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September 1911

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September 25, 1911: 300 killed in explosion of French battleship Liberté
September 30, 1911: 78 killed by damburst at Austin, Pennsylvania
September 29, 1911: Italy goes to war with Turkey, invades Libya
September 14, 1911: Russian Premier Stolypin assassinated

The following events occurred in September 1911:

September 1, 1911 (Friday)

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September 2, 1911 (Saturday)

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September 3, 1911 (Sunday)

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September 4, 1911 (Monday)

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September 5, 1911 (Tuesday)

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  • Reports of the flood that would drown 200,000 people were relayed to the world by Western missionaries, after China's Yangtze River overflowed its banks. The American Mission at Wuhu initially reported that 100,000 people had drowned in the Ngan-hwei (now Anhui province) and that 95% of crops along the banks had been destroyed.[17] Follow-up reports were that the destruction extended from I-Chang (Yichang) in the Hu-peh (Hubei) province and down to Shanghai for 700 miles.[18] Estimates of the number of people who died have been as high as 200,000 who drowned and another 100,000 who starved or were murdered during the subsequent famine.[19]
  • The day after France showed off its 50 warships, Kaiser Wilhelm II reviewed a fleet of 99 warships of the German Navy at Kiel. The procession, which did not include three of the four Helgoland-class battleships, was seen by American observers as proof that Germany had displaced the United States as having the second most powerful navy in the world (after the British Navy).[1][20]
  • At the Battle of Imamzadeh Ja'far, Persian troops successfully routed rebels seeking to restore the deposed Shah, Mohammed Ali Mirza, to the throne. The outcome was reported later to have been as a result of superior weapons, with the government forces using machine guns under the direction of German adviser Major Haas.[21] Rebel leader Arshad ed Dowleh was captured, and executed the next day. Seized with him was a large amount of gold used by the ex-Shah, who fled with his remaining 7 followers to Gumesh Tepe at the border.[22][23][24][25]
  • The first adult literacy program in the United States, when Cora Wilson Stewart, the school superintendent in Rowan County, Kentucky, began a program that she called the Moonlight School. The night classes at the county's 50 schools would take place as long as the Moon was bright enough for students to safely travel. She had expected that 150 adults might want to learn to read. Instead, 1,200 men and women signed up.[26][27]

September 6, 1911 (Wednesday)

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September 7, 1911 (Thursday)

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September 8, 1911 (Friday)

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  • A day after the temperature at his Antarctic camp at Framheim rose to -7.6 °F, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, seven men and 86 dogs began the journey toward the South Pole. Four days later, the temperature dropped to -68 °F, forcing Amundsen's return.[35]
  • General John J. Pershing, serving in the Philippines as U.S. Military Governor of the Moro Province issued Executive Order No. 24 to disarm the Moro residents. The rule made it unlawful for anyone in the province "to acquire, possess, or have the custody of any rifle, musket, carbine, shotgun, revolve, pistol or other deadly weapon from which a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missile or missiles may be discharged by means of gunpowder or other explosive" and prohibited people from carrying "any bowie knife, dirk, dagger, kris, campilan, spear, or other deadly cutting or thrusting weapon, except tools used exclusively for working purposes having blades less than 15 inches in length."[36]
  • The collapse of the El Dorado Theatre at Nice killed 11 construction workers.[37]
  • Lt. Col. Henry Galway was appointed as the British colonial Governor of The Gambia.[38]

September 9, 1911 (Saturday)

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September 10, 1911 (Sunday)

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September 11, 1911 (Monday)

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September 12, 1911 (Tuesday)

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September 13, 1911 (Wednesday)

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September 14, 1911 (Thursday)

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September 15, 1911 (Friday)

