Kollnau[edit]

Kollnau is a suburb of the major district town Waldkirch and was an independent municipality until 1974. Kollnau is located in the lower Elztal (Elz Valley) in the southern part of the central Black Forest at an elevation of 274 meters above sea level, with the highest point being the Vögelestein at 607 meters.

History[edit]

The municipality of Kollnau initially consisted of the two scattered settlements of Kohlenbach and Kollnau, which were created as clearing sites. Like the other scattered settlements in the Elztal, Kollnau was also part of the foundation property of the Waldkirch monastery of St. Margarethen, founded around 920. Kollnau later came under the ownership of the Lords of Schwarzenberg and, after 1316, the Kastelberg family. The first mention of the name Kollnau can be found in an interest register of St. Nicholas' Hospital in Waldkirch. The chronological classification is imprecise, it is dated to around 1290.

Kollnau and Kohlenbach[edit]

Historically both towns were mentioned independently of each other. The names Harniswald and Übental also appear alongside Kohlenbach. Over time they were sometimes considered one municipality, sometimes two towns. Around 1839, the farmers of Kohlenbach requested independence from Kollnau, because they had to pay levies from which they derived little benefit, for example in the construction of the Spritzenremise and a prison. The request was ultimately denied by the government of Baden in Karlsruhe in 1846. Around this time, Kollnau's population was 553 souls and 84 citizens, Kohlenbach's population was 200 souls and 23 citizens. Citizens of these towns were counted separately. Both towns had their own municipal district. In 1893, the citizens of Kohlenbach sought the complete unification with Kollnau to lower costs for various administrative matters. Initially declined by the municipal council, an agreement was made in 1906 and on the 1st of January 1907 both municipalities were unified and the border removed.

Economic development[edit]

The inhabitants of Kollnau lived from agriculture and crafts, residents of Kohlenbach exclusively from agriculture.

A smelting and hammering mill was operated on the Elz from 1683 to 1868. It was an institution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and had a predecessor in Simonswald. Ore and timber shortages as well as technical progress led to the decommissioning.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Kollnau was heavily influenced by the textile industry. In 1869, the Kollnauer Baumwollspinnerei & Weberei (a Cotton spinning & weaving mill known as ‘KSW’) was founded on the site of the hammer mill, in the course of which workers' housing and a factory school were also built. The KSW closed in 1990 after going bankrupt. Large parts of the factory premises of the Gütermann sewing silk factory in Gutach are also located in Kollnau.

Correction[edit]

"Over time" instead of "As time went on"

"from which they derived little benefit" instead of "from which they had little benefit"

"sought" instead of "wished for"