Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Operation Catechism/archive1
- The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was promoted by Laser brain via FACBot (talk) 21 October 2019 [1].
Operation Catechism[edit]
Operation Catechism was the last in the long-running series of air attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz during World War II. Crippled by damage from earlier attacks, the battleship had been downgraded to a floating battery and stationed in a vulnerable anchorage. She survived the Operation Obviate attack on 29 October 1944 due to luck, but little chance of survival when the pair of elite heavy bomber squadrons which had been tormenting her struck again on 12 November. Two hits from massive bombs and several near misses left Tirpitz a wreck and killed most of her crew.
This article marks the end of the series I've been working on since 2013 covering the British air attacks on Tirpitz during 1944, and is now the only of these articles which is not an FA. It passed a GA nomination in August, as well as a Military History Wikiproject A-class review which concluded a week ago. I've since further expanded the article, drawing on additional sources, and copy edited it. I'm hopeful that the FA criteria are met. Thank you in advance for your time and for your comments. Nick-D (talk) 10:43, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
CommentsSupport by PM[edit]
This article is in great shape. I have a few comments:
- suggest locating Fættenfjord on the locator map (if it is in scope)
- can anything be said in terms of a description of the Johnnie Walker mines?
- Because Tipritz
- "20 No. 9 Squadron and 19 No. 617 Squadron" is a bit odd, maybe using twenty and nineteen would be better?
- same with "No. 617 Squadron contributed 18, and No. 9 Squadron 13"
- suggest "Tromsø area,
eachboth of the squadrons" - could you add a sentence fragment explaining where "Bruno" turret was located on the ship?
- "resulting in the volume of fire directed at the Lancasters
todropping away" or "resulting in a significant reduction in the volume of fire directed at the Lancasters" - suggest "The crew
sof the No. 463 Squadron film aircraft" and "and the crews of several other Lancasters" - "and only one
wascould be found" - comma after "rescue efforts ended"
- this is a comment only, but it is weird that No.9's less accurate bombing wasn't at least in part put down to the smoke from the fires created by the No. 617 bombs
- Yes, agree. Sweetman notes though that the inquiry found that the squadron's bombardiers had the battleship clearly in their sights when they set their bomb sights so this was no excuse - presumably the smoke occurred during the subsequent run to the bomb release point, where it shouldn't have made any difference to accuracy. Nick-D (talk) 10:33, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
That's all I could find. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 10:06, 3 September 2019 (UTC)
- Thanks a lot for your review Nick-D (talk) 10:33, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
- No worries, supporting. Nice work. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 01:10, 5 September 2019 (UTC)
CommentsSupport by CPA-5[edit]
- During Operation Source on 22 September 1943, she was severely damaged Remove the 1943. Believe the readers already know that we're still in the year 1943.
- Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, the commander of the German Navy Link German Navy or pipe it to the back then navy.
- The times here are in BST (British Sumer Time) but from 1941 until 1947 Britain had BDST (British Double Summer Time) shouldn't we change them?
- The British Summer Time article notes that the UK moved to BST from autumn until Spring during the war. The sources also most frequently use BST, presumably as it aligned with the local time (Sweetman cheerfully uses a crazy mix of times though, which was tiresome to unpick!) Nick-D (talk) 10:49, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
- The retired United States Navy Rear Admiral William H. Langenberg judged that Britons used an hyphen between ranks before and in the WWII.
- which still uses them to cover excavations on roads in the Oslo region I do not think we should link Oslo here.
- British leadership acted correctly on the basis of the information Remove "on the basis of" and replace it with "based on".
That's anything from me. Cheers. CPA-5 (talk) 19:42, 3 September 2019 (UTC)
Comments Support by Maury[edit]
- I have split a para in the lede.
- "attack was possible.[49] At around 9:15 am " - para break here? it's somewhat long
- "next two days. In the days after" - para break
- "correspondent Ed Murrow.[44] The success" - and here. Actually, it would seem the second part of this should be moved under the item above it, the press tour seems to be something that should be its own para
- OT - "conspicuous bravery" - hrm. Given the almost complete lack of defense I'm not sure how conspicuous that bravery was!
- "several personnel assigned to observer posts, anti-aircraft guns and ships" - the ships... that seems odd. Is that the AA ships? Can we be any more specific here?
