List of 1964 Winter Olympics medal winners

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Two people are in a figure skating spin, the man is upright on the left, spinning the woman around himself.
Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova of the Soviet Union won the gold medal in the pairs' figure skating event in Innsbruck.

The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known by the International Olympic Committee as the IX Olympic Winter Games, were a multi-sport event held in Innsbruck, Austria, from 29 January through 9 February 1964. A total of 1,095 athletes representing 36 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games in 34 events across 10 disciplines.[1][2]

The Olympic program was adjusted from that of the 1960 Squaw Valley Olympics with the return of bobsleigh and luge after the sports had been skipped due to the lack of facilities for them in Squaw Valley.[2][3] Unlike the preceding Games, a demonstration sport, ice stock sport, was incorporated into the 1964 Olympic program. This was the second and most recent occasion on which this sport (a German variant of curling), had been played as a demonstration sport at the Winter Olympics; the first appearance was at the 1936 Winter Olympics.[4] Both men and women participated in the 1964 Games, with twelve women's events incorporated into the program.[1]

The Soviet Union won the most medals; its athletes collected a total of 25, 11 of which were gold. Norway placed second, with 15 medals, and host nation Austria placed third, with 12 medals. Of the 36 competing NOCs, 14 won at least one medal, with 11 of these winning at least one gold.[1] The 1964 Games were marred by the deaths of two competitors during training – the British luge competitor Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski and the Australian alpine skier Ross Milne.[5]

The Scandinavian nations Sweden, Norway and Finland, as well as the Soviet Union, repeated their dominance of the 1960 cross-country skiing medal tally in 1964 – together, they won all of the medals attainable for this sport. Similarly, Germany had great success at the luge competition, with the United Team of Germany winning five of the available nine medals.[1] Two participants representing Great Britain placed first in the two-man bobsleigh event, earning that nation its first Winter Olympics gold medal in 12 years.[6] Lidiya Skoblikova, a speed skater representing the Soviet Union, earned the most medals at the 1964 Games, winning gold in all four of the women's events in her sport. This achievement made Skoblikova the first Winter Olympian to win four individual gold medals in one edition of the Games.[7]

Alpine skiing[edit]

A woman looks at the camera and smiles.
Marielle Goitschel won two medals in alpine skiing at Innsbruck.
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's downhill[8]
details
Egon Zimmermann
 Austria
Léo Lacroix
 France
Wolfgang Bartels
 United Team of Germany
Men's slalom[9]
details
Josef Stiegler
 Austria
Billy Kidd
 United States
James Heuga
 United States
Men's giant slalom[10]
details
François Bonlieu
 France
Karl Schranz
 Austria
Josef Stiegler
 Austria
Women's downhill[11]
details
Christl Haas
 Austria
Edith Zimmermann
 Austria
Traudl Hecher
 Austria
Women's slalom[12]
details
Christine Goitschel
 France
Marielle Goitschel
 France
Jean Saubert
 United States
Women's giant slalom[13]
details
Marielle Goitschel
 France
Christine Goitschel
 France
None awarded
Jean Saubert
 United States

Biathlon[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's 20 km[14]
details
Vladimir Melanin
 Soviet Union
Aleksandr Privalov
 Soviet Union
Olav Jordet
 Norway

Bobsleigh[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's two-man
details
 Great Britain (GBR)[15]
Anthony Nash
Robin Dixon
 Italy (ITA)[16]
Sergio Zardini
Romano Bonagura
 Italy (ITA)[16]
Eugenio Monti
Sergio Siorpaes
Men's four-man
details
 Canada (CAN)[17]
Vic Emery
Peter Kirby
Douglas Anakin
John Emery
 Austria (AUT)[18]
Erwin Thaler
Adolf Koxeder
Josef Nairz
Reinhold Durnthaler
 Italy (ITA)[16]
Eugenio Monti
Sergio Siorpaes
Benito Rigoni
Gildo Siorpaes

Cross-country skiing[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's 15 km[19]
details
Eero Mäntyranta
 Finland
Harald Grønningen
 Norway
Sixten Jernberg
 Sweden
Men's 30 km[20]
details
Eero Mäntyranta
 Finland
Harald Grønningen
 Norway
Igor Voronchikhin
 Soviet Union
Men's 50 km[21]
details
Sixten Jernberg
 Sweden
Assar Rönnlund
 Sweden
Arto Tiainen
 Finland
Men's 4 x 10 km relay
details
 Sweden (SWE)[22]
Karl-Åke Asph
Sixten Jernberg
Janne Stefansson
Assar Rönnlund
 Finland (FIN)[23]
Väinö Huhtala
Arto Tiainen
Kalevi Laurila
Eero Mäntyranta
 Soviet Union (URS)[24]
Ivan Utrobin
Gennady Vaganov
Igor Voronchikhin
Pavel Kolchin
Women's 5 km[25]
details
Klavdiya Boyarskikh
 Soviet Union
Mirja Lehtonen
 Finland
Alevtina Kolchina
 Soviet Union
Women's 10 km[26]
details
Klavdiya Boyarskikh
 Soviet Union
Yevdokiya Mekshilo
 Soviet Union
Maria Gusakova
 Soviet Union
Women's 3 x 5 km relay
details
 Soviet Union (URS)[24]
Alevtina Kolchina
Yevdokiya Mekshilo
Klavdiya Boyarskikh
 Sweden (SWE)[22]
Barbro Martinsson
Britt Strandberg
Toini Gustafsson
 Finland (FIN)[23]
Senja Pusula
Toini Pöysti
Mirja Lehtonen

