Visa requirements for European Union citizens
Visa requirements for European Union citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other countries placed on citizens of the European Union. They differ among countries. The European Union has achieved full reciprocity with certain countries.
Current member states of the European Union are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
Member states' citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's territories. European Union citizens and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) nationals are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. The United Kingdom and the EU continued to maintain the same mutual policy until 31 December 2020.
The freedom of movement provisions do not apply to the overseas countries and territories (except Saint Barthélemy)[1] and the Faroe Islands.
Visa requirements map
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Visa_requirements_for_the_European_Union_citizens.png/800px-Visa_requirements_for_the_European_Union_citizens.png)
Visa free access
[edit]This table lists all countries, with source information as it is cited inline, which citizens of at least one EU member state may enter without a visa on an ordinary passport. Information regarding visas on arrival and on exit fees is not listed in the table, regarding which, see the relevant section below.
Africa | |||
---|---|---|---|
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[2][3] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[4] | 90 days within 12 months. | |
![]() |
All states.[5] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
All others | Bulgaria, Romania.[6] | 30 days. |
![]() |
All others | Estonia, Portugal, Slovakia.[7] | 90 days. |
![]() |
All states (ETA).[8] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All others | Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.[9] | 14 days (90 days for Ireland and Malta). |
![]() |
All states.[10] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[11][12] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden.[13] | All others | 3 months. |
![]() |
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Malta, Romania.[14][15] | All others | 30 days. |
![]() |
All states.[16] | 15 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[17] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[18] | 3 months. | |
![]() |
All others | Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.[19] | 90 days (30 days for Cyprus, Hungary, Poland). |
![]() |
Cyprus, Malta, Romania.[20] | All others | 30 days. |
![]() |
All others | Cyprus.[21][22] | 90 days (4 months for Germany, 2 months for Bulgaria, 1 month for Greece). |
![]() |
Cyprus, Ireland, Malta.[23] | All others | 3 months. |
![]() |
All states.[24] | 90 days for tourism, 30 days for business. | |
![]() |
Cyprus, Malta.[25] | All others | 3 months. |
Caribbean | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[26] | 3 months (1 month for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states.[27] | 3 months (8 months for Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). | |
![]() |
All states.[28] | 3 months (6 months for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states.[29][30][31] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[32] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[33][34] | 3 months. | |
![]() |
All states.[35] | 3 months. | |
![]() |
All others | Bulgaria, Estonia, Romania.[36] | 90 days for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Sweden; 30 days for others. |
![]() |
All states.[37] | 3 months. | |
![]() |
All states[38][39] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[40][41] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[42][43] | 90 days. | |
Central and North America | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[44] | ||
![]() |
All states.[45] | 6 months, eTA required if arriving by air.[46] | |
![]() |
All states.[47] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[48] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[49] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[50] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[51] | 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[52] | 90 days (30-day tourist cards required). | |
![]() |
All states.[53] | 180 days. | |
![]() |
All others (VWP) | Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania.[54] | 90 days on every arrival from overseas, ESTA required. Valid for multiple entries within 2 years or upon passport expiration, if sooner. (For Hungarian citizens born in Hungary ESTA is issued for a single entry within 1 year or upon passport expiration, if sooner. Hungarians born outside of Hungary are not eligible for ESTA [55][56]) |
South America | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[57] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All others | Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Romania.[58] | 90 days. |
![]() |
All states.[59][60] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[61] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[62] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[63] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
Germany, Greece, Luxembourg and Spain.[64] | All others | 3 months. |
![]() |
All states.[65] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[66] | 90 days(183 for Ireland).[67][68] | |
![]() |
All states.[69] | 90 days, extendable once. | |
![]() |
All states.[70] | 90 days, extendable once. | |
Asia | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[71] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Spain.[72][73][74] | All others | 15 days. |
![]() |
Croatia.[75][76] | All others | 15 days within any 6 month period. |
![]() |
All states (ETA-IL).[77][78][79] | 3 months. | |
![]() |
All states.[80] | 90 days, extendable once for Austria, Germany and Ireland. | |
![]() |
All states.[81] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[24] | 60 days. | |
![]() |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Luxembourg, Spain, Sweden.[82] | All others | 15 days. |
![]() |
All states.[83] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[24] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[84] | 14 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[85] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[86] | 90 days (30 days for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states.[24] (K-ETA) | 90 days. (30 days for Cyprus). | |
![]() |
All states.[87] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[88][89] | 30 days | |
![]() |
All states.[90] | 60 days, extendable once. | |
![]() |
All others | Ireland[91] | 90 days. |
![]() |
All others[92] | 90 days (30 days for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states.[93] | 30 days. | |
![]() |
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden.[94][95] | All others | 45 days. |
Europe | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states.[96] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[97] | ||
![]() |
All states.[98][99] | 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[100] | 30 days (90 days for Latvia, Lithuania and Poland).[101][102] | |
![]() |
All states.[103] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[104][105] | 365 days / 1 year. | |
![]() |
All states[106] | Freedom of movement. | |
![]() |
All states.[107] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states[108] | Freedom of movement. | |
![]() |
All states.[109] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[110] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[111] | ||
![]() |
All states.[112] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states[113] | Freedom of movement. | |
![]() |
All states.[114] | ||
![]() |
All states.[115] | 90 days within 180 days. | |
![]() |
All states[116] | Freedom of movement. | |
![]() |
All others | Cyprus.[117] | 90 days in any 180-day period. |
![]() |
All states.[118] | 90 days. Polish citizens can enter to Ukraine for 18 months visa free [119] | |
![]() |
All states.[120] | 6 months. ID cards valid until 1 October 2021[121] (Freedom of movement under Common Travel Area for Ireland)[122] | |
![]() |
All states. | ||
Oceania | |||
Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |
![]() |
All states (eVisitor).[123] | 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted. | |
![]() |
All states.[124] | 4 months. | |
![]() |
All states.[125] | 90 days (30 days for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states.[126] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All states.[127] | 90 days (30 days for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All states (NZeTA).[128] | 90 days. | |
![]() |
All others[129] | Ireland | 90 days. |
![]() |
All states.[130] | 90 days (60 days for Ireland). | |
![]() |
All others[131][132] | Ireland[133] | 90 days. |
![]() |
All others[130] | Ireland[134] | 90 days. |
![]() |
All others[135][136] | Ireland | 90 days. |
![]() |
All states.[137] | 90 days. |
All European Union citizens can visit the following partially recognised countries or territories with autonomous immigration policies without a visa — in Europe: Kosovo,[138] Transnistria,[139][140] Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,[141][142] in Asia: Hong Kong,[143] Macau,[144] Palestine,[145] South Ossetia,[146][147] Taiwan.[148]
All European Union citizens always must arrange the visa prior to travel to (as of July 2024) Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba (can be obtained in travel agencies or airlines), Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, India, North Korea, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Russia, South Sudan, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Turkmenistan and Yemen.
