User:Abyssal/Timeline of sauropod research
- Astrodon
- cetiosaurus rugulosus
- hoplosaurus armatus
- Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis
- Cetiosaurus giganteus
- Ultrasaurus
- Bolds
- Mayer
- Dinosauria history
- Taylor history
- Images
- Captions
- Lead
- Dinosauria 259
- Bullets per paper
- QPQ
- Early History
- Maybe Dinosauria 259
- Tracks
stage references = http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/pubs/taylor2010/Taylor2010-sauropod-history.pdf
Prescientific
[edit]- The Comanche people gathered fossils in Comanche County, near Indiahoma, Oklahoma to be used as medicine for sprains and bone fractures. The Comanche ground up the bone into a powder known as tsoapitsitsuhni, which translates to "ghost creature bone", and mixed it with water. This mixture could be made into a sort of plaster cast if the fossils used to make the powder contained sufficient gypsum or calcium sulphate content. The local geology consists largely of Permian-aged red beds.[1] Such Permian remains are viable candidates for the fossils used medicinally by the Comanche, but local Jurassic and Cretaceous dinosaur remains like those of Apatosaurus, Saurophaganax, Sauroposeidon and Tenontosaurus are also candidates.[2]
19th century
[edit]1830s
[edit]1840s
[edit]- Owen described the new genus Cardiodon for a single tooth discovered in the Middle Jurassic Forest Marble Formation of Wiltshire, England. This was the first sauropod taxon to be named.~stage1x361~
- Owen described the new genus Cetiosaurus.[3]
He based the name on vertebrae and limb fragments collected from a variety of fossil sites.~stage1x361-362~ The remains bore traits puzzlingly similar to both reptiles and modern whales and so Owen gave it a name meaning "whale lizard".~stage1x362~ He had difficulty making sense of the animal, but speculated that it was a gigantic carnivorous marine reptile that fed on crocodiles and plesiosaurs.~stage1x362~ Owen did not describe any species to accompany this new genus.~stage1x361~
- Owen described the new species Cetiosaurus brevis, C. longus, and C. medius.[4]
- Owen formally named the Dinosauria, but explicitly excluded Cetiosaurus because he thought it aquatic and explicitly intended to confine the name "dinosaur" to terrestrial animals.~stage1x362~
- Melville described the new species Cetiosaurus conybeari.[5]
1850s
[edit]- Mantell erected the new genus Pelorosaurus for the species "Cetiosaurus" conybeari.[6]
The taxon was known from a humerous exceeding four feet in length collected from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup.~stage1x362-363~ The size of the bone inspired awe at the time but it now regarded as being of only modest size for a sauropod.~stage1x363~ Fortuitously this species is the only sauropod known to have a medullary cavity in its limbs, a trait that allowed Mantell to deduce its terrestrial lifestyle.~stage1x363~
- Gervais described the new genera and species Aepisaurus elephantinus and Oplosaurus armatus.[7] Aepisaurus was the first sauropod dinosaur to be named outside of England.~stage1x363~
- Mantell described the species Pelorosaurus becklesii.[8] He also reported an impression of skin near the animal's elbow. The finding revealed that Pelorosaurus was covered in "polygonal" scales "between one and a few centimeters in diameter".[9] This was the first sauropod skin impression ever discovered and to this day sauropod skin fossils are rare.~stage1x363~
The P. becklesii type specimen is BMNH R1868.~stage1x363~
- Owen criticized Mantell's description of Pelorosaurus, claiming that he had mistaken the rear side of the bone for its forward surface. However, Owen's accusation of error has been subsequently rejected by paleontologists.~stage1x363~
Owen proposed the name Opisthocoelia for the group now known as sauropods.~stage2x366~
Astrodon was the first sauropod named from North America and to be named outside of Europe in general.
