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Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living microorganisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Among the first life forms to appear on Earth, bacteria are present in most habitats. They are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle, where they recycle nutrients. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. Humans and most other animals carry millions of bacteria; most bacteria in and on the body are harmless or rendered so by the immune system, and many are beneficial. Several species are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. Bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Their scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two groups of organisms that evolved from a common ancestor. (Full article...)

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April 27: Koningsdag in the Netherlands

Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn
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Panorama of the Western Ghats during the dry season
Panorama of the Western Ghats during the monsoon

The monsoon of South Asia is one of the world's monsoons, affecting the Indian subcontinent. Because of its effect on agriculture, on flora and fauna, and on the climates of nations including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the monsoon is one of the most anticipated, tracked and studied weather phenomena in the region. The southwest monsoon generally starts on the western coast of India at the beginning of June, and runs through to the beginning of October. Its cause is only partly understood and it is notoriously difficult to predict, with several theories proposed to explain its origin and process. These two panoramic photographs, taken three months apart in 2010 from the same location, show a view of the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India, during the dry season in late May (top) and during the peak of the South Asian monsoon in late August (bottom).

Photograph credit: Arne Hückelheim

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