Reciprocity
[edit]As per Regulation No 539/2001 (amended by Regulation No 1289/2013)[149] reciprocity is required from all Annex II countries and territories. That means that these countries must offer visa-free access for 90 days to all EU citizens (except citizens of Ireland) and to the citizens of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. When this is not the case, the affected EU or Schengen member state is expected to notify the European Commission. Starting six months after the notification, the Commission may adopt an implementing act to suspend the visa-free regime for certain categories of nationals of the third country concerned, for a period of up to six months, with a possible prolongation by further periods of up to six months. If the Commission decides not to adopt such an act, it has to present a report explaining the reasons why it did not propose the measure. If after two years from the notification the third country is still requiring visas from citizens of one or more Member States, the Commission shall adopt a delegated act to re-impose the visa obligation on all citizens of the third country, for a period of 12 months. Either the European Parliament or the Council could oppose the entry into force of the delegated acts.[150] All of the states that implement the common visa rules – including Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania – may notify the European Commission about non-compliant third states.[151]
The EU has achieved full reciprocity with the following countries (meaning the citizens of those countries may travel to all EU member states visa-free) — Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Kiribati, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, United Kingdom,[152] Uruguay, Vanuatu.
Following countries are not implementing visa reciprocity fully, as of February 2024:
- United States: As of September 2021, Bulgarian, Cypriot and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for a visa to enter the US. Nonetheless, the US refuses to lift the requirements. On 3 March 2017, the European Parliament voted in favor to impose visa requirements on U.S. citizens in the future.[153]
According to a report from April 2015,[154] the Commission dismissed notifications by both Bulgaria and Romania of a general visa requirement by Australia.[155] It concluded that the Australian electronic visa 'manual processing' treatment should not be considered as equivalent to the Schengen visa application procedures and consequently will not be covered by the reciprocity mechanism.[154] In its previous report[156] the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US ESTA system — such as the application fee — and the Australian eVisitor system.
In October 2014, it was reported that the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada might not be ratified by Bulgaria and Romania unless visa requirements were lifted for their citizens.[157][158][159] In November 2014 Bulgarian Government also announced that it will not ratify the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership unless the United States lifted visas for its citizens.[160]
Special requirements
[edit]The following countries require electronic registrations for all citizens of the European Union who don't need a visa:
- Australia requires EU citizens to obtain an eVisitor, which is issued free of charge.
- Canada requires EU citizens to obtain an eTA if arriving by air. The application fee is 7 CAD.
- New Zealand requires EU citizens to obtain an NZeTA and IVL if arriving by air. The application fee is NZD 9 or 12 and NZD 35.
- United States requires eligible EU citizens to obtain an ESTA. The application fee is US$21.
-
Visa policy of the Schengen Area
-
Visa policy of Ireland
Visa on arrival
[edit]The following countries provide visa on arrival to the citizens of the European Union. Some of these countries may be available for visa free access to some (*) or all other EU nationals (**) – for details see above. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points.
Visa on arrival for citizens of all states |
Notes |
---|---|
![]() |
14 days. 90 days for Irish citizens. BD 25.[162] |
![]() |
30 days. Fees vary widely by country (US$0–65).[165] Extensions are possible.[166] |
![]() |
8 days. EUR 15[168] |
![]() |
1 month.[24] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 20.[169] |
![]() |
50 USD. EUR 30.[171] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 25.[172] |
![]() |
90 days.[172] |
![]() |
90 days. EUR 85.[175] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 35.[176] |
![]() |
2 months. USD 75.[177] |
![]() |
30 days. Free of charge.[180][181] |
![]() |
3 months. KWD 3.[182] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 30.[185] |
![]() |
1 month extendable for 2 additional months.[188] |
![]() |
30 days. Free of charge.[190] |
![]() |
Fees vary. |
![]() |
30 days. Free of charge. Extendable up to 90 days, MVR 750.[193] |
![]() |
|
![]() |
30 days, extendable up to 60 days. |
![]() |
90 days. USD 25-100.[198] |
![]() |
60 days. Free of charge.[199][200] |
![]() |
59 days. USD 50.[201] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 30.[202] |
![]() |
90 days. SAR 440.[203] |
![]() |
USD 80.[204] |
![]() |
30 days. USD 60.[206][207] |
![]() |
30 days, extendable up to 150 days. Fees vary.[208] |
![]() |
USD 50 - USD 100.[211] |
![]() |
7 days, extendable for 90 days. XOF 10,000-90,000.[212] |
![]() |
USD 100.[214] |
![]() |
90 days. USD 50 - USD 80.[212] |
![]() |
3 months. USD 30 - USD 70.[216] |
Visa on arrival available to the citizens of some EU countries. Some of these countries may be available for visa free access to some (*) or all other EU nationals (**) – for details see above. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points. | ||
---|---|---|
Country | Visa on arrival available to citizens of | Notes |
![]() |
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Romania[217] | 90 days. USD 52.[218] |
![]() |
All except Cyprus[219] | 1 month, extension possible. XOF 47,000 to XOF 61,000.[219] |
![]() |
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden[221] | USD 20.[222] |
![]() |
France, Portugal, Spain[223] | |
![]() |
Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia[224] | USD 20.[225] |
![]() |
Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain | 30 days[226] |
![]() |
Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg and Spain | 30 days. US$50. |
![]() |
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia[227] | 3 months[228] |
![]() |
Ireland | 30 days. Free of charge. Extension possible, US$50.[230] |
![]() |
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Romania[231] | 15 days. THB 2,000.[232] |
![]() |
Ireland[91] | 30 days. USD 30.[234] |
![]() |
Ireland[235] | 3 months. Free of charge. |
![]() |
Ireland[236] | 31 days, extendable for further 6 months. Free of charge.[236] |
![]() |
Ireland[237] | 1 month. Free of charge.[237] |
![]() |
Ireland[238] | 30 days. Free of charge.[239] |
Limited visa on arrival
[edit]Burundi - Visas are issued on arrival if an Entry Authorisation letter was issued by the authorities of Burundi.[240]
Iraq – Holders of ordinary passports of all EU member states may obtain a visa on arrival for Iraqi Kurdistan valid for 15 days when arriving through the Erbil International Airport or Sulaimaniyah International Airport.[241]
Pakistan - All EU nationals may obtain visa on arrival when travelling on business. They must have a local sponsor who must obtain an approval from the immigration authorities at the port of arrival (Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta or Karachi airports) and a recommendation letter from country of residence or invitation letter from Pakistan.[242] Nationals of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days, if they are travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.[243]
Vietnam - Visitors can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 1 or 3 months if they are holders of an approval letter issued and stamped by the Vietnamese Immigration Department (obtainable online through travel agencies for a fee) and if arriving only at airports in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City or Da Nang.[244] All travellers can visit Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[245][246]
Online visas
[edit]The following countries provide electronic visas to the citizens of the European Union.
