Binnya Ran II

Binnya Ran II
ဒုတိယ ဗညားရံ
Binnya Ran II ; ဒုတိယ ဗညားရံ
King of Hanthawaddy
Reign	c. 1492–1526
Coronation	29 January 1493
Predecessor	Dhammazedi
Successor	Taka Yut Pi
Born	c. February 1469 ; Tuesday, 830 ME; Pegu (Bago)
Died	1526 (aged 57) ; 888 ME; Pegu
Consort	Agga Thiri Maya Dewi ; Maha Yaza Dewi ; Atula Dewi ; Yaza Dewi
Issue	Yazadipati ; Taka Yut Pi ; Smim Htaw
House	Wareru
Father	Dhammazedi
Mother	Yaza Dewi II of Hanthawaddy
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Binnya Ran II (Burmese: ဒုတိယ ဗညားရံ, pronounced [dṵtḭja̰ bəɲá jàɰ̃]; Mon: ဗညားရာံ; 1469–1526) the 17th king of the Kingdom of Hanthawaddy in Burma from 1492 to 1526. He was revered for his gentleness although his first act as king was to enforce the massacre of the kinsmen, putting all the royal offspring to death.^[3]

During the confusion of Binnya Ran's ascension, Mingyi Nyo of Toungoo who at the time was a vassal of Ava, without King Minkhaung II's permission, sent a probing raid into Hanthawaddy territory. Binnya Ran II sent in a retaliatory raid of the city of Toungoo itself.^[4] After the show of force, Hanthawaddy was free of any incursions.

In 1501, he assembled an army of thousands to travel up the Irrawaddy river to pay pilgrimage to the Shwezigon Pagoda at Pagan inside Ava's territory. When the king of Prome, a small kingdom wedged between Ava and Hanthawaddy, checked him, he replied: "I could conquer both you and Ava but I do not wish. I only wish to worship before the Shwezigon". He returned peacefully after having worshiped there.^[3]

Family[edit]

The king had at least four senior queens in 1495.^{[note 2]}

Queen	Rank	Issue	Reference
Agga Thiri Maya Dewi	Chief queen	unknown	^[5]
Maha Yaza Dewi	Senior queen	unknown
Atula Dewi	Senior queen	unknown
Yaza Dewi	Senior queen	unknown

The king had at least three sons: Heir-apparent Yazadipati, Taka Yut Pi (Taka Rat Pi),^[6] and Smim Htaw.

Historiography[edit]

Chronicles	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign	Reference
Slapat Rajawan	c. 1446–1526/27	80 (81st year)	1491/92–1526/27	35	^{[note 3]}
Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw)	1468/69–1526/27	57 (58th year)	1491/92–1526/27	35	^{[note 4]}

Notes[edit]

^ (Schmidt 1906: 139): 13th waxing of Tabodwe 854 ME = 29 January 1493
^ (Aung-Thwin 2017: 278–279, 345, 356) directly quoting H.L. Shorto's translation of the second volume of the Pak Lat Chronicles regarding Binnya Ran II's coronation ceremony at the Shwemawdaw Pagoda. The ceremony took over the course of two days (2 April to 3 April 1495). The dates of the two days as described in Pak Lat's original text are Thursday, the 9th waxing of Ashadha (Waso) 857 ME (Sunday, 31 May 1495), followed by the "next day" of Friday, the 11th waxing of Vaishakha (Kason) 857 ME (Friday, 3 April 1495). Both dates cannot be true since the first day is nearly a month later than the day that supposedly followed it. Furthermore, the first date translates to a Sunday (not Thursday), and thus is incorrect. The second date does translate to a Friday, and is likely correct.
^ Schmidt's translation (Schmidt 1906: 141) mistakenly reports the length of king's reign as 45 years but the actual manuscript in Mon, as printed a page earlier (Schmidt 1906: 140), shows the length of reign as 35 years. According to (Schmidt 1906: 139–141), the king came to power in 853 ME (1491/92) in his 46th year (aged 45), and died in his 81st year (at age 80) in 888 ME (1526/27), having reigned for 35 years.
Overall, the chronicle's age at death of 80 (meaning he was born c. 1446) is improbable since the king's father Dhammazedi was still a monk until c. 1458.
^ (Shwe Naw 1922: 97–98, 104): He was born in 830 ME (1468/69) on a Tuesday; ascended the throne in his 23rd year (at age 22); reigned 35 years; and died in 888 ME (1526/27) in his 58th year (at age 57).