~stage1x363~
1860s
[edit]- Leidy named the new species Astrodon johnstoni.[10]
- Falconer reported the first known sauropod fossils from India.[11]
- Seeley described the new species Acanthopholis platypus, Gigantosaurus megalonyx, and Macrurosaurus semnus.[12]
- Matheron described the new species Hypselosaurus priscus.[13]
June 23rd
- Hulke reported the discovery of a large humerus by Geological Society of London fellow J. C. Mansel Pleydell at Kimmeridge Bay to a meeting of the Society. He attributed the bone to a giant terrestrial reptile he called Ischyrosaurus.[14]
1870s
[edit]- Seeley described the new genus and species Ornithopsis hulkei.[15]
The type specimen consisted of two vertebrae collected from different locations. These vertebrae bore hollow air-filled spaces resembling those of flying animals, leading Seeley to conclude that the animal was a gigantic pterosaur. However, both vertebrae are currently recognized as sauropod remains and each bone belonging to a different species at that.~stage1x363~
- Phillips described the new species Cetiosaurus glymptonensis and C. oxoniensis.[16]
C. oxoniensis was based on various Middle Jurassic fossils collected in the Oxford, England area. Phillips believed them all to belong to the same kind of animal but this is no longer taken for granted. Due to the uncertainty about the identity of some members of the type series, a large comparatively well preserved specimen discovered near Kirtlington Station was later designated the lectotype by Upchurch and Martin in 2003.~stage2x363-364~ Nevertheless, Phillips inferred from the anatomy of its limb bones that C. oxoniensis had an upright posture. He recognized that this would allow the animal to walk on land, but still thought it probably preferred marshy environments. Phillips was also the first to suggest that sauropods may have had dinosaurian affinities, although he did not regard it as a true dinosaur in its own right.~stage2x365~ In a 2010 overview of the history of sauropod paleontology, paleontologist Michael P. Taylor praised the anatomical acumen Phillips showed in this publication and regarded it as "a giant leap forward" in the field.~stage2x363-364~ Taylor also stated that the publication contained "the first meaningful window on the morphology and ecology of a saurpod dinosaur."~stage2x365~
- Hulke described the new genus Eucamerotus.[17] It is now regarded as a junior synonym of Ornithopsis.[18]
November 5th
- Hulke read his prepared manuscript for the description of a new species of Cetiosaurus that he named C. humerocristatus to the Geological Society of London.[14]
- Hulke's description of Cetiosaurus humerocristatus was published.[19] This species was later reclassified in the new genus Duriatitan by Barrett, Benson and Upchurch in 2010.[20]
- Sauvage described the new species Morinosaurus typus.[21]
- Seeley published a description of a stegosaur vertebra that he mistook for a sauropod braincase. In this paper he also proposed the name Ceteosauria for the group now known as Sauropoda.~stage2x366~
- Owen described the new genus Bothriospondylus and the new species B. suffossus, B. elongatus, B. magnus, and B. robustus.[22]
In this publication, Owen illustrated the now-missing type specimen of Cardiodon.~stage1x361~
- Owen described the new species Chondrosteosaurus gigas.[23]
- Sauvage described the species Iguanodon praecursor.[24]
- Cope described the new genus and species Dystrophaeus viaemalae.[25]
- Cope described the new genus and species Camarasaurus supremus.[26]
- Cope described the new genus and species Caulodon diverisdens.[27]
- Cope named the new family Camarasauridae.[28] He also described the new genus and species Amphicoelias altus and A. latus.[29]
- Lydekker described the new genus and species Titanosaurus indicus from the Upper Cretaceous Lameta Formation of India.[30] This was the first Indian sauropod discovery to be formally named.[31]
The T. indicus type specimen consisted only of a partial thigh bone and two tail vertebrae. The only distinguishing trait Lydekker noted was that the tail vertebrae centra were concave on the front surface and convex on the rear. However, since many sauropods are now known to bear this trait the genus and species Titanosaurus indicus cannot be distinguished from them and it is now regarded as a taxon of dubious value.~stage2x365~
T. indicus was also the first sauropod to be discovered that once inhabited the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana.~stage2x365~
- Marsh described the new genus and species Titanosaurus montanus.[32]
- Marsh described the new genus and species Apatosaurus ajax, erected the new genus Atlantosaurus for the species "Titanosaurus" montanus, and described the additional Apatosaurus species A. grandis.[33]
Marsh referred Atlantosaurus and Apatosaurus to the new family Atlantosauridae.~stage2x366~
Cope began advising Dr. John Ryder on the creation of a life-size illustration of the skeleton of Camarasaurus.~stage2x366~
December 21st
- Cope exhibited the finished, somewhat inaccurate Camarasaurus reconstruction at a meeting of the American Philosophical Society. Despite its historic significance, this illustration would not be published until 1914.~stage2x366~
c-A
- Cope described the new species Amphicoelias fragillimus.[34]
- Cope, E. D. (1878a). "TBAOn the saurians recently discovered in the Dakota Beds of Colorado". American Naturalist. 12 (2): 71–85. doi:10.1086/272033. S2CID 83715371.