Country | Notes |
---|---|
![]() |
ETA 601 online visa still available to citizens of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. More recent and free eVisitor authorisation is available to all. Online Visitor visa e600 for stays over 90 days is also available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Additionally, passengers arriving at the international airports of Bandar Abbas, Isfahan, Kish Island, Mashad, Qeshm Island,[263] Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran,[264] Urmia,[265] Ahvaz,[266] Kerman[267] or Lar, who already have made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's E-Visa website, and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk, may obtain a visa on arrival.[268] |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Some of the eVisa eligible nationals do not require a visa for visits up to 14 days. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. E-Tourist Card also available to some EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. |
![]() |
Available to the citizens of Cyprus. Other EU citizens do not require a visa. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Some of the eVisa eligible nationals do not require a visa for visits up to 15 days. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available. |
![]() |
Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available to some EU citizens. |
Other
[edit]Mainland China – As of 2013 all EU citizens transiting through People's Republic of China at one of the following airports may leave the terminal and visit the city for up to 72 hours – Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Guilin, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenyang, Xi'an.[294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303] Visa-free access to Hainan Island as long as the visit lasts 15 days or less and is part of a tour group organised by a National Tourism Administration of China-approved travel agency based in Hainan is granted to the following EU nationals - Austria, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden .[304]
Zambia /
Zimbabwe - a universal KAZA visa that is valid for both countries can be issued on arrival to citizens of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.[305][306][307]
Kenya /
Rwanda /
Uganda - an East Africa Borderless Visa: Travelers from any country can obtain a multiple entry visa that allows entry to these three countries for tourism over period of 90 days. Visa must be first used in the country that issued it.[308]
Non-ordinary passports
[edit]In addition to visa requirements for normal passport holders certain countries have specific visa requirements towards diplomatic and various official passport holders:
Country | Visa-free access |
---|---|
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic or service passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Ivory Coast (diplomatic or service passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports) |
![]() |
Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports) |
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or official passports), Iran (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Kuwait (diplomatic or service passports), Mauritania (diplomatic and service passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), North Korea (diplomatic or service passports), Qatar (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Turkmenistan (diplomatic or service passports), Vietnam (diplomatic, official, service or special passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic, official or service passports), Cuba (diplomatic, official or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Iran (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Vietnam (diplomatic or service passports) |
![]() |
China (diplomatic or service passports), Cuba (diplomatic or service passports), Guyana (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Iran (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Kuwait (diplomatic or service passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Qatar (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), United Arab Emirates (diplomatic, service or special passports), Vietnam (diplomatic or service passports) |
![]() |
Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Laos (diplomatic or official passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Tunisia (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports), Yemen (diplomatic, official, service or special passports) |
![]() |
Egypt (diplomatic or service passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), Bangladesh (diplomatic or official passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic passports), Angola (diplomatic or service passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Qatar (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic passports), Ghana (diplomatic, official, or service passports), India (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Pakistan (diplomatic passports), Qatar (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic or service passports), India (diplomatic passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Pakistan (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Belarus (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), Cuba (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Laos (diplomatic or official passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Tajikistan (diplomatic or service passports), Turkmenistan (diplomatic or service passports), Uzbekistan (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Yemen (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Kuwait (diplomatic or official passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic or service passports), Angola (diplomatic or service passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Cameroon (diplomatic or official passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Kuwait (diplomatic passports), Libya (diplomatic, official or service passports), Niger (diplomatic passports), Qatar (diplomatic, service or special passports), Uganda (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Mongolia (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), India (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Pakistan (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
China (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Libya (diplomatic, official or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Pakistan (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports) |
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), Belarus (diplomatic passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Laos (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), United Arab Emirates (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic, service or special passports), Angola (diplomatic, service or special passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic, service or special passports), Republic of the Congo (diplomatic passports), Indonesia (diplomatic, official or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Kuwait (diplomatic, service or special passports), Mozambique (diplomatic, official or service passports), Qatar (diplomatic or special passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), São Tomé and Príncipe (diplomatic or service passports), Turkey (diplomatic or service passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic or service passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Belarus (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), Ghana (diplomatic, official or service passports), India (diplomatic passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Tajikistan (diplomatic or service passports), Thailand (diplomatic or official passports), Turkmenistan (diplomatic or service passports), Uzbekistan (diplomatic, official or service passports), Vietnam (diplomatic or service passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic or service passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Belarus (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic, service or special passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Uzbekistan (diplomatic or service passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), Cuba (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Libya (diplomatic, official or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), South Africa (diplomatic, official or service passports), Vietnam (diplomatic or service passports) |
![]() |
Algeria (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Kuwait (diplomatic passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Vietnam (diplomatic passports) |
![]() |
Russia (diplomatic passports) |
Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe grant visa-free access to holders of diplomatic or service passports issued to nationals of any country. Mauritania and Senegal grant visa-free access to holders of diplomatic passports issued to nationals of any country (except Italy for Mauritania). Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and South Sudan allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival.
