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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely understood, especially in the east and south.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Ukraine is a middle power and the Ukrainian Armed Force is the fifth largest armed force in the world in terms of both active personnel as well as total number of personnel with the eighth largest defence budget in the world. The Ukrainian Armed Forces also operates one of the largest and most diverse drone fleet in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

12 September 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia–NATO relations
Russian President Vladimir Putin forewarns that Ukrainian use of NATO weapons to strike deep into Russia means NATO's formal entry into war against it, due to NATO personnel's programming of such weapons representing a "direct confrontation". (The Independent)
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russian artillery shelling kills three Red Cross workers and wounds two others in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Foreign involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
A spokesperson for the Indian Foreign Ministry say that about 45 Indian nationals have been discharged from the Russian Army, with efforts underway to get a further 50 released. (Reuters)
Southern Ukraine campaign
A Russian missile strikes a Saint Kitts and Nevis-flagged bulk carrier carrying grain to Egypt in the exclusive economic zone of Romania in the Black Sea. No casualties are reported. (Reuters)
12 September 2024 – Brazil–Ukraine relations, China–Ukraine relations
Ukrainian president Volodomyr Zelenskyy strongly denounces a Brazilian-Chinese peace initiative, and states that both nations are effectively taking Russia's side for letting their army take Ukrainian territory as means to "de-escalate" the war instead of assisting Ukraine in resisting the invasion. (Kyiv Independent)
11 September 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion
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A COVID-19 patient in a severe state in Chernivtsi in May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine has resulted in 5,532,777[1] confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 109,920[1] deaths.

The virus was confirmed to have spread to Ukraine when the country's first case was confirmed to be hospitalized in Chernivtsi Oblast on 3 March 2020, a man who had travelled from Italy to Romania by plane and then arrived in Ukraine by car. An emergency was declared on 20 March 2020 in Kyiv Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, and the city of Kyiv. New infections and deaths started to break records by late October 2021. By then, a total of 2.8 million coronavirus cases and 64,936 COVID-19 related deaths had occurred in Ukraine. (Full article...)
List of selected articles

In the news

12 September 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia–NATO relations
Russian President Vladimir Putin forewarns that Ukrainian use of NATO weapons to strike deep into Russia means NATO's formal entry into war against it, due to NATO personnel's programming of such weapons representing a "direct confrontation". (The Independent)
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russian artillery shelling kills three Red Cross workers and wounds two others in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Foreign involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
A spokesperson for the Indian Foreign Ministry say that about 45 Indian nationals have been discharged from the Russian Army, with efforts underway to get a further 50 released. (Reuters)
Southern Ukraine campaign
A Russian missile strikes a Saint Kitts and Nevis-flagged bulk carrier carrying grain to Egypt in the exclusive economic zone of Romania in the Black Sea. No casualties are reported. (Reuters)
12 September 2024 – Brazil–Ukraine relations, China–Ukraine relations
Ukrainian president Volodomyr Zelenskyy strongly denounces a Brazilian-Chinese peace initiative, and states that both nations are effectively taking Russia's side for letting their army take Ukrainian territory as means to "de-escalate" the war instead of assisting Ukraine in resisting the invasion. (Kyiv Independent)
11 September 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion

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  1. ^ a b Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Dattani, Saloni; Roser, Max (2020–2022). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-08-17.