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  • In the largest bank robbery at the time, three safecrackers broke into a branch of the Bank of Montreal in New Westminster, British Columbia, and stole $251,161 in Canadian currency and $20,560 worth of American double eagle gold coins, with a worth in U.S. dollars of $320,000. A janitor who had happened by at 4:00 a.m. was tied up by the robbers, and the bank's caretaker did not discover the theft until two hours later. The culprits left behind another $100,000 worth of small bills and silver and escaped without notice, despite the bank being located only 25 yards away from the city police station.[57][58] "Australian Jack" McNamara and Charles Dean were both tried for the theft, and both acquitted, although McNamara was convicted of stealing an automobile believed to have been used as a getaway car. Bills from the robbery continued to be spotted a decade after the robbery.;[59][60]
  • U.S. President Taft finished the vacation at Beverly, Massachusetts, that had begun on August 11. Rather than returning to the White House, he began a 15,000 mile tour of 30 of the nation's 46 states.[61] After spending three months away from Washington, D.C., Taft returned to the White House on November 12.[62]
  • Born:
  • Died: Iwisaki Kimi, 9, subject of the Japanese children's song "The Girl in Red Shoes". Adopted by American missionary Charles Huit at the age of 3, she was abandoned to a church orphanage in Azabu-Juban after the Huits returned to the U.S., due to her having tuberculosis. Statues of Kimi were erected in several sites in Japan after her story was retold in 1973, including one at Azabu-Juban.[63]

September 16, 1911 (Saturday)

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September 17, 1911 (Sunday)

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  • Calbraith Perry Rodgers took off from the airstrip at Sheepshead Bay near New York City with the goal of winning the $50,000 Hearst Transcontinental Prize for the first person to fly across the United States in an airplane within 30 days and before October 10, 1911. Sponsored by the Armour Company and flying the Vin Fiz, Rodgers made 69 landings, including 19 crashes. When the deadline for the prize expired on October 10, he had only reached Marshall, Missouri, but he continued until landing in Pasadena on November 5, 1911, having covered 4,231 miles in 49 days.[66]

September 18, 1911 (Monday)

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September 19, 1911 (Tuesday)

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September 20, 1911 (Wednesday)

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September 21, 1911 (Thursday)

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New Canadian Premier Borden

September 22, 1911 (Friday)

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September 23, 1911 (Saturday)

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September 24, 1911 (Sunday)

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Konstantin Chernenko

September 25, 1911 (Monday)

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September 26, 1911 (Tuesday)

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  • The government of Italy prepared an ultimatum and threat of war to Turkey, demanding cession of the Ottoman Empire's North African territory in modern-day Libya, on grounds that Muslim fanatics in Tripoli were endangering Italian lives. Because Germany had been attempting to mediate the crisis between the two kingdoms, delivery of the ultimatum was held off for two days.[88]

September 27, 1911 (Wednesday)

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September 28, 1911 (Thursday)

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  • The Italo-Turkish War commenced as Italy's ultimatum served upon Turkish Grand Vizier Ibrahim Hakki Pasha at noon by Giacomo De Martino, the Italian Chargé d'affaires at Constantinople after negotiations by Baron Marschall von Bieberstein, the German Ambassador, had failed, giving Turkey 24 hours to give up Libya or to go to war.[91]
  • Five days after the appeal in Belfast by Edward Carson, "Ulster Day" was set aside for residents of the Irish province to sign a covenant to resist rule from Dublin in the event that Ireland was granted Home Rule. The pledge was signed by 237,368 men and 234,046 women.[79]

September 29, 1911 (Friday)

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September 30, 1911 (Saturday)

