List of estimates of the number of victims of massacres committed by the UPA against Poles and of Polish retaliatory actions

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This list shows the estimates of the number of casualties in the mutual massacres between Poles and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).

= Historian = Political science = Research group
Estimates of casualties, Poles killed by Ukrainians
Author Volhynia Galicia VOL+GAL V+G+P E. POL Source Notes
Timothy Snyder 50k – – – In Past and Present (p. 202) "Ukrainian partisans killed about fifty thousand Volhynian Poles and forced tens of thousands more to flee in 1943."
Timothy Snyder >40k 10k - – – [1] 10k is in March '44, >40k in July '43
Timothy Snyder 40-60k in '43 25k - – 5k The Reconstruction of Nations, 2004 5k is Lublin and Rzeszów; "killed by the UPA"; "limited the death toll of Polish civilians to about twenty-five thousand in Galicia"
Timothy Snyder - 5–10k – – – [2] "Throughout spring 1944"; "Polish preparations and Ukrainian warnings limited the deaths to perhaps 5,000–10,000"
Grzegorz Motyka 40-60k – - 80-100k 6-8k W kręgu Łun w Bieszczadach, 2009, page 13 net is from '43 to '47
Grzegorz Motyka 40-60k 30-40k - 100k 6-8k Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pages 447–448
Ivan Katchanovski 35-60k – – – Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine Katchanovski considers the lower bound 35k to be more likely; cited Snyder, Hrytsiuk
Grzegorz Hryciuk 35-60k – – – "Vtraty naselennia na Volyni u 1941-1944rr." Ukraina-Polshcha: Vazhki Pytannia, Vol. 5. Warsaw: Tyrsa, 2001 Cited by Katchanovski
Grzegorz Hryciuk 35.7-60k - – – – Hryciuk G. Przemiany narodowosciowe i ludnosciowe w Galicji Wschodniej i na Wolyniu w latach 1931–1948 / G. Hryciuk. – Torun, 2005. – S. 279.[a] Cited by Kalischuk
Grzegorz Hryciuk - 20–24k - – – Straty ludnosci w Galicji Wschodniej w latach 1941–1945 / G. Hryciuk // Polska–Ukraina: trudne pytania. – Warszawa, 2000. – V. 6. – P. 294.[b] Cited by Kalischuk; from 43 to 46; 8820 in '43-mid'44; "according to relevant contemporary Polish sources"
Grzegorz Hryciuk 35.7-60k 20-24k - – - G.Hryciuk, Przemiany narodowosciowe i ludnosciowe w Galicji Wschodniej i na Wolyniu w latach 1931–1948, Toruń 2005, pp. 279, 315 [c] for Eastern Galicia "primary balance" relied on "fragmentary and often incomplete documentation" and witnesses' testimonies; 20-25k in 1941-1946 and 20-24k in 1943-1946
P.R. Magocsi – – – 50k – Magocsi; A History of Ukraine, 2010, pp. 681-682 "among the more reasonable estimates"
Niall Ferguson – – 60-80k - The war of the world, 2007[citation needed] Fergusson is citing other authors (which ones?)
John Paul Himka – – "tens of thousands" – [3] "One of the things that emerged clearly from this discussion was that UPA and OUN were responsible for the murder of tens of thousands of Poles in Western Ukraine."
Per Anders Rudling 40-70k – - 7k Theory and Practice, 2006 below note
Rossolinski-Liebe – – 70-100k – - The Ukrainian national revolution (2011), p. 84; Celebrating fascism... (2010), p. 3
Ewa Siemaszko 60k 70k 130k 133k Bilans zbrodni, 2010 [4] According to Rudling it is the most extensive study of the Polish casualties (Rudling, "The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust...", p. 50)
Marek Jasiak – – – 60-70k Redrawing Nations, p174 "In Podole, Volhynia, and Lublin"
Terles 50k 60-70k – 100-200k In Ethnic Cleansing p. 61
Karta 35k 29.8k – – 6.5k "Polska-Ukraina", t.7, 2000, p. 159, cited by Kalishchuk: here [5] Karta based mostly on: Siemaszko for Volhynia (documented number) and Cz.Blicharski for Tarnopol voivodsh.
Katarina Wolczuk – - – 60-100k "The Difficulties of Polish–Ukrainian Historical Reconciliation," paper published by the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 2002, cited by Marples
Common communicate of PL and UKR historians 50-60k 20-25k – 5-6k "Polska-Ukraina: trudne pytania", 2000, t. 9, p. 403. "Polish casualties acc. to Polish sources"
Ryszard Torzecki 30-40k 30-40k 80-100k 10-20k (Polesie and Lublin) R. Torzecki, Polacy i Ukraińcy. Sprawa ukraińska podczas II wojny światowej na terenie II Rzeczypospolitej, 1993, p. 267