- "by two Tallboys.[96] A team from " - para break.
- "Operation Catechism.[107] In 1950 the" - and here.
- "possibly due to the latter squadron's bombardiers inputting an inaccurate wind speed into their bombsights." - it is perhaps worth a brief note here that wind speed it was the only input to the Mk. XIV that needed to be done manually. The rest were measured automatically through the aircraft instruments. In contrast, SABS required no external inputs and measured the aircraft's actual movement over the ground directly, meaning wind speed -and everything else- was accounted for directly. SABS was thus roughly twice as accurate as Mk. XIV, and this is almost certainly the reason their very first bomb hit her. 617 put up some *astonishing* results with SABS, on the order of modern GPS-guided ordinance.
That's it! I'll have another read-over in a few days to see if I missed anything. Maury Markowitz (talk) 15:10, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
- Thanks for your review and edits. Nick-D (talk) 10:31, 5 September 2019 (UTC)
- @Maury Markowitz: I think that I've now addressed your comments. Nick-D (talk) 10:27, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
Source review - spotchecks not done
- For UK locations, be consistent in whether you list county/country
- Hinsley et al: Worldcat gives author as just Hinsley? Nikkimaria (talk) 18:11, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
- Sorry for my tardy return, a re-read looks all-good. Support. Maury Markowitz (talk) 10:52, 10 October 2019 (UTC)
Comments support by Pendright[edit]
Lede:
- Operation Catechism was a British air raid of World War II which resulted in the destruction of the German battleship Tirpitz.
- Is it fair to say that Operation Catechism was the code name devised for a British air raid?
- Substitute "that" for which. In Aus/Eng, Bri/Eng, and Am/Eng "that" is used when the clause is esstenial to the meaning of the sentence. Which is used when it is not essential.
- ...Norwegian town of Tromsø.
- Between 940 and 1,204 German sailors were killed.
- The Oxford English Dictionary defines "sailor" in this way: A person whose job it is to work as a member of the crew of a commercial or naval ship or boat, especially one who is below the rank of officer.
- Fixed 10:21, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
- The Oxford English Dictionary defines "sailor" in this way: A person whose job it is to work as a member of the crew of a commercial or naval ship or boat, especially one who is below the rank of officer.
- The attack on 12 November marked the end of a long-running series of air and naval operations against Tirpitz which sought to eliminate the threat she posed to Allied shipping.
Background:
- As it was believed that further aircraft carrier raids would be fruitless due to shortcomings with the Royal Navy's aircraft and their armament, responsibility for sinking Tirpitz was transferred to the RAF's Bomber Command.
- Consider adding the definite article "the" before shortcomings.
- Consider a semicolon after armmament instead of the connma.
- Likewise, that would break up the sentence unnecessarily Nick-D (talk) 10:21, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
- As it was believed that further aircraft carrier raids would be fruitless due to shortcomings with the Royal Navy's aircraft and their armament, responsibility for sinking Tirpitz was transferred to the RAF's Bomber Command.
- An anchorage was selected just off the coast of the island of Håkøya where it was believed the water was shallow enough to prevent the battleship from sinking if she was attacked again.
- Consider a srmicolon after Håkøya.
- Consider changing "if she was attacked again" to "if the next attack were to be successful."
- Tirpitz was struck by a single Tallboy during the attack, which caused extensive damage to her bow and rendered her unfit for combat.
- ... transferred to near the northern Norwegian town of Tromsø
- British reconnaissance aircraft located Tirpitz at Tromsø on 18 October.
- This violated Sweden's neutrality, but allowed the bombers to approach Tromsø from the south-east, which it was believed the Germans would not expect.
Preparations - British:
- Bomber Command remained determined to sink Tirpitz
- A report issued by the Royal Navy's Naval Intelligence Division on 3 November judged that it remained necessary to attack Tirpitz in northern Norway as the battleship could potentially be repaired and made fully operational if she was left unmolested and able to reach a major base.
- As it would be difficult to target the battleship during the period of perpetual darkness in the northern winter, ...
- A gale warning was issued that night, however, and the raid was cancelled ...
- On 10 November the Lancaster crews were briefed for another attack on Tirpitz.