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  • A concrete dam, maintained by the Bayless Pulp and Paper Mill, burst at 2:30 in the afternoon, sending 4,500,000 gallons of water through the town of Austin, Pennsylvania, and the smaller localities of Costello and Wharton. Officially, 78 people were killed, although the initial estimate of death was almost 1,000.[97][98]`
  • The U.S. Army became the first army in the world to make vaccinations against typhoid mandatory. Within 9 months, the whole army had been immunized against typhoid.[99]
  • Born: Ruth Gruber, American humanitarian, in New York City (d. 2016).[citation needed]
  • Died: Wilhelm Dilthey, 77, German philosopher.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Record of Current Events". The American Monthly Review of Reviews: 415–419. October 1911.
  2. ^ William J. Mills, Exploring Polar Frontiers: A - L., Volume 1 (ABC-CLIO, 2003). p. 720.
  3. ^ "New Portuguese Cabinet". New York Times. September 3, 1911.
  4. ^ "Kaiser Unveils Steuben Statute", New York Times, September 3, 1911
  5. ^ Lambertson, Giles (July 22, 2015). "The Birdman of Topeka". Air & Space. Smithsonian.
  6. ^ "Berlin Anti-War Protest". New York Times. September 4, 1911.
  7. ^ "Berlin, 1871-1920", by Dick Geary, in Radical Cultures and Local Identities (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010). p. 16.
  8. ^ Jay Brunhouse, Maverick Guide to Berlin (Pelican Publishing, 2007). p. 300.
  9. ^ "Gotch, Frank Alvin", in The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa (University of Iowa Press, 2009). p. 194.
  10. ^ "Gotch Champion Wrestler of World". New York Times. September 5, 1911.
  11. ^ Margo McLoone, Jacquelyn L. Beyer, Women Explorers of the Air: Harriet Quimby, Bessie Coleman, Amelia Earhart, Beryl Markham, Jacqueline Cochran (Capstone Press, 1999). p. 13.
  12. ^ "Girl Flies by Night at Richmond Fair". New York Times. September 5, 1911.
  13. ^ William E. McGoun, Southeast Florida Pioneers: The Palm and Treasure Coasts (Pineapple Press Inc, 1998). p. 64.
  14. ^ MyDelrayBeach.com
  15. ^ "French Fleet Ready, Salutes President". New York Times. September 5, 1911.
  16. ^ "Garros Ascends 13,943 Feet". New York Times. September 5, 1911.
  17. ^ "100,000 Chinese Drowned?". New York Times. September 5, 1911.
  18. ^ "Floods, Famines, Revolts in China". New York Times. September 6, 1911.
  19. ^ Stephen J. Spignesi, The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time (Citadel Press, Nov 1, 2002). pp. 35-36.
  20. ^ "Kaiser Reviews His Fleet— Experts Believe Germany Is Now World's Second Naval Power". New York Times. September 6, 1911.
  21. ^ "Machine guns Won Battle". New York Times. September 9, 1911.
  22. ^ "Persian Rebel Leader Executed". New York Times. September 7, 1911.
  23. ^ "Ex-Shah in Full Flight". New York Times. September 13, 1911.
  24. ^ Edward G. Browne, The Press and Poetry of Modern Persia (Kalimat Press, 1983). p. 248.
  25. ^ Steven R. Ward, Immortal: A Military History of Iran and its Armed Forces (Georgetown University Press, 2009). p. 104.
  26. ^ Carol Crowe-Carraco, Women Who Made a Difference (University Press of Kentucky, 1989). p. 38.
  27. ^ William A. Link, The Paradox of Southern Progressivism, 1880–1930 (UNC Press Books, 1997). pp. 138-140.
  28. ^ "Burgess Swims English Channel". New York Times. September 8, 1911.
  29. ^ Glenn Stout, Young Woman and the Sea: How Trudy Ederle Conquered the English Channel and Inspired the World (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009).