Non-visa restrictions
[edit]Blank passport pages
[edit]Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[309] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg/220px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[310] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[311]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[312][313]
Passport validity length
[edit]Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[314][315] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[316]
Some countries, such as Japan,[317] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[318] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[319] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[320] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[321] Philippines,[322] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[323]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[324] and South Africa.
Criminal record
[edit]Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[325] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
[edit]The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[326]
Israeli stamps
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg/220px-Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg)
Kuwait,[327] Lebanon,[328] Libya,[329] Syria,[330] and Yemen[331] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
[edit]Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[332]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[333][334] Argentina,[335] Brunei, Cambodia,[336] China,[337] Ethiopia,[338] Ghana, Guinea,[339] India, Japan,[340][341] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[342] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[343] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[344] Singapore, South Korea,[345] Taiwan, Thailand,[346] Uganda,[347] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[348][349][350] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[351]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[352] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[353][354] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[355] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[356][357]
Passport rankings
[edit]Passport rankings by the number of countries and territories their holders could visit without a visa or by obtaining visa on arrival in July 2024 according to the Henley Passport Index were as follows (ranked[358]): French, German, Italian and Spanish — 192 countries and territories (2nd); Austrian, Dutch, Finnish, Irish, Luxembourgish, Swedish — 191 (3rd); Belgian, Danish — 190 (4th); Portuguese — 189 (5th); Greek, Polish — 188 (6th); Czech, Hungarian, Maltese — 187 (7th); Estonian, Lithuanian — 185 (9th); Latvian, Slovak, Slovenian — 184 (10th); Croatian — 183 (11th); Cypriot — 178 (13th); Bulgarian, Romanian — 177 (14th). All EU passports are ranked within the top 15 positions. Passports of the European Free Trade Association countries rank similarly, Norwegian, Swiss — 190 (4th); Icelandic — 184 (10th) and Liechtenstein — 182 (12th), while the passports of the candidate states rank lower Serbian — 140 (34th); Montenegrin, North Macedonian — 128 (41st); Albanian, Bosnia and Herzegovina — 123 (43rd) and Turkish — 116 (45th). European microstates rank high: Monaco — 178 (13th); San Marino — 172 (16th); Andorra — 171 (17th) and Vatican City — 155 (25th).[359]
Future
[edit]European Commission proposed a visa-free travel for 16 island nations in 2012. This proposal foresees that the visa exemption will be reciprocated through visa waiver agreements, ensuring a visa free regime for all EU citizens who wish to travel to these countries. The island nations in question are Caribbean island nations – Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago, and Pacific island nations – Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.[360] The list was expanded in 2013 with Colombia, Peru and the United Arab Emirates.[361] Most of these countries already provide visa-free or visa on arrival access in some form to the EU citizens. As of 2020, visa-free agreements have been concluded with all listed nations except Nauru.
Freedom of movement within the EEA and Switzerland
[edit]Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 recognises the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States[362][363][364] defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union (EU) and the three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate bilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU.
Citizens of all European Economic Area (EEA) member states and Switzerland holding a valid passport or national identity card[365][366][367] enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa.
If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.[368][369]
However, EU, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EU/EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society".[370] If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her on serious grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her on imperative grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child).[371] Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.[372]
A family member of an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen who is in possession of a residence permit indicating their status is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa when entering the European Union, European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EU/EEA/Swiss family member or are seeking to join them.[373]
Special regulations
[edit]- A citizen of one EU or EFTA country can live and work indefinitely in the other EU and EFTA countries. However, countries can limit the right to vote and work in certain sensitive fields (such as government, police, military) to local citizens only.[374]
- Immigrants from another EU or EFTA country can be refused welfare benefits.[375] Welfare fraud may result in deportation.
- Economically inactive EU citizens who want to stay longer than three months in another Member State have to fulfill the condition of having health insurance and "sufficient resources" in order not to become an "unreasonable burden" for the social assistance system of the host Member State, which otherwise can legitimately expel them.[376]
Country-specific regulations
- Cyprus has been divided into a southern (Greek) and northern (Turkish) region since the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus on July 20, 1974. Northern Cyprus is not generally recognized by the international community as a sovereign state.[377] The United Nations considers the declaration of independence by Northern Cyprus as legally invalid.[378][379] The United Nations recognises Northern Cyprus as territory of the Republic of Cyprus under Turkish occupation.[378] Turkey permits Citizens of Northern Cyprus to live and work in Turkey under the same requirements as Turkish citizens and provides an alien's passport for Northern Cyprus citizens.[380]
- The Faroe Islands belong to Denmark, but not the EU, so their inhabitants are Danish citizens, but not EU citizens. Greenland left the EC in 1985, but Greenlanders are considered EU citizens. In practice, citizens of Faroe Islands and Greenland can choose between local and "European" passports and can become "full" EU citizens by moving to and living permanently in Denmark. The Nordic Passport Union allows citizens of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands), Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland to travel and reside in other Nordic countries (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland) without a passport or a residence permit. Citizens of other EU/EFTA countries can visit the Faroe Islands and Greenland visa-free for 90 days.
- EU/EFTA citizens can enter and reside for an unlimited period without a visa in Overseas France. They may use their national identity card instead of their passport as a travel document to enter any French territory. They may also work freely in the parts of Overseas France that are part of the European Union (overseas departments and regions, and Saint Martin), but those who are not nationals of France need a permit to work in other parts such as French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Wallis and Futuna.
- Although all Dutch nationals have the right of abode in the European Netherlands, right of abode in the Dutch Caribbean is limited to those who have a connection to the region. Other Dutch can enter the region visa-free for a maximum of 6 months.[381][382] The identity card BES and the cedula of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are valid for entering Bonaire, Sint Eustatius or Saba, but the Dutch identity card is not.[383] Citizens of other EU/EFTA countries can visit Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands visa-free for 90 days.
