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Date Event location source
2001 declaration that “slavery and the transatlantic slave trade are a crime against humanity" by the United Nations World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance. Finalised 2002. [1]
The Reparations Coordinating Committee (RCC) [1]
1988 National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N’COBRA) co-founded. It is the large grassroots reparations organisation in the USA. Co-founders include Imari Obadele, co-founder of the Republic of New Afrika. [1]
2002, March 205 Law suit - Deadria Farmer-Paellmann and other plaintiffs filed suit against Aetna Life Insurance Corporation, FleetBoston Financial Services, and CSX Incorporated USA, NYC, Brooklyn, [1]
1865, January 16 General Sherman's Special Field Orders No. 15 divides plantations along Atlantic Coast into 40-acre lots to be distributed to 40,000 emancipated slaves. USA, Savannah [1]
Haiti pays compensation to France [1]
District of Columbia pays compensation to slave owners [1]
1964 Oscar Brown Jr , African American singer, releases song "Forty Acres and a Mule" the lyrics demands compensation plus interest. [1][2]
1955 Reparations Committee of Descendants of United States Slaves founded by Audley Moore. [1]
1963 Martin Luther King Jr argues in his book Why We Can't Wait that the United States owes "social and economic compensation" to African Americans for slavery and Jim Crow racism. He calls for a Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged, including reparations for unpaid wages. [1]
2002, March 26 Class action lawsuit - Deadria Farmer-Paellmann v. FleetBoston Financial Corp., Aetna, Inc., CSX

See: Aetna's life insurance policies on slaves

[1]
A. Philip Randolph Institute lobbys Congress for Freedom Budget [1]
National Urban League advocated for “Marshall Plan for Black America" which demands USA government repair "group harm" caused by institional racism [1]
1969 James Forman's "Black Manifesto" demands reparations in the form of "a southern land bank, publishing houses, television networks, universities, and skills training centers" to address social and economic development of Black America. [1]
1890s Henry McNeal Turner, a AME bishop and advoate of African American emigration to Africa, calls for $40 billion in reparations for unpaid labour. [1]
1966 Harry Golden, white writer and newspaper publisher, calls for $100 billion to address XX [3]
1940s Nation of Islam calls for reparations and for the USA goverment to cede some southern states to become the territory for an African American nation. [1]
1968 Republic of New Afrika called for reparationss and demands that the descendents of the enslaved should have the right for self-deternmination and to form an independent nation. [1]
Black Panther Party calls for reparations and a UN-sponsored referendum for African Americans to decide self-determination. [1]
1988 US Congress granted an apology and compensation to the individual survivors and relatives of Japanese Americans imprisoned in concentration camps during World War Two. [1]
1989 John Conyers, US representative for Michigan, first introduces H.R. 40 - Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act, a bill calling for the federal governemtn to research the impact of slavery and make recommendations for reparations. [1]
1994 Florida state agree to pay reparations to the individual survivors of the 1923 Rosewood massacre [1]
1993 US Congress formally apologise for the US conquest of Hawai'i and the deprivation of sovereignty. [1]
1993, 27-29 April 'The First Conference on Reparations for Slavery, Colonialism and Neocolonialism', also known as the Abuja Conference, was hosted by the GEP and the gep and the Commission for Reparations of the Organization of African Unity. Abuja, Nigeria [4][5]
2005, December UN adopts 'Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law'[6] which outlines that "full and effective reparations" can include: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. [4]
1787 Ottobah Cuguano includes a call for "adequate reparations" and "restitution for the injuries" experienced by enslaved people in his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species: Humbly Submitted to the Inhabitants of Great Britain [4]
1990, December First International Conference on Reparations Lagos, Nigeria
1992, June Organisation of African Unity (OAU) swears in the 12-members of the Group of Eminent Persons (GEP) on 28 June 1992 at a meeting in Abuja, Nigeria. GEP are given the mission "to pursue the goal of reparations to Africa". GEP was the idea of Nigerian politican M. K. O. Abiola who also funded their activities. [5]
1999, 12 August 'The first African World Reparations and Repatriation Truth Commission Conference', organised by Dr Hamet Maulana and Debra Kofie, calls for Africa's debt to be "'unconditionally cancelled" and for the West to pay $777 thousand billion in reparations for enslavement and colonisation. Accra, Ghana [7][8]
1900 First Pan-African Conference held in London, England. According to Booker T. Washington, who met with the organisers the year before, the conference would address the subject of "European reparations". London, UK [9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Martin, Michael T.; Yaquinto, Marilyn, eds. (2007), "The Rise of the Reparations Movement" (PDF), Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States, Duke University Press, pp. 255–270, doi:10.1215/9780822389811-016, ISBN 978-0-8223-4005-8, retrieved 2020-07-20
  2. ^ Lee, Anthony A. (2010-02-28). "Forty Acres and a Mule". In Rucker, Walter C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of African American History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-769-2.
  3. ^ "$100 BILLION NEEDED TO AID NEGRO, ECHOES WRITER GOLDEN". Jet. 15 Dec 1966. pp. 6–7.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ a b c Stanford-Xosei, Esther (2019). "The Long Road of Pan-African Liberation to Reparatory Justice". In Adi, Hakim (ed.). Black British history : new perspectives. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-78699-425-7.
  5. ^ a b Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. (2004-01-01). "Reparations to Africa and the Group of Eminent Persons". Cahiers d’études africaines. 44 (173–174): 81–97. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543. ISSN 0008-0055.
  6. ^ General Assembly resolution 60/147, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, A/RES/60/147 (16 December 2005), available from https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/496/42/PDF/N0549642.pdf. (Accessed 23 July 2020)
  7. ^ "The first African World Reparations and Repatriation Truth Commission Conference". INOSAAR timeline. Retrieved 2020-07-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Trillions demanded in slavery reparations". BBC News | Africa. 20 August 1999. Retrieved 2020-07-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Hooker, J. R. (1974). "The Pan-African Conference 1900". Transition (46): 20–24. doi:10.2307/2934952. ISSN 0041-1191.

People[edit]

Audley Moore (USA)

Charles Ogletree Jr (USA) - co-chair RCC, Harvard law prof

Adjoa Aiyetoro (USA) - co-chair RCC

Randall Robinson (USA) - co-chair RCC

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