1851
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1820s 1830s 1840s – 1850s – 1860s 1870s 1880s |
| Years: | 1848 1849 1850 – 1851 – 1852 1853 1854 |
| 1851 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – |
| Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science |
| Sports – Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1851
[edit] January–June
- January 11 – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
- January 15 – Christian Female College, now Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
- January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in the Oregon Territory is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
- February 12 – Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
- March 1 – Victor Hugo uses the phrase United States of Europe in a speech to the French National Assembly.
- March 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is first performed at La Fenice in Venice.
- March 27 – The first white men reportedly see Yosemite Valley.
- March 30 – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom.
- April 9 – San Luis, the oldest permanent settlement in the state of Colorado, is founded by settlers from Taos, New Mexico.
- April 20 – Ramón Castilla loses power in Peru.
- April 21- John Stuart Mill marries Harriet Taylor
- April 28 – Santa Clara College is chartered in Santa Clara, California.
- May 1 – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria (it runs until October 18).
- May 15
- Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, the first secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia.
- Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.
[edit] July–September
- July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
- The first FA Cup Final is held, with holders Aldershot overcoming Maine Road by 3–1.
- July 1
- The Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
- Serial poisoner Hélène Jégado is arrested in Rennes, France.
- July 10 – The University of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College in Santa Clara, California.
- July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
- August 1 – Virginia closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote.
- August 5 – Mount Pelee erupts and kills 30 people including seven children (as well as two ponies).
- August 22 – The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race.
- September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- September 18 – The New York Times is founded.
- September 25 – A wolf named Berserker escapes from the Zoological Gardens, terrorising London for forty-eight hours before turning up again safe and well but for a forehead bloodied and wounded by glass.
- September 30 – The Fregatten Eugenies (or the Frigate Eugenie) leaves from Karlskrona, Sweden to begin its voyage as the first Swedish Royal Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world.
[edit] October–December
- October – The Reuters news service is founded.
- October 15 – The City of Winona, Minnesota is founded.
- October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
- October 24 – Ariel and Umbriel, moons of Uranus, are discovered by William Lassell.
- November 13 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what later becomes Seattle, Washington.
- November 14 – Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick; or The Whale is published in the U.S. by Harper & Brothers, New York, after being first published on October 18 in London by Richard Bentley, in 3 volumes as The Whale.
- December 2 – Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves the French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. A year later he declares himself as Emperor Napoleon III, ending the Second Republic.
- December 6 – The trial of Hélène Jégado begins; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by guillotine.
- December 9 – The first YMCA (1844) in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
- December 24 – The Library of Congress burns. The First Lancashire Darts Federation was founded, after years of being several separate societies.
- December 26–27 – A Royal Navy warship bombards Lagos Island; Oba Kosoko is wounded and flees to Epe.
- December 29 – The first YMCA opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
[edit] Undated
- Northwestern University is founded.
- St. Paul's College, Hong Kong is founded.
- Western Union is founded.
- The population of Britain reaches 21 million.
- 6.3 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales. Cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population.
- Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act permitted local authorities to appoint commissioners to erect or purchase houses for the working classes. Little used.[2]
- Huddersfield Weekly Examiner commences publication.
[edit] Ongoing events
- New Zealand land wars (1845–1872)
- Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864)
- First Schleswig War (1848–1851)
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1851 MDCCCLI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2604 |
| Armenian calendar | 1300 ԹՎ ՌՅ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 7 – 8 |
| Berber calendar | 2801 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2395 |
| Burmese calendar | 1213 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7359 – 7360 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚戌年十一月廿九日 (4487/4547-11-29) — to —
辛亥年十一月初十日(4488/4548-11-10) |
| Coptic calendar | 1567 – 1568 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1843 – 1844 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5611 – 5612 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1906 – 1907 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1773 – 1774 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4952 – 4953 |
| Holocene calendar | 11851 |
| Iranian calendar | 1229 – 1230 |
| Islamic calendar | 1267 – 1268 |
| Japanese calendar | Kaei 4 (嘉永4年) |
| Korean calendar | 4184 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2394 |
[edit] January–June
- January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
- January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
- February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
- March 14 – John Sebastian Little, American politician and congressman (d. 1916)
- March 18 – Julien Dupré, Fench artist (d. 1910)
- March 19 – William Henry Stark, business leader (d. 1936)
- March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
- March 28 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese President (d. 1944)
- April 13 – Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
- April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo, Foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart (d. 1923)
- April 20 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
- April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
- May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
- May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
- May 21 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
[edit] July–December
- June 16 – Georg Jellinek, German legal philosopher (d. 1911)
- July 8 – Arthur Evans, British archaeologist (d. 1941)
- July 15 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (d. 1889)
- July 20 – Arnold Pick, Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1924)
- July 24 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935)
- August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
- September 7 – David King Udall, American politician (d. 1938)
- September 14 – H.E. Beunke, Dutch writer (d. 1925)
- October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
- October 20 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (d. 1946)
- December 20 – Dora Montefiore, English suffragist and socialist (d. 1933)
- December 30 – Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman and politician (d. 1929)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January–June
- January 10 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (b. 1775)
- January 19 – Esteban Echeverría, Argentine poet and writer (b. 1805)
- January 23 – Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, Scottish politician (b. 1809)
- January 27 – John James Audubon, French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. 1785)
- January 31 – David Spangler Kaufman, Congressman from Texas (b. 1813)
- February 1 – Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)
- February 3 – Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, Congressman from Massachusetts secretary of U.S. Navy (b. 1772)
- February 18 – Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
- February 23 – Joanna Baillie, Scottish poetess and dramatist (b. 1762)
- February 28 – Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (b. 1775)
- March 9 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish scientist (b. 1777)
- May 13 – Princess Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. 1788)
- May 22 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist (b. 1785)
[edit] July–December
- July 10 – Louis Daguerre, French artist and chemist (b. 1787)
- July 17 – Roger Sheaffe, British General
- August 8 – James Shudi Broadwood, piano manufacturer (b. 1772)
- September 10 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)
- September 11 – Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist and inventor (b. 1794)
- September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (b. 1789)
- October 4 – Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (b. 1767)
- October 19 – Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
- November 26 – Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal and politician (b. 1769)
- December 19 – Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist (b. 1775)
- date unknown – John Brown Russwurm, American abolitionist (b. 1799)
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[edit] Notes
- ^ "Calendar in year 1851 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: Julian-1851 (Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).
- ^ Chris Cock The Longman Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century 1815 – 1914 (London & New York: Longman, 1999) p. 125