IPN 60-80k – – – Oddziałowa Komisja w Lublinie, January 2012 "It is estimated that about 60, or even 80 thousand people of Polish nationality were murdered in Volhynia."
Norman Davies – – - "hundreds of thousands" 'God's playground. A history of Poland', Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 350 [6] Estimate includes both Poles and Ukrainians killed by UPA
Czesław Partacz – – – 134-200k Przemilczane w ukraińskiej historiografii przyczyny ludobójstwa popełnionego przez OUN-UPA na ludności polskiej [in:] Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946, Bogusław Paź (edition), Wrocław 2011 [verification needed][page needed]
Lucyna Kulińska – – – 150-200k "Dzieci Kresów III", Kraków 2009, p. 467 [verification needed]
Anna M. Cienciala - - 40-60k The Rebirth of Poland. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor Anna M. Cienciala, 2004 "During WWII, the Bandera faction of the Ukrainian Insurrectionary Army (UPA) murdered 40,000–60,000 Poles living in the villages of former Volhynia and former East Galicia."
Pertti Ahonen et al. – - 100,000 - Pertti Ahonen, Gustavo Corni, Jerzy Kochanowski, Rainer Schulze, Tamás Stark, Barbara Stelzl-Marx, People on the Move: Population Transfers and Ethnic Cleansing Policies During World War II and Its Aftermath. Berg Publishers. 2008. p. 99. "The ethnic cleansing conducted by Ukrainian nationalists, discussed in chapter 2, killed about 100,000 Poles and made refugees out of another 300,000."
George Liber 25–70k 20–70k 50–100k – Total Wars and the Making of Modern Ukraine, 1914–1954 "Scholars in Poland, Ukraine, the United States, and Europe estimate that in 1943 and 1944 the members of the OUN-B and UPA killed between 25,000 to 70,000 Poles in Western Volhynia, and then another 20,000 to 70,000 in Eastern Galicia... between 50,000 to 100,000 Poles... died by violent means."
Estimates of casualties, Ukrainians killed by Poles
Author Volhynia Galicia VOL+GAL V+G+P E. POL Source Notes
Grzegorz Motyka 2-3k – - 10-20k 8-12k W kregu łun w Bieszczadach, Rytm 2009, page 13 1943–1947, The number for total includes those killed in Volhynia, Galicia, territories of present-day (eastern) Poland
Grzegorz Motyka 2-3k 1-2k - 10/11-15k 8-10k Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, page 448 1943–1947; According to Motyka, numbers of Ukrainian casualties from hands of Poles >= 30k are "simply pulled out of thin air".
P.A. Rudling 20k – 11k in "Historical Representation of the Wartime Accounts of the Activities of the OUN..." citation: "Most mainstream estimates" "growing consensus, is [...] up to 20,000 Ukrainians killed by AK in Volhynia."
P. R. Magocsi – – – 20k Magocsi; A History of Ukraine, 2010, pp. 681-682 "among the more reasonable estimates"
T. Snyder 10k – – Past and Present "Over the course of 1943, perhaps ten thousand Ukrainian civilians were killed by Polish self-defence units, Soviet partisans, and German police."
T. Snyder – – - about 5k The reconstruction of nations p. 176 in Lublin and Rzeszów only, 1943–1944
Rossolinski-Liebe – – – 10-20k – "Celebrating Fascism" (p. 3) "Poles were fully responsible for killing between 10,000 and 20,000 Ukrainians (both OUN-UPA members and civilians) during and after World War II."
Katarina Wolczuk – - 15-30k UK scholar. Cited by Marples.
Katrina Witt – – 15-30k Ukrainian Memory and Victimhood, p101 Cited Marples, who cites Wolczuk.
Karta unknown unknown – 7.5k "Polska-Ukraina", t.7, 2000, p. 159, cited by Kalishchuk: here [5]
Zashkilniak L. and M. Krykun – – 35k Zashkilniak L., M. Krykun History of Poland: from ancient times to the present day / L. Over- Shkilnyak – Lviv, 2002. – p. 527 Cited by Kalishchuk.
Anna M. Cienciala - - - 20k - The Rebirth of Poland. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor Anna M. Cienciala, 2004 ...the Poles killed some 20,000 Ukrainians, mostly in former East Galicia in reprisal.
George Liber 2–20k 1–4k 8–20k – Total Wars and the Making of Modern Ukraine, 1914–1954 p. 237 "In [1943–44], the Home Army and other Polish underground units killed 2,000 to 20,000 Ukrainians in Western Volhynia and another 1,000 to 4,000 in Galicia."

