (16–26 ft) long, with spreading leaflets.[4]
Angiopteris is unique among ferns in having explosively dispersed spores, thought to be caused by the cavitation of an airspace between spore layers.[5]
The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Angiopteris evecta.[2]
Species
[edit]Angiopteris taxonomy is poorly understood, with nearly 200 poorly defined species having been named,[2] only a small handful of which are recognized in modern floras As of October 2022[update][6].
Phylogeny of Angiopteris[7][8]
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Unassigned species:
- †Angiopteris angustifoliopsis Kuzitchkina
- Angiopteris brooksii Copel.
- Angiopteris cadierei (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Govaerts & Christenh.
- Angiopteris chongsengiana Senterre & I.Fabre
- Angiopteris confertinervia Ching ex C.Chr. & Tardieu
- Angiopteris crassipes Wall.
- Angiopteris danaeoides Z.R.He & Christenh.
- Angiopteris elliptica Alderw.
- Angiopteris ferox Copel.
- Angiopteris holttumii C.Chr.
- †Angiopteris iberica Delle & Doludenko
- Angiopteris javanica C.Presl
- Angiopteris latipinna (Ching) Z.R.He, W.M.Chu & Christenh.
- Angiopteris microura Copel.
- Angiopteris oblanceolata Ching & Chu H.Wang
- Angiopteris opaca Copel.
- †Angiopteris parvispinellatus (Maljavkina) Faddeeva
- Angiopteris paucinervis W.M.Chu & Z.R.He
- Angiopteris remota Ching & Chu H.Wang
- †Angiopteris richthofenii von Schenk
- Angiopteris sparsisora Ching
- Angiopteris subcuspidata Rosenst.
- Angiopteris subrotundata (Ching) Z.R.He & Christenh.
- †Angiopteris taeniopteroides Yang
- Angiopteris sugongii Gui L.Zhang, J.Y.Xiang & Ting Wang
- Angiopteris undulatostriata Hieron.
- Angiopteris versteegii Alderw.
- Angiopteris winkleri Rosenst.
References
[edit]- ^ "Angiopteris Hoffm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana". Taxon. 57 (3): 737–755. doi:10.1002/tax.573007.
- ^ Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "Phylogeny of marattioid ferns (Marattiaceae) inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup". American Journal of Botany. 95 (5): 626–641. doi:10.3732/ajb.2007308. PMID 21632388.
- ^ Ellison, Don (1999) Cultivated Plants of the World. London: New Holland (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995)
- ^ Hovenkamp, Peter (June 2009). "Spore movement driven by the spore wall in an eusporangiate fern". Grana. 48 (2): 122–127. Bibcode:2009Grana..48..122H. doi:10.1080/00173130902804331. S2CID 51794034.
- ^ Hassler, Michael (2004–2022). "Genus Angiopteris Hoffm". World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 14.1. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
- ^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
- ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.6.0 [GenBank release 259]. 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
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