References[edit]

^ Shwe Naw 1922: 97
^ Shwe Naw 1922: 104
^ ^a ^b Harvey 1925: 120
^ Fernquest 2005
^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 278–279
^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 283

Bibliography[edit]

Athwa, Sayadaw (1766). "Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte". Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien (in German). 151. Translated by P.W. Schmidt (1906 ed.). Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017). Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6783-6.
Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2005). "Min-gyi-nyo, the Shan Invasions of Ava (1524–27), and the Beginnings of Expansionary Warfare in Toungoo Burma: 1486–1539" (PDF). SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 3 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Shwe Naw, ed. (1785). Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw) (in Burmese). Translated by Shwe Naw (1922 ed.). Yangon: Burma Publishing Workers Association Press.

Regnal titles
Binnya Ran II Hanthawaddy Dynasty Born: 1469 Died: 1526
Preceded by Dhammazedi	King of Hanthawaddy 1492–1526	Succeeded by Takayutpi
Royal titles
Preceded by Dhammazedi	Heir to the Hanthawaddy Throne 1483–1492	Succeeded by Yazadipati

[1] (Schmidt 1906: 139): 13th waxing of Tabodwe 854 ME = 29 January 1493

[6] (Aung-Thwin 2017: 278–279, 345, 356) directly quoting H.L. Shorto's translation of the second volume of the Pak Lat Chronicles regarding Binnya Ran II's coronation ceremony at the Shwemawdaw Pagoda. The ceremony took over the course of two days (2 April to 3 April 1495). The dates of the two days as described in Pak Lat's original text are Thursday, the 9th waxing of Ashadha (Waso) 857 ME (Sunday, 31 May 1495), followed by the "next day" of Friday, the 11th waxing of Vaishakha (Kason) 857 ME (Friday, 3 April 1495). Both dates cannot be true since the first day is nearly a month later than the day that supposedly followed it. Furthermore, the first date translates to a Sunday (not Thursday), and thus is incorrect. The second date does translate to a Friday, and is likely correct.

[9] Schmidt's translation (Schmidt 1906: 141) mistakenly reports the length of king's reign as 45 years but the actual manuscript in Mon, as printed a page earlier (Schmidt 1906: 140), shows the length of reign as 35 years. According to (Schmidt 1906: 139–141), the king came to power in 853 ME (1491/92) in his 46th year (aged 45), and died in his 81st year (at age 80) in 888 ME (1526/27), having reigned for 35 years.
Overall, the chronicle's age at death of 80 (meaning he was born c. 1446) is improbable since the king's father Dhammazedi was still a monk until c. 1458.

[10] (Shwe Naw 1922: 97–98, 104): He was born in 830 ME (1468/69) on a Tuesday; ascended the throne in his 23rd year (at age 22); reigned 35 years; and died in 888 ME (1526/27) in his 58th year (at age 57).

[my-97-2] Shwe Naw 1922: 97

[sn-104-3] Shwe Naw 1922: 104

[geh-120-4] Harvey 1925: 120

[jf-5] Fernquest 2005

[mat-278-279-7] Aung-Thwin 2017: 278–279

[mat-283-8] Aung-Thwin 2017: 283

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[note 2]

[5]

[6]

[note 3]

[note 4]

v t e Burmese monarchs
Pagan dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹ Regent or Co-Regent ² Mongol vassal (1297) ³ Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴ Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵ Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)