- Cope, E. D. (1878b). "TBAA new species of Amphicoelias". American Naturalist. 12: 563–564.
d-C
- Cope described the new species Caulodon leptoganus.[35]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new genus and species Morosaurus impar and the new species Atlantosaurus immanis.[36]
- Marsh described the "suborder" Sauropoda, the new genus and species Diplodocus longus, and the new species Morosaurus robustus.[37]
Marsh included his family Atlantosauridae in the Sauropoda. The name has since been criticized for ignoring other names for the group with better claims to priority and because sauropods do not have particularly lizard-like feet.~stage2x366~
Cope published a skeletal reconstruction of Camarasaurus, making the taxon "the first sauropod to be adequately figured".~stage2x366~
- Cope described the new species Camarasaurus leptodirus.[35]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the new species Titanosaurus blanfordi.[38]"TBA".
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a-A
- Marsh described the new species Apatosaurus laticollis.[39]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the first known partial sauropod skull, which he referred to Morosaurus.[40]"TBA".
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c-B
- Marsh described the new species Brontosaurus excelsus.[39]"TBA".
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1880s
[edit]- Marsh described the new species Brontosaurus amplus.[39]"TBA".
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- Hulke described the species Ornithopsis eucamerotus.[41]"TBA".
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- Marsh published the first skeletal reconstruction of a sauropod, that of Brontosaurus.[citation needed][40]"TBA".
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Marsh estimated the live weight of Brontosaurus at more than 20 tons.~stage2x368~
Michael P. Taylor has praised both the reconstruction in this paper as significantly more accurate than the original Camarasaurus reconstruction by John Ryder and the mass estimate as "reasonably accurate". Nevertheless, Marsh was already inaccurately using a camarasaur skull as a basis for the skull of Brontosaurus.~stage2x368~
- Marsh named the Diplodocoidea.[42]"TBA".
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- Marsh named the Diplodocidae.[39]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new species Diplodocus lacustris.[39]"TBA".
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- Owen described the new species Dinodocus mackesoni.[41]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the first complete sauropod skull, which belonged to Diplodocus.[40]~stage2x368~"TBA".
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- Moussaye described the new genus Neosodon, although he did not name a type species for it.[41]"TBA".
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- Hulke described the species Ornithopsis leedsi.[41]"TBA".
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- Lydekker named the Cetiosauridae.[42]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new genus and species Pleurcoelus nanus.[35]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new species Pleurocoelus altus.[35]"TBA".
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- Lydekker published the description of the new species Ischyrosaurus manseli, for which he credited Hulke.[41]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new species Morosaurus agilis.[43]"TBA".
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- Ameghino described the new species Clasmodosaurus spatula.[41]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the new species Pleurocoelus valdensis.[41]"TBA".
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1890s
[edit]- Marsh described the new genus and species Barosaurus lentus.[39]"TBA".
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- Lydekker referred a tooth crown to the genus Cardiodon. Because the type specimen of the genus has been lost, Lydekker's tooth is the only known fossil to be classified in it.[44]"TBA".
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the crown was BMNH R1527.~stage1x361~
- Marsh published a revised reconstruction of Brontosaurus. Although it included many corrections to his previous reconstruction, it also introduced new anatomical errors as well. The skull reconstruction in this publication was also based on that of a boxy-skulled non-Brontosaurus sauropod, although a different specimen suspected to belong to the taxon now known as Brachiosaurus.~stage2x368~
- Lydekker described the new genus and species Argyrosaurus superbus.[45]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the new genus Microcoelus.[38]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the species Titanosaurus australis.[38]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the species Titanosaurus nanus.[38]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described the new species Microcoelus patagonicus.[38]"TBA".
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- Lydekker described "a large collection" of Late Cretaceous sauropod remains from Argentina and erected the new family Titanosauridae for them as well as Titanosaurus itself.[31]"TBA".
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Lydekker reported the first known sauropod fossils from South America.~stage2x368~
- Lydekker described the new species Bothriospondylus madagascariensis.[38]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new species Pleurocoelus montanus.[35]"TBA".
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- Deperet described the new species Titanosaurus madagascariensis.[41]"TBA".
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- Deperet claimed to have dicovered an osteoderm belonging to a sauropod. However, his discovery was "ignored" until the 1980 when osteoderms were discovered indisputibly associated with the new genus Saltasaurus.[9]"TBA".
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- The American Museum of Natural History dispatched a paleontological expedition to Como Bluff, where they discovered and excavated a partial Diplodocus skeleton.[31]"TBA".