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Hryciuk writes (quote): "Dotychczasowe ustalenia zdają się świadczyć, że straty bezpowrotne ludności polskiej na Wołyniu w latach 1941-1944 wynieść mogły 70 tys. osób, z czego około 35,7 do 60 tys. przypadałoby na polskie ofiary ukraińskiej "czystki etnicznej""
  2. ^ Hryciuk writes (quote): "Po uwzględnieniu tej dokumentacji, a także informacji zaczerpniętych z powojennych relacji i wspomnień polskich mieszkańców Galicji Wschodniej, wstępny bilans strat polskich poniesionych w wyniku akcji nacjonalistycznych oddziałów ukraińskich w latach 1941-45 mógłby wynosić 20-25 tys. ofiar. Jak się wydaje, ogólna liczba strat ludności polskiej w 1941 roku nie przekroczyła zapewne 500-1000 osób. W latach 1943-1946 można ją szacować na około 20-24 tys. osób"
  3. ^ Hryciuk writes (quote from p. 315): "Odwołując się do wyrywkowej i często niekompletnej dokumentacji polskiej, ukraińskiej i radzieckiej, uwzględniając także informacje zaczerpnięte z powojennych relacji i wspomnień polskich mieszkańców Galicji Wschodniej wstępny bilans strat polskich poniesionych w wyniku akcji nacjonalistycznych oddziałów ukraińskich na tym obszarze określić można w latach 1941-1946 na 20-25 tys. ofiar, z tego w 1943 r. - do około 2 tys., w 1944 r. 13-16 tys., 1945-1946 – 5-6 tys.; 3-3,5 tys. w woj. stanisławowskim, 5-6 tys. w woj. lwowskim i najwięcej - 12 do 15 tys. w woj. tarnopolskim."

References[edit]

  1. ^ Timothy Snyder (2002). Jan-Werner Müller (ed.). Memory and Power. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 052100070X. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Snyder 2001.
  3. ^ Himka, John-Paul (2010). "The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army: Unwelcome Elements of an Identity Project". Ab Imperio. 2010 (4): 83–101 [94]. doi:10.1353/imp.2010.0101. S2CID 130590374.
  4. ^ Siemaszko, Ewa (2010). "Bilans zbrodni". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej. No. 7–8. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  5. ^ a b "Наукова періодика України - НБУВ Національна бібліотека України імені В. І. Вернадського" (PDF). www.nbuv.gov.ua. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  6. ^ Davies, Norman (24 February 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199253401. Retrieved 2022-02-28 – via Google Books.

Bibliography[edit]

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