User:Kharbaan Ghaltaan/sandbox5
Hebron | |
|---|---|
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | الخليل |
| • Latin | Ḥebron (ISO 259-3) Al-Khalīl (official) Al-Ḫalīl (unofficial) |
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • Hebrew | חברון |
Downtown Hebron, the Cave of the Patriarchs, the Old City of Hebron, Palestine Polytechnic University, Tomb of Ruth and Jesse and Hebron Gate | |
 Municipal Seal of Hebron | |
| Nickname: City of the Patriarchs | |
  Hebron Location of Hebron within Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 31°31′43″N 35°05′49″E / 31.52861°N 35.09694°E | |
| Palestine grid | 159/103 |
| State | State of Palestine (civil governance) Israel (H2 area military control) |
| Governorate | Hebron |
| Government | |
| • Type | City (from 1997) |
| • Head of Municipality | Tayseer Abu Sneineh[1] |
| Area | |
| • Municipality type A (City) | 74,102 dunams (74.102 km2 or 28.611 sq mi) |
| Population (2017)[3] | |
| • Municipality type A (City) | 201,063 |
| • Density | 2,700/km2 (7,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 700,000 |
| Website | www.hebron-city.ps |
| Official name | Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town |
| Criteria | Cultural: ii, iv, vi |
| Reference | 1565 |
| Inscription | 2017 (41st Session) |
| Endangered | 2017– |
| Area | 20.6 ha |
| Buffer zone | 152.2 ha |
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Hebron (/ˈhiːbrən, ˈhɛbrən/; Arabic: الخليل al-Khalīl, or خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن Khalīl al-Raḥmān;[6] Hebrew: חֶבְרוֹן Ḥevrōn, ) is a city in the State of Palestine. It is situated on the southern West Bank, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies 930 metres (3,050 ft) above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after East Jerusalem),[7][8] and the third-largest in the Palestinian territories (after East Jerusalem and Gaza), it had a population of 201,063 Palestinians in 2017, and seven hundred Jewish settlers concentrated on the outskirts of its Old City.
It is considered one of the oldest cities in the Levant. According to the Bible, Abraham settled in Hebron and bought the Cave of the Patriarchs as a burial place for his wife Sarah. Biblical tradition holds that the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, along with their wives Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah, were buried in the cave. Hebron is also recognized in the Bible as the place where David was anointed king of Israel. Following the Babylonian captivity, the Edomites settled in Hebron. During the first century BCE, Herod the Great built the wall that still surrounds the Cave of the Patriarchs, which later became a church, and then a mosque. With the exception of a brief Crusader control, successive Muslim dynasties ruled Hebron from the 6th century CE until the Ottoman Empire's dissolution following World War I, when the city became part of British Mandatory Palestine.
A massacre in 1929 and the Arab uprising of 1936–39 led to the emigration of the Jewish community from Hebron. The 1948 Arab–Israeli War saw the entire West Bank, including Hebron, occupied and annexed by Jordan, and since the 1967 Six-Day War, the city has been under Israeli military occupation. Following Israeli occupation, Jewish presence was reestablished at the city. Since the 1997 Hebron Protocol, most of Hebron has been governed by the Palestinian National Authority. The city is often described as a "microcosm" of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. The Hebron Protocol of 1997 divided the city into two sectors: H1, controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, and H2, roughly 20% of the city, including 35,000 Palestinians, under Israeli military administration.
Today, Hebron is the capital of the Hebron Governorate, the largest governorate of Palestine, with an estimated population of around 782,227 as of 2021[update], particularly in the metropolitan area. The city is a busy hub of trade, generating roughly a third of the area's GDP, largely due to the sale of limestone from quarries in its area. It has a local reputation for its grapes, figs, limestone, pottery workshops, metalworking workshops and glassblowing factories. The old city of Hebron features narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old bazaars, designated as one of the World Heritage Sites, by the UNESCO. The city is home to Hebron University, Al-Quds Open University and the Palestine Polytechnic University.
references
[edit]- ^ "Palestinian terrorist in killing of 6 Jews elected Hebron mayor". The Times of Israel. 14 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
- ^ "Hebron City Profile – ARIJ" (PDF).
- ^ Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ "Women Led Enterprise: Strategies to Revive Hebron's Economy".
- ^ https://molg.pna.ps/uploads/files/Hebron%20Urban%20Area%20Factsheet_sj_2cd2433c7a70461fb7ecf3c2ef2058a9.pdf
- ^ Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index by Josef W. Meri; p. 318; "Hebron(Khalil al-Rahman"
- ^ "Palestinian Residents of Jerusalem". Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
- ^ "West Bank". ATG. 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
- ^ Flusfeder 1997
- ^ Hasasneh 2005.
- ^ Zacharia 2010.
- ^ "Projected Mid -Year Population for Hebron Governorate by Locality 2017-2021". Archived 2021-02-27 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2021.
- ^ "Hebron | city, West Bank | Britannica". Britannica. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
- ^ Neuman 2018, p. 4.
- ^ "Hebron H2 – Background And Key Protection Issues" (PDF). UNRWA. November 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2024.