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- The American Museum of Natural History established the Bone Cabin Quarry, which would soon become one of the most productive sources of sauropod fossils in the history of North American paleontology.[31]"TBA".
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- Osborn ignored MArsh's term Sauropoda in favor of calling the group Cetiosauria.~stage2x366~
- Marsh described the new species Barosaurus affinis.[39]"TBA".
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- Marsh described the new species Morosaurus lentus.[35]"TBA".
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- Osborn described the 1897 Como Bluff Diplodocus.[31]"TBA".
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- The Carnegie Museum of Natural History dispatched its first fossil-hunting expedition to the American West.[31]"TBA".
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Osborn criticized Marsh's reconstructions of the tail of Brontosaurus.~stage2x368~
20th century
[edit]1900s
[edit]- Hatcher described the new species Diplodocus carnegii.[39]
- Riggs reported the discovery of fossils that would later be classified as Brachiosaurus altithorax.[46]
- Peterson and Gilmore described the new genus and species Elosaurus parvus.[39]
- Hatcher published on Apatosaurus.[31]
- Hatcher described the new genus and species Haplocanthus priscus.[35]
- Hatcher described the new species Haplocanthus utterbacki.[35]
- Hatcher renamed Haplocanthus to Haplocanthosaurus.[35]
- Hatcher published three works on Haplocanthosaurus.[31]
- Riggs described the new genus and species Brachiosaurus altithorax.[45]
- Riggs reported the discovery of an Apatosaurus specimen discovered near Grand Junction, Colorado.[31]
- Riggs published a monograph on Apatosaurus that was still widely consulted by researchers as of 2010.~stage2x366~
- Riggs argued that sauropods should be called opisthocoelians because this name was the oldest applied to the group.~stage2x366~
- Hatcher argued that Sauropoda was the appropriate name for sauropods because the cetiosaurs were a subgroup it contained rather than a synonym and Opisthocoelia was too poorly defined and based on mistaken assumptions about the group's evolutionary affinities.~stage2x366-368~
- Bush published on the taxonomy of Cetiosaurus and its connection with Cardiodon.[44]
- Riggs named the Brachiosauridae.[45]
- Broom described the new species Algoasaurus bauri.[38]
- Osborn published the first correct reconstruction of a sauropod forefoot.~stage2x368~
- Woodward described the new species Cetiosaurus leedsi.[29]
- Gilmore suggested that Haplocanthosaurus may be a junior synonym of Morosaurus.[47]
- Fraas described the new species Gigantosaurus africanus.[29]
- Fraas described the new species Gigantosaurus robustus.[48]
...from the Upper Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of German East Africa, in what is now Tanzania.[31]
- Earl Douglass of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History discovered the future site of Dinosaur National Monument. The find has since come to be regarded as the "culminat[ion]" of the institution's efforts and even "the greatest of all sauropod quarries".[31]
1910s
[edit]- Woodward attributed the isolated braincase cataloged as OUMNH J13596 to Cetiosaurus oxoniensis.~stage2x364~
- Janensch described the new genus and Dicraeosaurus hansemanni.[39]
- Janensch described the new species Dicraeosaurus sattleri.[39]
- Janensch described the new species Brachiosaurus brancai.[45]
- Janensch described the new species Brachiosaurus fraasi.[45]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Mook published Cope's original 1877 life-size reconstruction of Camarasaurus.~stage2x366~
- Holland described the new species Apatosaurus louisae.[39]
- Nopcsa described the species Titanosaurus dacus.[50]
- Mook described the new species Apatosaurus minimus.[43]
- Holland described the new genus and species Uintasaurus douglassi.[35]
1920s
[edit]- Osborn and Mook published the first description of a nearly complete sauropod skeleton.[31]
- Janensch referred the species "Gigantosaurus" africanus to the genus Barosaurus.[29]
- Gilmore described the new genus and species Alamosaurus sanjuanensis.[48]
- Huene described the new species Ornithopsis greppini.[41]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- The Carnegie Museum of Natural History ceased excavations at the future site of Dinosaur National Monument.[31]
- Holland described the new species Diplodocus hayi.[39]
- Osborn described the new species Asiatosaurus mongoliensis.[38]
- Gilmore published more on Camarasaurus.[31]
- Longman described the new genus and species Rhoetosaurus browni.[51] It is the only known Middle Jurassic sauropod from Australia.[47]
- Huene followed Woodward's 1910 referral of the isolated braincase OUMNH J13596 to Cetiosaurus oxoniensis.~stage2x364~
- Huene described the new genus Cetiosauriscus.[29]