- Irish and British citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's country (Common Travel Area).
Right to consular protection
[edit]When in a non-EU country, EU citizens whose country maintains no embassy there have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present there.[384] However, EU citizens living and working an EU country other than the one of their citizenship must generally contact the embassy of the country of their citizenship (if there is one in the non-EU country concerned), not the one of their host country.
As of 2014, there are 16 non-EU countries where there is only one embassy of an EU country: Barbados (EU delegation), Belize (EU office), Central African Republic (France, EU delegation), Comoros (France), Gambia (EU office), Guyana (EU delegation), San Marino (Italy), São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal), Timor-Leste (Portugal, EU delegation), and Vanuatu (France, EU delegation).
As of 2014, the following 18 non-EU countries have no embassy of an EU country: Bahamas, Bhutan (Denmark Liaison office), Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Lesotho (EU delegation), Liechtenstein, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa (EU office), Swaziland (EU office), Tonga, and Tuvalu.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "The requested document does not exist. - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu.
- ^ "Decreto Presidencial n.º 189/23" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Diário da República. 29 September 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "DECRETO PRESIDENCIAL Angola isenta cidadãos de 98 países de vistos de turismo". Governo de Angola (in Portuguese). 2 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Guidelines for Completing a Visa Application | Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C".
- ^ "Citizens of 32 European countries exempted from visas for Cape Verde from January 1". 29 December 2018.
- ^ "Eswatini Government".
- ^ "Visas and immigration in The Gambia". Banjul International Airport. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Kenya". timaticweb.com [Timatic]. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Lesotho". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ "Visa Requirements in Mauritius". Passport and Immigration office, Republic of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Formalités et procédures pour les visiteurs internationaux" (in French). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Kingdom of Morocco. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ "Visa information". Consulate-General of Morocco, New York. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
- ^ [1] [dead link]
- ^ Timatic lists these countries as being visa-exempt, while the government of Rwanda lists these countries as being eligible to receive a visa on arrival free of charge.
- ^ https://rdb.rw/getting-started/
- ^ "São Tomé and Príncipe grants visa exemptions to citizens of Europe and the US - Macauhub English". macauhub.com.mo. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (30 October 2015). "Visa Information—Senegal". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 30 October 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "EUR-Lex - 22009A0630(05) - EN". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Department of Home Affairs - Exempt Countries". home-affairs.gov.za. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20120916181110/http://www.immigration.go.tz/module1.php?id=24 [dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Tunisia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Nationals from 20 countries exempt from visa to Tunisia - Zawya MENA Edition". zawya.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Visa Exempt Countries". immigration.go.ug. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Visa & Health Information". www.gulfair.com.
- ^ "Archived copy". zimbabwe-embassy.us. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Antigua and Barbuda". Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". bahamashclondon.net. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - 1. Visa List - June 2012.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and the Commonwealth of Dominica on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ ENTRY REQUIREMENTS, Discover Dominica Authority
- ^ "Do I Need a Visa to Enter into Dominica? - Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States". domrep.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and Grenada on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.grenadaembassyusa.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Embassy of Haiti – Washington, DC". haiti.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Requirements For Travel to Jamaica". pica.gov.jm. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Countries that need Visas to Travel to St. Kitts and Nevis - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". govt.kn. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and Saint Lucia on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "Saint Lucia - Access Government" (PDF). govt.lc. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and St. Vincent and the Grenadines on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "SVG - Passport & Visa Application forms". svgconsulate.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Branch, Government of Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Communications (17 May 2013). "Entry requirements by country". cic.gc.ca. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Branch, Government of Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Communications (15 April 2015). "Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)". canada.ca. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Costa Rica Tourism Official Website. Hotels, travel agencies, car rental and tours". visitcostarica.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador - Inicio". rree.gob.sv. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Guatemala". minex.gob.gt. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de Honduras". sre.gob.hn. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Instituto Nacional de Migración - Gobierno - gob.mx". inm.gob.mx. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES-CONFERENCIA UN". 6 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Visa Waiver Program(VWP)". Archived from the original on 30 December 2004. Retrieved 30 December 2004.
- ^ https://hu.usembassy.gov/visas/visa-waiver-program/#:~:text=Effective%20August%201%2C%202023%2C%20an,entry%20to%20the%20United%20States.
- ^ "CBP Expands ESTA Requirements for Visa Waiver Program Travelers". Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ "Dirección Nacional de Migraciones - Accesible". migraciones.gov.ar. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Bolivia Visa group 1 boliviabella.com
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Agreement between the European Union and the Federative Republic of Brazil on short-stay visa waiver for holders of ordinary passports, Council of the European Union.
- ^ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile - Visas". minrel.gob.cl. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Agreement - Consilium". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana – Ecuador". cancilleria.gob.ec. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Visa Entry Requirements (countries) – Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Co-operative Republic of Guyana".
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Agreement - Consilium". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Peruvian Government".
- ^ "Peruvian Government".
- ^ "..:: Dirección Nacional de Migración ::". Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
- ^ "Home". Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
- ^ "Visa Information". mofat.gov.bn. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "China offers visa-free entry for citizens of France, Germany, Italy". Reuters. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Update: China announces visa-free policy for 6 European countries: FM-Xinhua". english.news.cn. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "12 European countries can visit China visa-free until the end of 2025". euronews. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Iran offers visa waivers for 28 countries as of Feb. 4-Xinhua".
- ^ "Iran's New Unilateral Tourist Visa Waiver Program".
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "ETA-IL". Israel Population and Immigration Authority.
- ^ German citizens born before January 1, 1928 need a visa for Israel, which will be issued for free if one was not a member of the Nazi party or involved in crimes committed during the time of the Nazi Germany.
- ^ "Exemption of Visa (Short-Term Stay)". mofa.go.jp. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ KMI. "45 countries with 30 days visa-free regime". mfa.kz. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Gambia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Visa Requirement by Country". imi.gov.my. Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Entry visas". Foreign Ministry of the Sultanate of Oman.