  30. ^ "Thomas William Burgess". Rotherhamweb.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  31. ^ Roman Brackman, The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life (Taylor & Francis, 2003). p. 66.
  32. ^ Eric Hanson, A Book of Ages: An Eccentric Miscellany of Great and Offbeat Moments in the Lives of the Famous and Infamous, Ages 1 to 100 (Random House, 2010).
  33. ^ Walter J. Boyne, Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia: M-Z (ABC-CLIO, 2002). p. 193.
  34. ^ "Portugal Menaced by Royalist Army". New York Times. September 11, 1911.
  35. ^ Paul Simpson-Housley, Antarctica: exploration, perception, and metaphor (Routledge, 1992). p. 26.
  36. ^ Arthur Stanwood Pier, American apostles to the Philippines (Ayer Publishing, 1971). p. 122.
  37. ^ "Nice Restaurant Crash Kills Eleven". New York Times. September 9, 1911.
  38. ^ a b c The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1913). p. xi.
  39. ^ "Harmon Criticises Taft's Tariff Stand", New York Times, September 10, 1911
  40. ^ "Harmon and Wilson Boomed for 1912". New York Times. September 16, 1911.
  41. ^ W. O. Durham, From Kittyhawk to the Moon: The Life, Times and Heritage of a Texas Oilman (Vantage Press, Inc, 2007). p. 315.
  42. ^ "LAKEVIEW GUSHER STOPS FLOWING". Bakersfield Californian. September 11, 1911. p. 1.
  43. ^ Jack McLean and Anthony A. Lee, Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Baháʼí Theology (Kalimat Press, 1997). p. xviii.
  44. ^ K. Paul Johnson, Initiates of Theosophical Masters (SUNY Press, 1995). p. 98.
  45. ^ "Fresno State Centennial: Our History". FresnoState100.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011.
  46. ^ Paul Debono, The Indianapolis ABCs: History of a Premier Team in the Negro Leagues (McFarland, 1997). p. 33.
  47. ^ "Still Josh Keene About His Defeat". Pittsburgh Press. September 13, 1911. p. 20.
  48. ^ Charles Hiroshi Garrett, Struggling to Define a Nation: American Music and the Twentieth Century (University of California Press, 2008). p. 178.
  49. ^ "900,000 Under Arms". New York Times. September 10, 1911.
  50. ^ "Havoc from Etna Volcano". New York Times. September 13, 1911.
  51. ^ "Chinese Cruiser Welcomed to Port". New York Times. September 12, 1911.
  52. ^ "General Rebellion Is Feared in China". New York Times. September 13, 1911.
  53. ^ Shao-chuan Leng, ed., Coping with Crises: How Governments Deal with Emergencies (University Press of America, 1990). p. 175.
  54. ^ Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, Military innovation in the interwar period (Cambridge University Press, 1998). p. 175.
  55. ^ "Stolypin Shot; Czar Present". New York Times. September 15, 1911.
  56. ^ "Idar, Nicasio" in Matt S. Meier and Margo Gutiérrez, Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000). p. 113.
  57. ^ "Bank Robbers Get More than $320,000. New York Times. September 16, 1911.
  58. ^ "Old Bank Robbery Case". Montreal Gazette. July 18, 1916. p. 5.
  59. ^ "Stolen Money in Circulation- After More Than 10 Years, Loot From New Westminster Bank Shows Up". Spokane Daily Chronicle. February 23, 1922. p. 2.
  60. ^ Fred Thirkell and Bob Scullion, Philip Timms' Vancouver: 1900–1910 (Heritage House Publishing Co, 2006). p. 163.
  61. ^ "Taft Holiday Near End", New York Times, September 12, 1911
  62. ^ "President Taft Ends His 15,000 Mile Tour". New York Times. November 12, 1911.
  63. ^ Jay Navok-Rudranath, Warriors of Legend: Reflections of Japan in Sailor Moon (Booksurge Llc, 2005). p. 40.
  64. ^ "9 Die, 14 Hurt at Auto Race". New York Times. September 17, 1911.
  65. ^ "Auto Race Dead Now Number Ten". New York Times. September 18, 1911.