- Both squadrons moved to northern Scotland on 11 November in response to meteorological reports which indicated that there would be clear weather over Tromsø for up to two days.
Preparations - German:
- The smoke generators which had previously protected Tirpitz at Kaafjord were still being installed at the time of Operation Catechism and were not yet operational.
- In their place, seven fishing boats fitted with smoke generators were stationed near the battleship; these were not capable of generating a smokescreen which could completely cover Tirpitz.
Pause here - Pendright (talk) 03:13, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
- Thanks for these comments - I'll reply tomorrow Nick-D (talk) 11:42, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
Attack - Departure
- A total of 32 Lancasters were dispatched. No. 617 Squadron contributed eighteen, and No. 9 Squadron thirteen.
- ... the snow and ice which had formed on them overnight.
- As had also been the case during Operation Obviate, ...
Attack- Approach:
- The Lancasters were grouped into "gaggles" of four to six aircraft which flew at altitudes ...
- Between 7:39 am and 8:50 am local time (which was equivalent to BST) several reports of Lancasters in the area were received from observation posts.
- Is it worth mentioning who received the report(s)?
- The source doesn't specify who the reports were first sent to - presumably the observation posts' headquarters. As is noted later in the para, it took some time for the reports to be passed to Tirpitz and the fighter unit. I've tweaked the wording here to be a bit clearer though. Nick-D (talk) 10:51, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
- Change to: (the equivalent to BST)
- At around 9:15 am local time Tirpitz contacted Bardufoss to ...
- It is not clear where the other fighters were dispatched to, as one post-attack report states they were sent to the border with Sweden, another that they proceeded to Kaafjord and two pilots claimed to have reached Tromsø after Tirpitz was destroyed.
Destruction of Tirpitz:
- Tait's aircraft was the first to drop its Tallboy, which hit Tirpitz.
- No. 617 Squadron completed its attack at 9:44 am BST with all aircraft bombing.
- Tirpitz was rapidly destroyed. She was struck by two Tallboys which penetrated her armoured deck.
- Add the word being after rapidly.
- Change which to that.
- The other, which was dropped by Tait's aircraft, struck the port side amidships near the tracks for the aircraft catapult and exploded over the port boiler room.
- This explosion caused severe damage which resulted in extensive flooding, fires throughout the ship and a list of 15 to 20 degrees to port
- Change which to that.
- Replace the comma after flooding with a semclon.
- Link "list" - List (watercraft)
- ... and blew away much of the gravel which had been dumped beneath her.
- Another Tallboy probably hit Tirpitz; John Sweetman states that this bomb ricocheted off the side of the ship while William H. Garzke and Robert O. Dulin have written that it is likely to have penetrated the armoured deck near "Caesar" turret in the stern of the ship and started a fire near a powder or shell magazine.
- After the first bomb struck his ship Weber ordered the crew to evacuate the armoured citadel and attempt to counter the flooding.
- Counterflooding proved impossible, as the controls for the necessary systems had been abandoned and the volume of water which was entering the ship was well beyond their ability to fight had they been operational.
Pause here - Pendright (talk) 20:28, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
Aftermath:
- These sailors were doomed unless they were able to move to the former bottom of the ship and be rescued before their air supply ran out.
- Is the term sailors inclusive enough here?
- Consider changing from to the former bottom of the ship to "what was once the bottom of the ship"?
- Place a comma after ship.
- Others were trapped in air pockets within the wreck.
- Shortly after Tirpitz capsized, parties of sailors climbed onto the hull and painted marks on locations were they heard signs of life.
- A total of 87 sailors were rescued from within the hull in the 24 hours after the attack.
- Cutting continued for two further days, and was finally abandoned when it was assessed that the oxygen supply inside the wreck would have been exhausted; no survivors were recovered during this period.
Estimates of the total number of sailors killed vary, with the most common figures lying between 940 and 1,204.
- Many Norwegian civilians in Tromsø were pleased that Tirpitz had been destroyed, it meant the end of an order requiring that they billet members of her crew.
- Work began on stripping Tirpitz's wreck soon after rescue efforts ended, and continued until the late 1950s.
- Prior to the end of the war German personnel removed the ships' brass propellers so they could be melted down, as well as some other components.