- ^ "Guidelines on the Entry of Temporary Visitors to the Philippines". dfa.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Qatar Visas".
- ^ "Countries/Regions Requiring Visa". ica.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Таджикистан вводит односторонний безвизовый режим для граждан 52 стран | Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus".
- ^ "The list of countries eligible for the unilateral visa-free entry system has been expanded, and the visa application process for citizens of certain countries to the Republic of Tajikistan has been simplified".
- ^ "EU and EFTA citizens will be able to stay in Thailand without a visa for 60 days starting July 15, 2024. |".
- ^ a b "EU signs visa waiver agreement with Timor Leste". Archived from the original on 27 May 2015.
- ^ "EU signs visa waiver agreement with the United Arab Emirates - Consilium". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Uzbekistan announces visa waiver for citizens of 45 countries | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management". Indiablooms.com.
- ^ "EXEMPTION OF ENTRY VISA TO VIETNAM". 16 December 2016. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016.
- ^ Newspaper, Tuoi Tre (7 June 2016). "Official: Vietnam to scrap visas for five European countries in July". tuoitrenews.vn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme" (PDF). punetejashtme.gov.al. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Turisme d'Andorra. Useful information on the Principality". visitandorra.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.mfa.am. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.mfa.am. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Information on visa-free travel via the checkpoint "Minsk National Airport" - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus". mfa.gov.by. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Visa-free entry for citizens of Lithuania, Latvia and Poland - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus". mfa.gov.by. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus). 1 July 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". mfa.gov.by. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus). 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Vize". mfa.ba. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of Georgia - Interviews". 13 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
- ^ Georgia, Civil. "Civil.Ge - Georgia Restores One-Year Visa-Free Rules". civil.ge. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "UTL". utl.is. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Vizat Për Shtetasit E Huaj". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein: Consular matters". 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the RM". gov.md. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Overview of visa regimes for foreign citizens". mvpei.gov.me. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "FAQ Monaco". visitmonaco.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Министерство за надворешни работи". www.mfa.gov.mk. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ "Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway (visa-free) - UDI". udi.no. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Border formalities - Ufficio di Stato per il Turismo". visitsanmarino.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Consular countries". mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ EJPD. "Do I require a visa?". admin.ch. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". mfa.gov.tr. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Entry regime and visa requirements for foreigners entering Ukraine - MFA of Ukraine". mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Entry to Ukraine from Poland: Rules for obtaining a Ukrainian visa for foreigners".
- ^ "Visiting the UK: information for EU, EEA and Swiss citizens". GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Visiting the UK as an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen". GOV.UK. 27 May 2022.
- ^ "Common Travel Area: rights of UK and Irish citizens". GOV.UK. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Archived 2017-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Visa". Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ "EU and Republic of Kiribati sign agreement - Fiji Times Online". fijitimes.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Summary of countries entitled for visa exemption/waiver or visitor visa on arrival". Republic of the Marshall Islands, Ministry of Justice, Immigration & Labor, Division of Immigration. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ Custom Regulations Archived 2017-07-29 at the Wayback Machine, Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board
- ^ "Visa waiver countries and territories". New Zealand Immigration. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ "Agreement - Consilium". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ a b Agreement between the European Union and the independent State of Samoa on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "Visa Free Travel to EU Signed - Solomon Times Online". solomontimes.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Solomon Islanders get visa-free access to Europe". radionz.co.nz. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Solomon Islands". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Tonga". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "EU-Tuvalu agreement on short-stay visa waiver signing ceremony (Part 1) - EU Council Newsroom". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Annex to the Proposal for a Council Decision eur-lex.europa.eu
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Vanuatu on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ "Special Categories Exempted From Visa Requirements - For Foreign Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". mfa-ks.net. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Transnistria useful information, warnings, visas, border crossings, budget accommodation". Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
- ^ "Rules and recommendations - Transnistria tour". transnistria-tour.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Visa Regulations of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "How to get to North Cyprus? - Passport, Visa & Entry Requirements". cypnet.co.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "入 境 事 務 處". immd.gov.hk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Public Security Police Force". fsm.gov.mo. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Tonga". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "О визах - Министерство иностранных дел". mfa-rso.su. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Procedure of the Entry to the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia - Министерство иностранных дел". mfa-rso.su. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Bureau of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Archived from the original on 31 October 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ^ Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement. [2] [dead link]
- ^ The details of the procedure are set out in Articles 1(4) of Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 as amended by Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013. [dead link]
- ^ State of play and the possible ways forward as regards the situation of non-reciprocity with certain third countries in the area of visa policy, European Commission, 12 April 2016.
- ^ "LI2019103EN.01000101.xml". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ "State of play and the possible ways forward as regards the situation of non-reciprocity with certain third countries in the area of visa policy" (PDF). European commission. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Report from the Commission of 22.4.2015 assessing the situation of non-reciprocity with certain third countries in the area of visa policy" (PDF). European Commission. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ "Information from the Commission about notifications by the Member States of cases of non-reciprocity in accordance with Article 1(4)(a) of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 as amended by Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council". European Commission. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ^ "Seventh report on certain third countries' maintenance of visa requirements in breach of the principle of reciprocity" (PDF). European Commission. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
- ^ "Canada-EU trade: Ambassador confident visa concerns from Romania, Bulgaria will be resolved". ctvnews.ca. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Blanchfield, Mike (25 September 2014). "Visa snag looms as Harper heralds end of Canada-EU deal - GuelphMercury.com". guelphmercury.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "EU Envoy Confident Canada Working to Resolve Bulgaria Visa Concerns - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency". novinite.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Bulgaria Will Not Sign TTIP Unless US Lifts Visa Requirements - Minister - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency". novinite.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Bahrain Electronic Visa Service". evisa.gov.bh. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Bahrain". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
- ^ Amin, Sandy Riopel, Ash. "Consulate General of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Los Angeles, California". bangladeshconsulatela.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Bangladesh Online MRV Portal". Department of Immigration & Passports, Government of the Peoples's Republic of Bangladesh. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Bangladesh". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Rédaction, La. "Bénin: le visa touriste à l'arrivée dès le 15 mars 2018". TourMaG.com, 1er journal des professionnels du tourisme francophone.
