Jump to content

List of space travellers by first flight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Space travelers)

The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres in altitude – the two grey-shaded regions.

This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the FAI-defined Kármán line. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 264,000 ft), are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS Unity test flights.

Space travellers

[edit]

Table parameters

[edit]
Legend
Italics Sub-orbital spaceflights that crossed 100 km (62 mi).
After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight.
After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing.
After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon.
After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1]
After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1]
After the name, denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended[nb 2] to cross 100 km (62 mi), but failed to do so.
Linked country In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass 100 km (62 mi).[nb 3]
Unlinked name Subsequent table entry for a space traveller who made or attempted a previous spaceflight.[nb 4]

All entries are dated from launch time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which on occasion is one day earlier than the local date of launches from sites in the Eastern Hemisphere such as Baikonur and one day later than the local date of launches from sites in the Western Hemisphere such as Cape Canaveral.

As a rule, dual nationals fly under a single flag when flying as professional spacecrew and/or when flying on government-operated spacecraft, and this is the flag they are listed under in the table. For the spaceflights of dual nationals who are private citizens flying on commercial spacecraft as ordinary passengers, the flags displayed are those of their countries of birth, unless the space traveller did not hold citizenship of that country and/or otherwise made clear (s)he intended to represent a different nationality.

Table

[edit]
Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space and in orbit.
Alan Shepard, the first American and the second person in space.
Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman and 12th person in space.
Alexei Leonov, joint 17th in space and first to perform an EVA.
John Young, 19th person in space, first to fly solo around the Moon and first to command a Space Shuttle.
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Neil Armstrong, joint 26th person in space and first to set foot on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt, joint 59th person in space. The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon
Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union
Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German
Georgi Ivanov, 93rd person in space and the first Bulgarian
Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first from an Asian country (Vietnam)
Story Musgrave, joint 116th person in space and the only person to have flown on all five NASA Space Shuttles.
Sally Ride, joint 120th person and the first American woman in space
Guion Bluford, joint 125th person and the first African American in space
Bruce McCandless, joint 133rd person in space and the first to perform an untethered EVA
Rakesh Sharma, 139th person and the first Indian in space
Anna Lee Fisher, joint 155th person and the first mother in space
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, joint 170th person, first royal, and first Saudi Arabian in space.
Rodolfo Neri Vela, joint 192nd and first Mexican in space
Muhammed Faris, joint 202nd and first Syrian in space
Anatoly Solovyev, joint 206th person in space and the person to have the most time in EVA, as of 2014
Sergei Krikalev, 210th person in space
William Shepherd, joint 211th person in space and the first commander of the ISS
Toyohiro Akiyama, joint 239th person and the first journalist and the first Japanese in space on the first commercially organized spaceflight.
Helen Sharman, joint 249th and first British astronaut
Dirk Frimout, joint 268th and first Belgian to go into space
Franco Malerba, joint 277th and first Italian to go into space
Claude Nicollier, joint 277th and first Swiss to go into space
Mae Jemison, joint 280th person and first African American woman to go into space
Susan Helms, joint 286th person in space and first woman to serve on board the ISS
Yuri Malenchenko, joint 309th person in space and first to marry in space
Chiaki Mukai, joint 311th person and first Japanese woman in space
Yelena Kondakova, 318th person in space and first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight
Eileen Collins, the 322nd person in space, first female commander and first female pilot of a Space Shuttle
Koichi Wakata, joint 339th person in space and first Japanese commander of the ISS
Kalpana Chawla, joint 366th person, first Indian American astronaut and first Indian woman in space
Pedro Duque, 384th person in space and first Spanish national
Ivan Bella, 386th person and first Slovak in space
Scott Kelly, 391st person and first of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Dennis Tito, the 404th person in space and the first space tourist
Mark Kelly, the 409th person in space, and the second of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Mark Shuttleworth, 416th person in space and the first from an independent African country (South Africa)
Yang Liwei, the 432nd person in space and the first of the Chinese space program
Mike Melvill, the 435th person in space and the first commercial astronaut of a privately flown and funded spaceflight
Marcos Pontes, the 443rd person and the first Brazilian in space
Anousheh Ansari, the 449th person in space, first female space tourist and the first Iranian in space
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, joint 464th person and the first person from Malaysia to go into space
Yi So-yeon, joint 475th person and the first Korean in space
Richard Garriott, 486th person in space and first spacefaring son of an earlier astronaut (Owen Garriott).
Guy Laliberté, joint 506th person in space and the first Canadian space tourist
Luca Parmitano, 532nd person in space and first Italian to be commander of an ISS expedition. He has been the youngest astronaut to undertake a long-duration mission. He is the first astronaut from Sicily
Samantha Cristoforetti, 541st person in space, who has performed the longest single spaceflight by a woman, as of 2015
Andreas Mogensen, joint 544th person and the first Dane in space
Aidyn Aimbetov, joint 544th person and the first solely Kazakh cosmonaut
Hazza Al Mansouri, joint 564th person and the first in space from the UAE
Jeff Bezos, joint 571st person and the founder of spaceflight company Blue Origin
Sian Proctor, joint 575th person and first female commercial astronaut spaceship pilot
Yulia Peresild, joint 579th person and the first professional actress to perform in space
Robert Hines, joint 608th person in space
Jessica Watkins, joint 608th person in space and first black woman to join a long-term mission to the International Space Station

