List of fully civilian crewed orbital spaceflights
Following the definition that a civilian is someone who is not part of their country's armed forces, there have been a total of 27 fully civilian crewed orbital space missions (2025), listed below:[1][2]
List
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See also
[edit]- List of Soyuz missions
- List of human spaceflights
- List of fully civilian crewed suborbital spaceflights
- Timeline of private spaceflight
Notes
[edit]- ^ Wang was born in China but lives primarily in Svalbard and since 2023 is also a citizen of Malta and Saint Kitts and Nevis through their golden visa programs. He will wear the flag of Malta on his spacesuit during the spaceflight.[4]
- ^ Mikkelsen was born in the United Kingdom, but is now a citizen of Norway. She will wear the flag of Norway on her spacesuit during the spaceflight.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Crew Dragon has flown four more people—all private citizens—into space". 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
- ^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (2021-09-09). "Soyuz TMA-3, TMA-3M, TMA-7M, TMA-11M, TMA-17M, TMA-20M, Soyuz MS-01, MS-03, MS-05, MS-06, MS-08, MS-09, MS-17, MS-18 and SpaceX Crew-2. As well as 13 all-civilian suborbital space flights" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Jonathan McDowell (2023-03-02). "Jonathan's Space Report | Human Spaceflight: Rides". Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ^ Rogge, Rabea [@rprogge] (27 November 2024). "We just completed another round of training!" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 March 2025 – via Twitter.
- ^ Bjørnstad, Nora Thorp (2 December 2024). "Jannicke Mikkelsen blir første nordmann i verdensrommet: Her er det første bildet" [Jannicke Mikkelsen becomes the first Norwegian in space: Here is the first photo]. VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 March 2025.