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Cambodia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Présidence de l'Union des Comores [Site officiel]". Archived from the original on 5 December 2004. Retrieved 5 December 2004.
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Comoros". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Egypt". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Visa not required for up to 15 days in Sinai resorts.
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Guinea Bissau". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Indonesia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "العراق يعفي مواطني 37 دولة من تأشيرة الدخول.. وهذه هي الجنسيات المشمولة". www.aljazeera.net.
- ^ Visa on arrival obtainable at most international ports of entry and at most international land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge crossing).
- ^ Board, Welcome to Jordan Tourism. "Visas To Jordan". visitjordan.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Jordan". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Jordan axes visa fee to encourage tourists | News | Travel Trade Gazette". Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Kuwait". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Available at international airports Wattay Vientiane, Pakse Savannakhet and Luang Prabang, and at land borders Friendship Bridge, Vientiane and Savannakhet; Nam Heuang Friendship Bridge, Sayabouly Province; and border crossings at Boten-Mohan, Dansavan-Lao Bao, Houaysay-Chiang Khong, Thakhek-Nakhon Phanom, Nong Haet-Nam Kan, Nam Phao-Kao Cheo, Veun Kham-Dong Calor, and Vangtao-Chong Mek as well as Tha Naleng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkhai, Thailand. Entry points Napao-Chalo, Taichang-Sophoun, Pakxan-Bungkan, and Xiengkok are open only to visa holders.
- ^ "Visa-on-arrival". tourismlaos.org. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Laos". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Obtainable at the land border with Syria, the port of Beirut, or Beirut International Airport.
- ^ "sub4". 11 August 2013. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Lebanon". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Madagascar Visa Information, How To Obtain a Visa". madagascar-consulate.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Madagascar". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Malawi". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Beney. "Maldives Immigration". immigration.gov.mv. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Maldives". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Mauritania". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Mozambique". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Obtainable at Tribhuvan International Airport and certain land borders.
- ^ "Welcome to Department of Immigration, Nepal". Archived from the original on 6 January 2002. Retrieved 6 January 2002.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Nepal". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Papua New Guinea". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ High risk country visa requirement immigration.gov.pg
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Philippines". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "New Saudi Arabia tourist visas: Everything you need to know". October 2019.
- ^ "Sierra Leone takes a step closer to become a popular tourist destination". 5 September 2019.
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^ "Entry requirements - Somalia travel advice". Gov.uk.
- ^ "Somalia International Travel Information".
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Sri Lanka". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ ETA obtainable on arrival or online prior to arrival.
- ^ "Immigration Services Department of United Republic of Tanzania". Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Tanzania". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ a b c Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Togo". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration Control". Archived from the original on 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Uganda". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Zambia Visa & Immigration". zambiatourism.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Zimbabwe". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Bolivia visa group 2 boliviabella.com
- ^ Timatic Staff (26 November 2013). "Visa Information—Bolivia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Burkina Faso". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Obtainable at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.
- ^ "Consular Service". ethiopianembassy.org. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Ethiopia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Gambia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ "Requirements For Travel to Jamaica". pica.gov.jm. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Jamaica". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff. "Visa Information—Mongolia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ Nyasha Francis Nyaungwa (30 August 2019). "Namibia eases visa restrictions to boost economy". Windhoek Observer. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ Timatic Staff (7 September 2019). "Visa Information—Bolivia". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "Pristine Paradise Palau | Official Tourism Office of Palau Micronesia". Archived from the original on 9 September 2003. Retrieved 9 September 2003.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Palau". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand [dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Thailand". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ For arrivals by air only.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—East Timor". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Solomon Islands". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Tonga". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ a b Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Tuvalu". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Agreement between the European Union and the United Arab Emirates on the short-stay visa waiver consilium.europa.eu
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—United Arab Emirates". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Burundi". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 17 December 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Iraq". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ Ministry of Interior (29 September 2021). "Visa Information—Pakistan". Ministry of Interior. Pakistan: Government of Pakistan. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan". dgip.gov.pk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Timatic Staff (17 December 2013). "Visa Information—Vietnam". timaticweb.com. Montreal, CAN: International Air Transport Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ html, www.sitecreation.com.au - web design, sydney, design, freelance. "Discover Phu Quoc - island paradise in the Gulf of Thailand, secluded and beautiful beaches, resorts and hotels on Phu Quoc island, Vietnam..." discoverphuquoc.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "No visa required for tourists to Phu Quoc on short stay - Vietsea Tourist - Travel to Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand - Vietnam Travel Tours". vietseatourist.vn. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Electronic Travel Authority". immi.gov.au. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Home Page - The Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic". evisa.gov.az. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Bahrain Electronic Visa Service". evisa.gov.bh. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Accueil e-visa". evisa.gouv.bj.
- ^ "Bhutan e-Visa/e-Permit". Department of Immigration.
- ^ "Ethiopian eVISA". evisa.gov.et. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
- ^ [3]
- ^ "EVisa".
- ^ "DRC eVisa".
- ^ "Kingdom of Cambodia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation". evisa.gov.kh. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
- ^ "Gabon e-Visa". dgdi.ga. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Guinea Visa". www.paf.gov.gn.
- ^ "REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU Electronic Visa Application System". Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "Indian e-Tourist Visa". indianvisaonline.gov.in. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "IR-IRAN Electronic Visa (Iran eVisa) Application - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". evisa.mfa.ir.
- ^ "Iran issuing entry visas at Qeshm airport". persiadigest.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ "گشایش دفتر صدور روادید الکترونیکی در فرودگاه بین المللی ارومیه". کجارو. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- ^ "گشایش دفتر صدور روادید الکترونیکی در فرودگاه بین المللی ارومیه". kojaro.com. 24 January 2017.
- ^ "دفتر صدور الکترونیکی روادید درفرودگاه اهواز راه اندازی شد". roozame.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "10 Iranian Airports Issue Visa on Arrival". financialtribune.com. 23 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ "Visa on Arrival". evisa.mfa.ir.