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
  2. ^ i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above 100 km (62 mi), for most of its launches.
  3. ^ In cases where the first space traveller from a particular country flew on a sub-orbital flight, that flight is also linked in italics.
  4. ^ a b Most space travellers have a single entry in the table dated on the launch of their first spaceflight or attempt thereof. The only exception is when a traveller successfully crossed 100 km (62 mi) for the first time after a failed attempt.
  5. ^ The distance of Gagarin's spaceflight exceeded the circumference of the Earth and the total duration of the flight exceeded its orbital period. Due to the rotation of the Earth, Gagarin nevertheless landed west of the Vostok 1 launch site after completing a single orbit.
  6. ^ Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed completed spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1.[3] However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to perform a spaceflight.[4]
  7. ^ Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
  8. ^ a b Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
  10. ^ Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
  11. ^ Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
  12. ^ a b Toktar Aubakirov returned to Earth prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, upon which he became a Kazakh citizen.
  13. ^ Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  14. ^ a b c d See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
  15. ^ Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  16. ^ Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
  17. ^ Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  18. ^ Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[300]
  19. ^ Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United Kingdom flag.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Taylor Redd, Nola (24 July 2012). "Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  2. ^ "First man in space". History.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  3. ^ "FAI Astronautic Records Commission – Sporting Code Section 8" (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2006.
  4. ^ "FAI Award: The Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  5. ^ "May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard in Spacesuit Before Mercury Launch". NASA. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  6. ^ Taylor Redd, Nola (5 May 2014). "Alan Shepard: First American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  7. ^ White, Mary C. "Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom". NASA History. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  8. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (28 January 2014). "Gus Grissom: 2nd American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  9. ^ "1961: Russian cosmonaut spends day in space". BBC. 6 August 1961. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Liftoff of John Glenn's Friendship 7, Feb. 20, 1962". NASA. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Glenn Orbits the Earth". NASA. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  12. ^ "May 24, 1962 - Scott Carpenter on the Way to Mercury-Atlas 7 Launch Site". NASA. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Joint flight of Vostok-3 and Vostok-4". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Vostok 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Vostok 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Mercury 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  17. ^ "Mercury 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  18. ^ "Vostok 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  19. ^ "Vostok 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  20. ^ "Appendix A: X-15 Flight Log". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  21. ^ a b c "Voskhod". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  22. ^ "Voskhod 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  23. ^ "Gemini 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  24. ^ "Gemini 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Gemini 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  26. ^ "Gemini 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  27. ^ "Gemini 6A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  28. ^ "Gemini 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  29. ^ "Gemini 9A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  30. ^ "Gemini 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  31. ^ "Gemini 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  32. ^ "Gemini 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  33. ^ "Apollo 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  34. ^ "Soyuz 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  35. ^ "Apollo 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  36. ^ "Soyuz 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  37. ^ "Soyuz 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. ^ "Apollo 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  39. ^ "Soyuz 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  40. ^ a b "Soyuz 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  41. ^ "Apollo 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  42. ^ "Apollo 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  43. ^ "Soyuz 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  44. ^ "Apollo 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  45. ^ "Soyuz 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  46. ^ "Soyuz 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  47. ^ "Apollo 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  48. ^ "Apollo 16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  49. ^ "Apollo 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  50. ^ "Skylab 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  51. ^ "Skylab 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  52. ^ "Soyuz 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  53. ^ "Skylab 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  54. ^ "Soyuz 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Soyuz 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  56. ^ "Soyuz 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  57. ^ "Soyuz 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  58. ^ "ASTP". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  59. ^ "Soyuz 21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  60. ^ "Soyuz 22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  61. ^ "Soyuz 23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  62. ^ "Soyuz 24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  63. ^ "Soyuz 25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  64. ^ "Soyuz 26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  65. ^ "Soyuz 27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  66. ^ "Soyuz 28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  67. ^ "Soyuz 29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  68. ^ "Soyuz 30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  69. ^ "Soyuz 31". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  70. ^ "Soyuz 32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  71. ^ "Soyuz 33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  72. ^ "Soyuz 35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  73. ^ "Soyuz 36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  74. ^ "Soyuz T-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  75. ^ "Soyuz 37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  76. ^ "Soyuz 38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  77. ^ "Soyuz T-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  78. ^ "Soyuz T-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  79. ^ "Soyuz 39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  80. ^ "STS-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  81. ^ "STS-1 History". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  82. ^ "Soyuz 40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  83. ^ "STS-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  84. ^ "STS-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  85. ^ "Soyuz T-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  86. ^ "Soyuz T-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  87. ^ "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  88. ^ "Soyuz T-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  89. ^ "STS-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  90. ^ "STS-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  91. ^ "Soyuz T-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  92. ^ "STS-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  93. ^ "Soyuz T-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  94. ^ "STS-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  95. ^ "STS-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  96. ^ a b c d "STS-41B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  97. ^ "Soyuz T-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  98. ^ "Soyuz T-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  99. ^ a b c d "STS-41C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  100. ^ "Soyuz T-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  101. ^ a b c d e "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  102. ^ "STS-41G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  103. ^ "STS-51A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  104. ^ a b c d "STS-51C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  105. ^ "STS-51D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  106. ^ a b c d "STS-51B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  107. ^ "STS-51G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  108. ^ "STS-51F". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  109. ^ "STS-51I". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  110. ^ "Soyuz T-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  111. ^ "STS-51J". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  112. ^ "STS-61A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  113. ^ "STS-61B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  114. ^ a b c d "STS-61C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  115. ^ "Michael J. Smith (Captain, USN)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  116. ^ "Gregory B. Jarvis (Mr.)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  117. ^ "S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  118. ^ "Soyuz TM-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  119. ^ "Soyuz TM-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  120. ^ "Soyuz TM-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  121. ^ "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  122. ^ "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  123. ^ "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  124. ^ "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  125. ^ "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  126. ^ "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  127. ^ "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  128. ^ "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  129. ^ "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  130. ^ "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  131. ^ "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  132. ^ "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  133. ^ "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  134. ^ "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  135. ^ "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  136. ^ "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  137. ^ "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  138. ^ "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  139. ^ "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  140. ^ "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  141. ^ "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  142. ^ "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  143. ^ "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  144. ^ a b "Soyuz TM-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  145. ^ "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  146. ^ "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  147. ^ "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  148. ^ a b c d "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  149. ^ "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  150. ^ "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  151. ^ "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  152. ^ "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  153. ^ "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  154. ^ "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  155. ^ "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  156. ^ "Soyuz TM-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  157. ^ "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  158. ^ "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  159. ^ "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  160. ^ "Soyuz TM-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  161. ^ "STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  162. ^ "STS-58". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  163. ^ "Soyuz TM-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  164. ^ "STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  165. ^ "STS-59". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  166. ^ "Soyuz TM-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  167. ^ "STS-65". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  168. ^ "STS-64". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  169. ^ "STS-68". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  170. ^ "Soyuz TM-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  171. ^ "STS-66". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  172. ^ "STS-63". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  173. ^ "STS-67". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  174. ^ "Soyuz TM-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  175. ^ "STS-71". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  176. ^ "STS-70". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  177. ^ "Soyuz TM-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  178. ^ "STS-69". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  179. ^ "STS-73". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  180. ^ "STS-74". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  181. ^ "STS-72". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  182. ^ "Soyuz TM-23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  183. ^ "STS-75". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  184. ^ "STS-77". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  185. ^ "STS-78". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  186. ^ "Soyuz TM-24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  187. ^ "Soyuz TM-25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  188. ^ "STS-83". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  189. ^ "STS-84". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  190. ^ "Soyuz TM-26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  191. ^ "STS-85". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  192. ^ "STS-86". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  193. ^ a b "STS-87". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  194. ^ a b "STS-89". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  195. ^ "Soyuz TM-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  196. ^ "STS-90". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  197. ^ "STS-91". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  198. ^ "Soyuz TM-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  199. ^ "STS-95". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  200. ^ "STS-88". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  201. ^ "Soyuz TM-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  202. ^ a b "STS-96". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  203. ^ "STS-93". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  204. ^ "STS-103". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  205. ^ "STS-99". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  206. ^ "Soyuz TM-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  207. ^ "STS-101". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  208. ^ "STS-106". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  209. ^ "STS-92". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  210. ^ "STS-98". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  211. ^ "STS-102". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  212. ^ "Lonchakov, Yuri Valentinovich". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  213. ^ a b "STS-100". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  214. ^ "STS-100 Mission Status Report #02". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  215. ^ "Soyuz TM-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  216. ^ "STS-104". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  217. ^ "STS-105". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  218. ^ "Soyuz TM-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  219. ^ "STS-108". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  220. ^ "STS-109". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  221. ^ "STS-110". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  222. ^ "Soyuz TM-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  223. ^ "STS-111". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  224. ^ a b c "STS-112". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  225. ^ "Soyuz TMA-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  226. ^ a b "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  227. ^ "Shenzhou V". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  228. ^ "Soyuz TMA-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  229. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (14 January 2009). "Latest Mock SpaceShipOne Soars Above Sponsor's Museum". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  230. ^ "SpaceShipOne - Flight No. 60L / 15P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  231. ^ a b "SpaceShipOne Flight Logs". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  232. ^ "Brian Binnie". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  233. ^ "SpaceShipOne Flight No. 66L / 17P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  234. ^ "Soyuz TMA-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  235. ^ "STS-114". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  236. ^ "Soyuz TMA-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  237. ^ "Shenzhou VI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  238. ^ "Soyuz TMA-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  239. ^ "STS-121". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  240. ^ "STS-115". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  241. ^ "Soyuz TMA-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  242. ^ a b c d e "STS-116". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  243. ^ "Soyuz TMA-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  244. ^ "STS-117". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  245. ^ "STS-118". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  246. ^ "Soyuz TMA-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  247. ^ "STS-120". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  248. ^ "STS-122". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  249. ^ "STS-123". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  250. ^ "Soyuz TMA-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  251. ^ "STS-124". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  252. ^ "Shenzhou VII". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  253. ^ "Soyuz TMA-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  254. ^ "STS-126". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  255. ^ "STS-119". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  256. ^ "Soyuz TMA-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  257. ^ "STS-125". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  258. ^ "Soyuz TMA-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  259. ^ "STS-127". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  260. ^ "STS-128". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  261. ^ "Soyuz TMA-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  262. ^ "STS-129". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  263. ^ "Soyuz TMA-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  264. ^ "STS-130". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  265. ^ "Soyuz TMA-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  266. ^ "STS-131". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  267. ^ "Soyuz TMA-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  268. ^ "Soyuz TMA-01M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  269. ^ "Soyuz TMA-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  270. ^ "Soyuz TMA-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  271. ^ "Soyuz TMA-02M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  272. ^ "Soyuz TMA-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  273. ^ "Soyuz TMA-04M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  274. ^ "Shenzhou IX". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  275. ^ "Soyuz TMA-06M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  276. ^ "Soyuz TMA-08M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  277. ^ "Soyuz TMA-09M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  278. ^ "Shenzhou X". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  279. ^ "Soyuz TMA-10M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  280. ^ "Soyuz TMA-12M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  281. ^ "Soyuz TMA-13M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  282. ^ "Soyuz TMA-14M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  283. ^ "Soyuz TMA-15M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  284. ^ "Soyuz TMA-17M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  285. ^ a b "Soyuz TMA-18M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  286. ^ "Soyuz TMA-19M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  287. ^ Davis, Jason (15 December 2015). "New Crew Arrives at ISS following Docking Drama". Planetary Society. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  288. ^ "Soyuz TMA-20M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  289. ^ "Soyuz MS". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  290. ^ "Shenzhou XI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  291. ^ "Soyuz MS-02". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  292. ^ "Soyuz MS-03". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  293. ^ "Soyuz MS-04". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  294. ^ "Soyuz MS-06". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  295. ^ "Soyuz MS-07". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  296. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (17 December 2017). "Soyuz MS-07 launches on final human mission of 2017". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  297. ^ "Soyuz MS-09". Spacefacts. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  298. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 June 2018). "Live coverage: Soyuz crew launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  299. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (10 October 2018). "Soyuz FG fails during ascent – Soyuz MS-10 crew safe after ballistic entry abort". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  300. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (18 October 2018). "NASA and Roscosmos trying to avoid an empty Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  301. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (2 December 2018). "100th orbital launch of 2018: International trio arrive at Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  302. ^ a b Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceflight.com.
  303. ^ "Soyuz MS-13 crew lifts off to space station on first moon landing 50th". 20 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  304. ^ "First UAE astronaut lifts off with US and Russian space station crew". Collectspace. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  305. ^ "Soyuz MS-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  306. ^ "Soyuz MS-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  307. ^ "SpaceX Crew-1". NASA. 15 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  308. ^ "Soyuz MS-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  309. ^ Richardson, Derek (16 June 2021). "Shenzhou-12 astronaut trio launch to new Chinese space station". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  310. ^ Davenport, Justin (20 July 2021). "Blue Origin launches first crewed flight with four crew, including founder Jeff Bezos and "Mercury 13" aviatrix Wally Funk". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  311. ^ Atkinson, Ian (15 September 2021). "SpaceX launches Inspiration4, first all-private orbital mission". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  312. ^ Richardson, Derek (5 October 2021). "Russian Soyuz MS-19 film crew arrives 'on set' at Space Station". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  313. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (13 October 2021). "To the Final Frontier: NS-18 shepherds William Shatner, three others to edge of space". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  314. ^ Jessie Yeung and Steven Jiang (15 October 2021). "China's historic crewed mission arrives at new space station". CNN. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  315. ^ Davenport, Justin (10 November 2021). "Crew-3 mission set to launch mostly-rookie crew to ISS". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 November 2021. Grush, Loren (11 November 2021). "SpaceX successfully launches four astronauts on Crew-3 mission to the space station". MSN News. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  316. ^ Neal, Mihir (7 December 2021). "Soyuz MS-20 space tourism flight docks with ISS". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  317. ^ Bell, Adrian (11 December 2021). "Blue Origin launches NS-19 with full passenger complement". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  318. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (18 March 2022). "First all-Roscosmos cosmonaut mission arrives at station". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  319. ^ Gray, Tyler (31 March 2022). "Blue Origin launches NS-20 suborbital crew mission". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  320. ^ Jessie Yeung and Steven Jiang (15 October 2021). "China's historic crewed mission arrives at new space station". CNN. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  321. ^ Davenport, Justin (26 April 2022). "Crew-4 mission to ISS begins with pre-dawn liftoff". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  322. ^ "Blue Origin targets June 4 for next space tourist mission after delay". Space.com. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  323. ^ Andrew Jones published (5 June 2022). "China launches 3 astronauts to oversee construction of new Tiangong space station". Space.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  324. ^ "Blue Origin announces crew for 6th suborbital space tourism launch". Space.com. 23 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  325. ^ Elizabeth Howell (21 September 2022). "Watch Russian Soyuz rocket launch 3 astronauts to space station today". Space.com. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  326. ^ Clark, Stephen (28 September 2022). "SpaceX, ULA postpone launches as Hurricane Ian moves toward Florida". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  327. ^ "Spaceflight mission report Shenzhou-15". www.spacefacts.de. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  328. ^ "SpaceX launches next crew to ISS – DW – 03/02/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  329. ^ Baylor, Michael. "Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  330. ^ "2023年度载人航天任务基本情况" [Basic Situation of Manned Space Missions in 2023]. CMSA (in Chinese). 15 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  331. ^ "Falcon 9 Block 5 - SpaceX Crew-7". Next Spaceflight. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  332. ^ Sempsrott, Danielle (24 August 2023). "NASA's SpaceX Crew-7 Now Targeting Saturday, Aug. 26". NASA Blogs. NASA. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  333. ^ Robert Z. Pearlman (15 September 2023). "Russian rocket launches 3 spaceflyers for up to yearlong stay on ISS (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  334. ^ Jones, Andrew (26 October 2023). "China launches new 3-astronaut crew to Tiangong space station". Space.com. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  335. ^ Josh Dinner (18 January 2024). "SpaceX launches private Ax-3 mission to ISS, 1st Turkish astronaut on board". Space.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  336. ^ Brett Tingley (4 March 2024). "SpaceX launches Crew-8 astronaut mission to International Space Station for NASA (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  337. ^ Pearlmanpublished, Robert Z. (23 March 2024). "Flight attendant becomes 1st Belarusian in space on ISS-bound Soyuz launch". Space.com. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  338. ^ Andrew Jones (25 April 2024). "China launches 3 astronauts to Tiangong space station on Shenzhou 18 mission (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  339. ^ "New Shepard's 25th Mission Includes America's First Black Astronaut Candidate". Blue Origin. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  340. ^ Argueta, Brenda (24 July 2024). "Next crew announced for Blue Origin. Here's who's going to space". WKMG. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  341. ^ Josh Dinner (10 September 2024). "SpaceX launches Polaris Dawn astronauts to attempt world's 1st-ever private spacewalk (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  342. ^ updated, Mike Wall last (28 September 2024). "SpaceX launches Crew-9 astronauts from upgraded Florida pad to return Boeing Starliner crew home". Space.com. Retrieved 29 September 2024.