- The wreck was sold to a Norwegian scrap dealing company in 1948, and was broken up in situ.
- Salvage work concluded in 1957, by which time most of the battleship had been removed.
- The bodies of German sailors recovered from the wreck by scrappers were initially buried alongside unwanted parts of Tirpitz, but this ceased following complaints by a local church minister.
- The hundreds of other bodies which were recovered were buried in cemeteries.
Return to base:
- One of the No. 9 Squadron Lancasters was badly damaged by anti-aircraft gunfire and its pilot decided to attempt a crash-landing in Sweden.
- where its pilot was debriefed by Cochrane.
- In the days after the attack the airmen received congratulations from King George VI, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the War Cabinet and many others.
- Churchill was congratulated by his fellow Allied leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin.
- The two airmen also gave interviews; Tait described the raid in a BBC broadcast and Williams spoke with American CBS correspondent Ed Murrow.
- Instead, Tait was awarded a third bar to his Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in recognition of his "conspicuous bravery and extreme devotion to duty in the face of the enemy, constantly exemplified over a long period of operational flying", with the citation also noting his role in leading three attacks on Tirpitz.
- Much of the relevant documentation did not survive the war, and accounts from survivors are at times contradictory.
- Sweetman judged that the failure ultimately resulted from the order to intercept the bombers being issued too late and a lack of clear plans to coordinate the defence.
- He attributed the former to delays in recognising that the bombers were headed for Tirpitz, as well as inefficient chains of communication which slowed the speed within which this information could be acted on; for instance, it was not possible for German naval personnel to pass information directly to their Luftwaffe equivalents, as messages had to be sent through single-service channels and could only be transmitted between services at relatively senior levels.
- Daniel Knowles reached a similar conclusion, labelling Tirpitz's defences "chaotic" due to the poor communications between the battleship and Bardufoss.
British:
- During the trip they inspected the wreck of the battleship and interviewed key German officers.
- A team from the Royal Navy's Directorate of Naval Construction also inspected the wreck between 4 September and 14 October 1945 and interviewed witnesses to the attack.
- This team judged that a lack of watertight integrity resulting from flaws in Tirpitz's design and the watertight doors which divided compartments being left open as the crew evacuated led to the battleship rapidly capsizing.
Finished - Pendright (talk) 05:58, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
- Thanks again for this excellent review. Nick-D (talk) 10:14, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
Coord note[edit]
Hi Nick, I think we just need an image review now -- on that subject, might be worth noting in the infobox that the pic is a painting (looked a lot like a colour photo on my screen res until I got in closer)... Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 06:33, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
- Thanks Ian @Nikkimaria: could you please check that the images here are OK? From memory, the only one which is different to those you checked in the ACR is that in Operation Catechism#Historiography. The painting is by an artist employed by the War Artists' Advisory Committee, a government agency, so should be PD under the rules around UK Government works. Thank you. Nick-D (talk) 06:38, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
- Images are appropriately licensed. Nikkimaria (talk) 13:54, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
@Ian Rose: I think that this is now ready to close (sorry to hassle you, but I'm keen to grab the 75th anniversary TFA slot, and asking for it sooner rather than later would be helpful for the coords there). Nick-D (talk) 08:00, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
- Sure Nick, but per my earlier comment were you planning to mention in the infobox caption that the image is a painting? Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 12:49, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
Comments Support by JennyOz[edit]
Hi Nick, some last-minute minor tweak suggestions...
- Bishop has noted that while Tirpitz' crew - Tirpitz's (per others)
- Works, Ellis, L.F. ... Her Majesty's Stationary - Stationery
- but was done as it allowed the allowed the bombers - rep typo
- redlink "correspondent Edward R.Murrow" - add space ie Edward R. Murrow
- three years imprisonment - apostrophe after years?
- sailors killed on board her at the Ehrenfriedhof cemetery - comma after "her"
- with her 380-millimetre (15 in) - flip? (per all other conversions imp->metric)
Sorry to add these so late, JennyOz (talk) 08:51, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
- Closing note: This candidate has been promoted, but there may be a delay in bot processing of the close. Please see WP:FAC/ar, and leave the {{featured article candidates}} template in place on the talk page until the bot goes through. --Laser brain (talk) 11:25, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this page.