- ^ BESSIN, Effi Marcel. ":::SNEDAI". snedai.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ eCitizen. "eCitizen - Gateway to All Government Services". ecitizen.go.ke. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Kuwait e-Visa". moi.gov.kw. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "eVisa Laos".
- ^ "visa lesotho tourism documents travel evisalesotho.com". Lesotho E-Visa. 24 December 2014.
- ^ "eVisa Libya".
- ^ "EVisa | Welcome to the eService of Tourism, Immigration and Emigration".
- ^ "Malawi e-Visa System | Malawi Visa Online | The Official e-Visa Application Portal of Malawi | Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services". evisa.gov.mw.
- ^ a b "Myanmar eVisa". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ "Nepal eVisa". nepalimmigration.gov.np. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "eVisa". evisa.ica.gov.pg.
- ^ "Electronic visa / Consular department of MFA of Russia". kdmid.ru. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
- ^ "APPLYING FOR VISA/ PERMIT ONLINE". www.migration.gov.rw. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
- ^ "Saudi eVisa | The Official website for Tourist Visa to Saudi Arabia". visa.visitsaudi.com.
- ^ "evisa.gov.ss - Apply for a South Sudan e-Visa online". www.evisa.gov.ss.
- ^ "Online Visa Application". Eta.gov.lk. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ "Suriname E-Visa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname". suriname.vfsevisa.com.
- ^ "Tourism Minister: E-visa service for visiting Syria to start upcoming May". SANA. 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Tanzania eVisa - Welcome". eservices.immigration.go.tz.
- ^ "Tajikistan e-Visa". Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
- ^ "Electronic Visa Application System". evisa.gov.tr. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Uganda e-Visa". immigration.go.ug. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Vietnam evisa - National portal on Immigration". evisa.xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ Company, Alfa XP Software. "e-Visa". zambiaimmigration.gov.zm. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Home". evisa.gov.zw. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ 2012年12月06日03:46 来源:新京报 (9 September 2010). "北京对45国游客72小时过境免签 树立更开放形象". News.sohu.com. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Visa Exemption". travelChinaguide.com. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ "Chongqing launches 72-hour visa-free stays". LUO WANGSHU in Chongqing (China Daily). 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ^ "Visa Exemption". travelChinaguide.com. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Visa-free entry into China". shanghaiairport.com. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
- ^ "Shanghai joins Beijing, offers visa-free travel | CNN Travel". Travel.cnn.com. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
- ^ "Guilin offers 72-hour visa-free travel - Headlines, features, photo and videos from ecns.cn-china-news-chinanews-ecns-cns". ecns.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "72 Hours in Xi'an - Travel - Chinadaily.com.cn". 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
- ^ 米欣刚. "Xi'an allows 72-hr visa exemptions- China.org.cn". china.org.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Hainan Regulated Visa Waiver Policy Archived 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine, Hainan Tourism Development Commission
- ^ "KAZA Visa for Zambia and Zimbabwe". kazavisa.info. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Kaza Visa Launch – Flame of Africa". 29 November 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
- ^ "KAZA UNIVISA Launch 2014 - Book Namibia". booknamibia.com. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Three countries, one visa". safari-uganda.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
- ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
- ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
- ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
- ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
- ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
- ^ Bahrain government website
- ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
- ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ Timatic
- ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
- ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
- ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
- ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
- ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
- ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com.
- ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
- ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
- ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
- ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 26 October 2007.
- ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
- ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
- ^ AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
- ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
- ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
- ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019.
The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
- ^ Using dense ranking.
- ^ "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2024 Henley Passport Index. As the index uses dense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
- ^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Commission proposes visa-free travel to citizens of 16 Island Nations". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "EU adds Columbia, Peru and UAE to visa-free travel list". travelandtourworld.com. 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States". 29 April 2004. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ Summary of the Directive 2004/38/EC "Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States". 2 May 2006. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ "Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 158/2007 of 7 December 2007 amending Annex V (Free movement of workers) and Annex VIII (Right of establishment) to the EEA Agreement" (PDF). 7 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
- ^ Articles 4 and 5 of the Citizens' Rights Directive 2004/38/EC (L 158, pp. 77–123)
- ^ "APPENDIX 1 Movement of persons (Art. 20)" (PDF). ARTICLE 1.
- ^ "EUR-Lex - 22002A0430(01) - EN". Official Journal L 114, 30/04/2002 P. 0006 - 0072. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
- ^ Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie
- ^ Article 27 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
- ^ Article 28 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
- ^ Article 29 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
- ^ Articles 3(1) and 5(2) of the Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
- ^ "Free movement of workers | EU fact sheets | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ Deutsche Welle (15 September 2015). "Germany can cut welfare for jobless EU nationals, court rules". dw.com.
- ^ Heindlmaier, Anita (20 March 2020). "Mobile EU Citizens and the "Unreasonable Burden": How EU Member States Deal with Residence Rights at the Street Level". EU Citizenship and Free Movement Rights: 129–154. doi:10.1163/9789004411784_008. ISBN 9789004411784. S2CID 216237572.
- ^ "Cyprus country profile". BBC News. 23 December 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ a b "Resolution 550 (1984) Adopted by the Security Council at its 2539th meeting, May 11, 1984". refworld.org. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ "Resolution 541 (1983) Adopted by the Security Council at its 2500th meeting, on November 18, 1983". refworld.org. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ "TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ HÜKÜMETİ VE KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ HÜKÜMETİ ARASINDA İKİ ÜLKE VATANDAŞLARINA İLAVE KOLAYLIKLAR TANINMASINA İLİŞKİN ANLAŞMANIN ONAYLANMASININ UYGUN BULUNDUĞUNA DAİR KANUN" (in Turkish). TBMM. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ "Toeristen". Arubahuis.
- ^ "FAQ: Vakantie, Hoe lang mag ik op vakantie op de Nederlandse Antillen?". Antillenhuis. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ "De gevolgen van de staatkundige veranderingen". Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 November 2010.
- ^ "Consular protection - European Commission". europa.eu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
External links
[edit]- Timatic service giving subscribers up-to-date information on visa requirements(subscription required) Archived 2021-08-11 at the Wayback Machine