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April 1918

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The Royal Air Force is established.
British gunners defending against the German offensive during the Battle of the Lys.
German war ace Manfred von Richthofen, the "Red Baron", is killed in action.
Bodies of Finnish Red Guards killed in the "Valley of Death" near Kuolemanlaakso, Finland following the Battle of Rautu.

The following events occurred in April 1918:

April 1, 1918 (Monday)

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Bodies of Azerbaijanis killed in Baku during March Days.
Camels being led across pontoon bridge
British medical troops crossing the Jordan River during the retreat following the first attack on Ottoman-held Jordan.

April 2, 1918 (Tuesday)

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April 3, 1918 (Wednesday)

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April 4, 1918 (Thursday)

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British artillery defend the Allied line during the Battle of the Avre in France.

April 5, 1918 (Friday)

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Queen Sālote of Tonga at her coronation.
  • Operation Michael – British forces halted the German advance at Ancre, France, ending the first stage of the Spring Offensive.[43] The offensive had cost the Allies some c. 255,000 men including 177,739 killed, British casualties. As well, the German captured 75,000 prisoners and some 1,300 artillery pieces. German casualties were also massive, with 250,000 casualties.[44] Despite advancing more than 65 km (40 mi) and capturing 3,100 km2 (1,200 sq mi) of French territory, the offensive achieved few of the strategic objectives of the operation.[45]
  • Battle of Rautu – The Red Guards broke through the White Guard line and attempted to escape to Petrograd. However, the column was caught in a machine gun cross-fire in a valley near Kuolemanlaakso, Finland at the Russian-Finnish border, where 400 men were slaughtered along with dozens of civilians from the nearby village. Another 800 to 900 Red Guards were taken prisoner. The Whites Guards lost 270 casualties in the final two days of the battle. The Kuolemanlaakso valley was nicknamed the "Valley of Death" following the massacre.[36]
  • Battle of Tampere – The Red Guards barricaded in the town center of Tampere, Finland surrendered to the White Guards.[46]
  • Sālote Tupou became the first queen monarch of the Kingdom of Tonga, succeeding George Tupou upon his death, and remaining on the throne until her own death in 1965 in what was the longest reign for the South Pacific kingdom.[47][48]
  • Royal Air Force pilot Lieutenant C. H. Noble-Campbell of No. 38 Squadron was wounded in the head by machine-gun fire while attacking German Zeppelin L 62 but was able to return safely to base. It was the only occasion on which an attacking airman was wounded in combat with an airship.[49]
  • The American Bristol airplane was first flown.[50]
  • Died: Andrew Van Vranken Raymond, American religious leader and academic, president of Union College from 1894 to 1907 (b. 1854); Paul Vidal de La Blache, French geographer, considered the founder of modern French geography and geopolitics (b. 1845)

April 6, 1918 (Saturday)

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April 7, 1918 (Sunday)

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April 8, 1918 (Monday)

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April 9, 1918 (Tuesday)

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April 10, 1918 (Wednesday)

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British troops blinded by poison gas line up for treatment during the Battle of the Lys.

April 11, 1918 (Thursday)

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April 12, 1918 (Friday)

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German troops mobilizing during the Battle of Helsinki.

April 13, 1918 (Saturday)

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April 14, 1918 (Sunday)

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April 15, 1918 (Monday)

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April 16, 1918 (Tuesday)

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April 17, 1918 (Wednesday)

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April 18, 1918 (Thursday)

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April 19, 1918 (Friday)

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National flag of Lithuania

April 20, 1918 (Saturday)

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April 21, 1918 (Sunday)

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RAF pilot Roy Brown, credited for shooting down "The Red Baron".
Sergeant Cedric Popkin (second right, middle row) with his artillery unit, also credited for shooting down "The Red Baron".
  • An earthquake shook southern California, causing $200,000 in damage, one death, and several injuries.[99]
  • Battle of Lahti – Around 1,000 Red Guard reinforcements from Hollola, Finland were dispatched to recapture Lahti, Finland. German forces pushed them back, killing 37 Red Guards and taking another 500 prisoner. A further 300 supporters were arrested in the village over the next three days.[100]
  • German submarine SM UB-71 was depth-charged and sunk in the Strait of Gibraltar by a Royal Navy ship with the loss of all 32 crew.[101]
  • German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, better known as "The Red Baron", died at Morlancourt Ridge near the Somme River after he was fatally wounded by a single bullet fired on his plane while he pursued Canadian pilot Wop May over the battlefield. Historians debated who fired the fatal shot, with May's commanding squadron leader Roy Brown given official credit since he flew to May's rescue and fired on von Richthofen's plane.[102] However, contemporary analysis of von Richthofen's autopsy suggested the fatal shot more than likely came from ground fire, with Australian artillery gunners Sergeant Cedric Popkin, Snowy Evans or Robert Buie as the ones who actually downed "The Red Baron".[103] The German war ace's record total of 80 victories was only exceeded by French ace René Fonck, who although was only credited with 75 kills, claimed 142. France’s criteria for a “kill” required a third party to witness the crash and “out of control” kills did not count meaning he could have possibly shot down 67 planes out of control. Only six of them needed to crash to overtake Richthofen and since planes that are driven out of control usually crash, it is almost certain he scored significantly higher than the Red Baron.[104][105]
  • The United States Army established the First Corps Observation Group for air warfare over the Western Front.[106]
  • The Confederate Mothers Monument was unveiled publicly in Texarkana, Texas by the Texas chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, among several funded and unveiled by the organization in the late 1910s.[107]
  • Died: Antonio Pini-Corsi, Italian opera singer, known for his performances in operas such as Falstaff and La bohème (b. 1859)

April 22, 1918 (Monday)

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April 23, 1918 (Tuesday)

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April 24, 1918 (Wednesday)

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April 25, 1918 (Thursday)

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April 26, 1918 (Friday)

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April 27, 1918 (Saturday)

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April 28, 1918 (Sunday)

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April 29, 1918 (Monday)

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Finnish Red Guard prisoners are escorted following the Battle of Viipuri.
Civilians survey their destroyed neighbourhood following the Battle of Viipuri.

April 30, 1918 (Tuesday)

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References

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