Figure skating[edit]

French figure skating silver medallist Alain Calmat in 1963
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's singles[27]
details
Manfred Schnelldorfer
 United Team of Germany
Alain Calmat
 France
Scott Allen
 United States
Ladies' singles[28]
details
Sjoukje Dijkstra
 Netherlands
Regine Heitzer
 Austria
Petra Burka
 Canada
Pairs[29][30]
details
 Soviet Union (URS)
Ludmila Belousova
Oleg Protopopov
 United Team of Germany (EUA)
Marika Kilius
Hans-Jürgen Bäumler
 Canada (CAN)
Debbi Wilkes
Guy Revell
 United States (USA)
Vivian Joseph
Ronald Joseph

Ice hockey[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's team
details
 Soviet Union (URS)[31]
Veniamin Alexandrov
Aleksandr Almetov
Vitaly Davydov
Anatoli Firsov
Eduard Ivanov
Viktor Konovalenko
Victor Kuzkin
Konstantin Loktev
Boris Mayorov
Yevgeni Mayorov
Stanislav Petukhov
Alexander Ragulin
Vyacheslav Starshinov
Leonid Volkov
Victor Yakushev
Boris Zaitzev
Oleg Zaytsev
 Sweden (SWE)[32]
Anders Andersson
Gert Blomé
Lennart Häggroth
Lennart Johansson
Nils Johansson
Sven "Tumba" Johansson
Lars-Eric Lundvall
Eilert Määttä
Hans Mild
Nisse Nilsson
Bert-Ola Nordlander
Carl-Göran Öberg
Uno Öhrlund
Ronald Pettersson
Ulf Sterner
Roland Stoltz
Kjell Svensson
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)[33]
Vlastimil Bubník
Josef Černý
Jiří Dolana
Vladimír Dzurilla
Jozef Golonka
František Gregor
Jiří Holik
Jaroslav Jiřík
Jan Klapáč
Vladimír Nadrchal
Rudolf Potsch
Stanislav Prýl
Ladislav Šmíd
Stanislav Sventek
František Tikal
Miroslav Vlach
Jaroslav Walter

Luge[edit]

Ortrun Enderlein participating in luge, in the middle of her run
East German gold medallist Ortrun Enderlein in 1964
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's singles[34]
details
Thomas Köhler
 United Team of Germany
Klaus Bonsack
 United Team of Germany
Hans Plenk
 United Team of Germany
Women's singles[35]
details
Ortrun Enderlein
 United Team of Germany
Ilse Geisler
 United Team of Germany
Helene Thurner
 Austria
Men's doubles
details
 Austria (AUT)[36]
Josef Feistmantl
Manfred Stengl
 Austria (AUT)[36]
Reinhold Senn
Helmut Thaler
 Italy (ITA)[37]
Walter Aussendorfer
Sigisfredo Mair

Nordic combined[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's[38]
details
Tormod Knutsen
 Norway
Nikolay Kiselyov
 Soviet Union
Georg Thoma
 United Team of Germany

Ski jumping[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's normal hill[39]
details
Veikko Kankkonen
 Finland
Toralf Engan
 Norway
Torgeir Brandtzæg
 Norway
Men's large hill[40]
details
Toralf Engan
 Norway
Veikko Kankkonen
 Finland
Torgeir Brandtzæg
 Norway

Speed skating[edit]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's 500 metres[41]
details
Terry McDermott
 United States
Alv Gjestvang
 Norway
Yevgeny Grishin
 Soviet Union
Vladimir Orlov
 Soviet Union
None awarded[a]
Men's 1500 metres[42]
details
Ants Antson
 Soviet Union
Kees Verkerk
 Netherlands
Villy Haugen
 Norway
Men's 5000 metres[43]
details
Knut Johannesen
 Norway
Per Ivar Moe
 Norway
Fred Anton Maier
 Norway
Men's 10000 metres[44]
details
Jonny Nilsson
 Sweden
Fred Anton Maier
 Norway
Knut Johannesen
 Norway
Women's 500 metres[45]
details
Lidiya Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Irina Yegorova
 Soviet Union
Tatyana Sidorova
 Soviet Union
Women's 1000 metres[46]
details
Lidiya Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Irina Yegorova
 Soviet Union
Kaija Mustonen
 Finland
Women's 1500 metres[47]
details
Lidiya Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Kaija Mustonen
 Finland
Berta Kolokoltseva
 Soviet Union
Women's 3000 metres[48]
details
Lidiya Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Han Pil-Hwa
 North Korea
Valentina Stenina
 Soviet Union
None awarded[b]

