STX6

STX6
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2NPS, 4J2C
Identifiers
Aliases	STX6, syntaxin 6
External IDs	OMIM: 603944; MGI: 1926235; HomoloGene: 115622; GeneCards: STX6; OMA:STX6 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	181,023,121 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	155,084,002 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; endothelial cell; ; gingival epithelium; ; ganglionic eminence; ; Brodmann area 23; ; skin of thigh; ; skin of hip; ; monocyte; ; primary visual cortex; ; cartilage tissue;
	Top expressed in
	external carotid artery; ; internal carotid artery; ; Rostral migratory stream; ; conjunctival fornix; ; epithelium of lens; ; medullary collecting duct; ; endocardial cushion; ; hair follicle; ; left lung lobe; ; Gonadal ridge;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; syntaxin binding; SNAP receptor activity; SNARE binding;
Cellular component	membrane; plasma membrane; SNARE complex; early endosome; phagocytic vesicle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; clathrin-coated vesicle; trans-Golgi network; integral component of membrane; Golgi membrane; trans-Golgi network membrane; Golgi apparatus; nucleoplasm; cytosol; synaptic vesicle; integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane; endomembrane system;
Biological process	endosome organization; regulation of protein localization; vesicle docking; retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi; Golgi vesicle transport; protein transport; vesicle fusion; Golgi ribbon formation; vesicle-mediated transport; intracellular protein transport; endocytic recycling; synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10228
	58244
	ENSG00000135823
	ENSMUSG00000026470
	O43752
	Q9JKK1
	NM_001286210; NM_005819
	NM_021433
	NP_001273139; NP_005810
	NP_067408
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX6 gene.^[5]^[6]

Interactions

STX6 has been shown to interact with SNAP23,^[7] VAMP3^[8] and VAMP4.^[8]

N terminal protein domain

The protein domain Syntaxin 6 N terminal protein domain is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) found in endosomal transport vesicles. It is part of the family, of target SNAREs (t-SNAREs). It is a vital aid to exporting and importing cell cargo through a process called cell trafficking. Its SNARE motif shows significant homology to both syntaxin 1a and S25C, indicating similarity through evolutionary conservation. The structure of the syntaxin 6 N-terminal domain shows strong structural similarity with the N-terminal domains of syntaxin 1a, Sso1p, and Vam3p; despite a very low level of sequence similarity. SNARE functions essentially as a tether to hold the vesicle. The cytoplasmic regions of SNARE found on transport vesicles and target membranes interact, then a four-helix coiled coil forms. This links the cell membrane and vesicles together in such a way that it overcomes the energetic barrier to fusing two lipid bilayers. This is the way cell cargo is exchanged. This particular entry focuses on the N-terminal domain of Syntaxin 6.^[9]

Structure

Members of this entry, which are found in the amino terminus of various SNARE proteins, adopt a structure consisting of an antiparallel three-helix bundle. Their exact function has not been determined, though it is known that they regulate the SNARE motif, as well as mediate various protein-protein interactions involved in membrane-transport.^[10]

Function

SNAREs play a vital role in the trafficking of cell cargo. The vesicles fuse to the cell membrane with the help of SNARE proteins. The SNARE motifs form a four-helix bundle that contributes to the fusion of two membranes. More specifically, the N-terminal domain binds to the SNARE motif, and this intramolecular interaction decreases the rate of association with the partner SNARE. However the N terminal domain's function still remains to fully elucidated.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135823 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026470 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (March 1999). "Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1" (PDF). Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (3): 397–406. doi:10.1002/jlb.65.3.397. hdl:10261/59829. PMID 10080545. S2CID 18988377.
^ "Entrez Gene: STX6 syntaxin 6".
^ Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (October 2000). "Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis". Blood. 96 (7): 2574–83. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.7.2574. PMID 11001914.
^ ^a ^b Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, et al. (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079. PMID 11839770.
^ Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Tiwari A, Choudhury A (August 2012). "Regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking and cell dynamics by syntaxin-6". Bioscience Reports. 32 (4): 383–91. doi:10.1042/BSR20120006. PMC 3392101. PMID 22489884.
^ ^a ^b Misura KM, Bock JB, Gonzalez LC, Scheller RH, Weis WI (July 2002). "Three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal domain of syntaxin 6, a SNAP-25 C homolog". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (14): 9184–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.132274599. PMC 123115. PMID 12082176.

External links

STX6 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
STX6 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135823 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026470 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10080545-5] Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (March 1999). "Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1" (PDF). Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (3): 397–406. doi:10.1002/jlb.65.3.397. hdl:10261/59829. PMID 10080545. S2CID 18988377.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: STX6 syntaxin 6".

[pmid11001914-7] Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (October 2000). "Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis". Blood. 96 (7): 2574–83. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.7.2574. PMID 11001914.

[pmid11839770-8] Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, et al. (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079. PMID 11839770.

[pmid22489884-9] Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Tiwari A, Choudhury A (August 2012). "Regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking and cell dynamics by syntaxin-6". Bioscience Reports. 32 (4): 383–91. doi:10.1042/BSR20120006. PMC 3392101. PMID 22489884.

[pmid12082176-10] Misura KM, Bock JB, Gonzalez LC, Scheller RH, Weis WI (July 2002). "Three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal domain of syntaxin 6, a SNAP-25 C homolog". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (14): 9184–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.132274599. PMC 123115. PMID 12082176.

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