  66. ^ Fred Culick and Spencer Dunmore, On Great White Wings: The Wright Brothers and the Race for Flight (Hyperion, 2001). pp. 151-153.
  67. ^ Benjamin B. Cohen, Kingship and Colonialism in India's Deccan, 1850–1948 (Macmillan, 2007). p. 81.
  68. ^ Terrence J. Finnegan, Shooting the Front: Allied Aerial Reconnaissance and Photographic Interpretation on the Western Front in World War I Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine (U.S. Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, 2006) p9
  69. ^ "Olympic Hit by a Cruiser; Badly Damaged". New York Times. September 21, 1911.
  70. ^ Richard Howells, The Myth of the Titanic (Palgrave Macmillan, 1999). pp. 19-20.
  71. ^ Bill Fawcett and Brian Thomsen, eds., You Did What?: Mad Plans and Great Historical Disasters (HarperCollins, 2004).
  72. ^ Steve Turner, The Band That Played on: The Extraordinary Story of the 8 Musicians Who Went Down With the Titanic (Thomas Nelson Inc, 2011). pp. 86-89.
  73. ^ Ross King, Defiant Spirits: The Modernist Revolution of the Group of Seven (Douglas & McIntyre, 2010).
  74. ^ "Reciprocity Thrown out by Canadians". New York Times. September 22, 1911.
  75. ^ a b c "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1911). pp. 543-546.
  76. ^ "Cheng-Tu Relieved". New York Times. September 22, 1911.
  77. ^ Rich Westcott, Winningest Pitchers: Baseball's 300-game Winners (Temple University Press, 2002). p. 56.
  78. ^ "Old Cy Young Whitewashes Buccaneers". Pittsburgh Press. September 23, 1911. p. 8.
  79. ^ a b John Plowright, The Routledge Dictionary of Modern British History (Taylor & Francis, 2006). p. 52-53.
  80. ^ "Moreno Launched For Argentine Navy". New York Times. September 24, 1911.
  81. ^ Edward S. Sears, Running through the Ages (McFarland, 2001). p. 170.
  82. ^ "The Post Office Begins Flying the Mail". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  83. ^ "Charles Battell Loomis Dead— Humorist and Author Dies in Hartford, Conn., Hospital of Cancer of the Stomach". Chicago Sunday Tribune. September 24, 1911. p. 2
  84. ^ "13 Dead, 8 Injured as Train Hits Wagon". New York Times. September 25, 1911.
  85. ^ Luciano Monzali, The Italians of Dalmatia: From Italian Unification to World War I (University of Toronto Press, 2009). p. 280.
  86. ^ "The Liberte Is Blown Up; Over 350 Dead". New York Times. September 26, 1911.
  87. ^ Hank Moore, Houston Legends: History and Heritage of Dynamic Global Capitol (Morgan James Publishing, 2015). p. 97.
  88. ^ "Italy's Ultimatum". New York Times. September 27, 1911.
  89. ^ "Sweden", in The Britannica Year-Book 1913, p. 1143.
  90. ^ "Swedish Cabinet Resigns". New York Times. October 1, 1911.
  91. ^ "Italy to Act at Noon To-Day". New York Times. September 29, 1911.
  92. ^ "ITALY BEGINS WAR ON TURKEY; WINS FIRST NAVAL BATTLE". New York Times. September 30, 1911.
  93. ^ "Tripoli Refuses Surrender". New York Times. September 30, 1911.
  94. ^ "Italy Declares War". New York Times. September 30, 1911.
  95. ^ "Will Not Defend Tripoli- Turkish Government So Decides- Said Pasha Heads New Cabinet". New York Times. September 30, 1911.
  96. ^ John Julius Norwich, The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean (Random House Digital, Inc., 2007).
  97. ^ "Nearly 1,000 Dead in Austin, Pa., Devastated by Flood and Fire". New York Times. October 1, 1911. p. 1.
  98. ^ Ben Gelber, The Pennsylvania Weather Book (Rutgers University Press, 2002). p. 194.
  99. ^ Vincent J. Cirillo, Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish–American War and Military Medicine (Rutgers University Press, 2004). p. 125.