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Ceres

Ceres is the smallest identified dwarf planet in the Solar System and the only one in the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi, and for half a century was classified as the eighth planet. It is named after Ceres, a Roman goddess. With a diameter of about 950 km (590 miles), Ceres is the largest and most massive body in the asteroid belt and contains about a third of the belt's total mass. It is spheroidal and its surface probably consists of a mixture of water ice and various hydrated minerals like carbonates and clays. Ceres appears to be differentiated into a rocky core and icy mantle, with brines reaching the surface. From the Earth, the apparent magnitude of Ceres ranges from 6.7 to 9.3; at its brightest it is generally too dim to be seen with the naked eye. On 27 September 2007, NASA launched the space probe Dawn to explore the asteroid Vesta from 2011 to 2012, and Ceres from 2015 to 2018. (This article is part of a featured topic: Solar System.)

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Replica of Nelson's chelengk
Replica of Nelson's chelengk

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Artemis 1 after launching
Artemis 1

On this day

November 20

Bust of Diocletian
Bust of Diocletian
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Close-up of a newborn baby girl yawning while lying down

A yawn is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed by an exhalation of breath. Many animal species, including birds and fish, experience yawning. The study of yawning is called chasmology. Yawning (oscitation) most often occurs in adults immediately before and after sleep, during tedious activities and as a result of its contagious quality. This photograph depicts a newborn girl yawning; research data strongly suggest that neither contagious nor story-induced yawning is reliable in children below the age of six years.

Photograph credit: Martin Falbisoner

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