Multiple medalists[edit]

Athletes who won multiple medals during the 1964 Winter Olympics are listed below.[1]

Athlete Nation Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Lidiya Skoblikova  Soviet Union (URS) Speed skating 4 0 0 4
Klavdiya Boyarskikh  Soviet Union (URS) Cross-country skiing 3 0 0 3
Eero Mäntyranta  Finland (FIN) Cross-country skiing 2 1 0 3
Sixten Jernberg  Sweden (SWE) Cross-country skiing 2 0 1 3
Christine Goitschel  France (FRA) Alpine skiing 1 1 0 2
Marielle Goitschel  France (FRA) Alpine skiing 1 1 0 2
Yevdokiya Mekshilo  Soviet Union (URS) Cross-country skiing 1 1 0 2
Toralf Engan  Norway (NOR) Ski jumping 1 1 0 2
Veikko Kankkonen  Finland (FIN) Ski jumping 1 1 0 2
Assar Rönnlund  Sweden (SWE) Cross-country skiing 1 1 0 2
Alevtina Kolchina  Soviet Union (URS) Cross-country skiing 1 0 1 2
Knut Johannesen  Norway (NOR) Speed skating 1 0 1 2
Josef Stiegler  Austria (AUT) Alpine skiing 1 0 1 2
Irina Yegorova  Soviet Union (URS) Speed skating 0 2 0 2
Harald Grønningen  Norway (NOR) Cross-country skiing 0 2 0 2
Mirja Lehtonen  Finland (FIN) Cross-country skiing 0 1 1 2
Kaija Mustonen  Finland (FIN) Speed skating 0 1 1 2
Jean Saubert  United States (USA) Alpine skiing 0 1 1 2
Fred Anton Maier  Norway (NOR) Speed skating 0 1 1 2
Arto Tiainen  Finland (FIN) Cross-country skiing 0 1 1 2
Torgeir Brandtzæg  Norway (NOR) Ski jumping 0 0 2 2
Eugenio Monti  Italy (ITA) Bobsleigh 0 0 2 2
Sergio Siorpaes  Italy (ITA) Bobsleigh 0 0 2 2
Igor Voronchikhin  Soviet Union (URS) Cross-country skiing 0 0 2 2

Notes[edit]

  • a No bronze medal was awarded in this event because three competitors tied for second place with a time of 40.6 seconds.[41]
  • b No bronze medal was awarded in this event because Skoblikova and Han tied for second with a time of 5 minutes 18.5 seconds.[48]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Innsbruck 1964 Winter Olympics". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  3. ^ "Squaw Valley 1960 Winter Olympics". International Olympic Committee. 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  4. ^ "Austrian Curling Set For Revival". The Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta: Postmedia Network. 27 March 1980. p. B9. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  5. ^ "Aussies' Milne dies of injuries". The Bulletin. Bend, Oregon. United Press International. 25 January 1964. p. 5. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  6. ^ "Innsbruck 1964". Winter Games: Past Games. British Olympic Association. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  7. ^ "Lidiya Skoblikova". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. 2011. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  8. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Downhill Archived 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  9. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Slalom Archived 2018-02-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  10. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Giant Slalom Archived 2018-02-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  11. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's Downhill Archived 2018-02-27 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  12. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's Slalom Archived 2018-03-01 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  13. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's Giant Slalom Archived 2018-03-01 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  14. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Biathlon at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 20 kilometres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  15. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  16. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  17. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Canada Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2017-07-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  18. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  19. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 15 kilometres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  20. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 30 kilometres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  21. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 50 kilometres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  22. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Sweden Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  23. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Finland Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  24. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Soviet Union Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  25. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 5 kilometres Archived 2018-02-07 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  26. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Cross Country Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 10 kilometres Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  27. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Figure Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Singles Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  28. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Figure Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's Singles Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  29. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Soviet Union Figure Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  30. ^ "Olympic Results (1964 Innsbruck Mixed Pairs' Figure Skating)". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  31. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Soviet Union Ice Hockey at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  32. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Sweden Ice Hockey at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  33. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Czechoslovakia Ice Hockey at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2017-10-20 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  34. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Luge at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Singles Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  35. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Luge at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's Singles Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  36. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Austria Luge at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  37. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Luge at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  38. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Nordic Combined at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Individual Archived 2017-09-01 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  39. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Ski Jumping at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Normal Hill, Individual Archived 2017-07-28 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  40. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Ski Jumping at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's Large Hill, Individual Archived 2017-08-03 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  41. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 500 metres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  42. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 1,500 metres Archived 2018-01-14 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  43. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 5,000 metres Archived 2018-01-14 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  44. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Men's 10,000 metres Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  45. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 500 metres Archived 2018-01-31 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  46. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 1,000 metres Archived 2018-01-31 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  47. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 1,500 metres Archived 2018-01-31 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  48. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Speed Skating at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games: Women's 3,000 metres Archived 2018-01-31 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.

External links[edit]