- Haughton described the new species Gigantosaurus dixeyi.[50]
- Wiman described the new genus and species Helopus zdanskyi.[43]
- Janensch named the Dicraeosauridae.[39]
- Huene described the new genus and species Antarctosaurus wichmannianus.[50]
- Huene described the new genus and species Laplatasaurus araukanicus.[50]
- Huene described the new species Titanosaurus robustus.[38]
- Huene described the new genus and species Loricosaurus scutatus.[38]
- Huene described the new species Campylodon ameghinoi.[38]
- Huene described the new species Titanosaurus lydekkeri.[41]
- Huene described the new spcies Titanosaurus valdensis.[41]
Huene published the first reconstruction of a titanosaur.~stage2x368~
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
1930s
[edit]- Stromer described the new genus and species Aegyptosaurus baharijensis.[45]
- Huene erected the new genus Magyarosaurus for the species "Titanosaurus" dacus.[50]
- Huene described the new species Magyarosaurus transylvanicus.[50]
- Huene described the new species Magyarosaurus hungaricus.[50]
- Longman described the new genus and species Austrosaurus mckillopi.[45]
Longman studied the pneumaticity of sauropod bones.~stage1x363~
- Huene and Matley described the species Antarctosaurus septentrionalis.[50]
- Gilmore described the new species Mongolosaurus haplodon.[41]
- Young published a paper on sauropod fossils from China.[31]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Gilmore published on Apatosaurus.[31]
Gilmore published a monograph on Apatosaurus that is still widely consulted by researchers as of 2010.~stage2x366~
- Young described the new species Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis.
- Roland T. Bird discovered twelve sauropod and four theropod trackways in the Early Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of Texas.[citation needed]
- Young described the new genus and species Omeisaurus junghsiensis.[43]
- Riabinin described the new species Antarctosaurus jaxartensis.[38]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
1940s
[edit]- Roland T. Bird oversaw the excavation of sauropod and theropod tracks from the Paluxy River in Texas. This was the first large-scale dinosaur track excavation in history.[52]
- Hoffet described the new spcies Titanosaurus falloti.[41]
- Young described the new species Sanpasaurus yaoi.[41]
- Swinton described a sauropod pelvis with associated limb bones. These fossils would later be referred to Pelorosaurus.[46]
- Gilmore reported the discovery of a partial Alamosaurus skeleton in the North Horn Formation of Utah.[53]
- Cabrera described the new genus and species Amygdalodon patagonicus.[42]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
Janensch studied the pneumaticity of sauropod bones.~stage1x363~
- Young published a paper on sauropods from China.[31]
1950s
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mamenchisaurus_Species_Scale_Steveoc86.svg/220px-Mamenchisaurus_Species_Scale_Steveoc86.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rebbachisaurus_BW.jpg/220px-Rebbachisaurus_BW.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/EuhelopusDB2.jpg/220px-EuhelopusDB2.jpg)
- Ellinger described the new species Camarasaurus annae.[35]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
- Bohlin described the new species Chiayusaurus lacustris.[41]
- Young described the new genus and species Mamenchisaurus constructus.[43]
- Lavocat described the new genus and species Rebbachisaurus garasbae.[42]
- Lapparent described the new genus and species Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis.[41]
- Lavocat reported the discovery of additional Bothriospondylus madagascariensis remains.[18]
- Lapparent and Zybewski described the new species Brachiosaurus atalaiensis.[45]
- Young described the new species Omeisaurus changshouensis.[41]
1960s
[edit]- Lapparent described the new species Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis.[42]
- Lapparent described the new species Brachiosaurus nougaredi.[45]
- Kuhn erected the new genus Campylodoniscus for the species "Campylodon" ameghinoi.[38]
- Janensch published a study on additonal fossil remains from Tendaguru.[31]
1970s
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vulcanodon.jpg/220px-Vulcanodon.jpg)
- Steel published on the taxonomy of Cetiosaurus and its connection with Cardiodon.[44]
- Nowinsky described the new genus and species Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis.[42]
- Arid and Vizotto described the new species Antarctosaurus brasiliensis.[38]
- Dong described the new species Nemegtosaurus pachi.[41]
- Raath described the new genus and species Vulcanodon karibaensis.[51]
- Young and Chao described the new species Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis.[43] This species had an unusually long neck and was known from the most complete fossil remains of the Chinese sauropods Young had studied.[31]
- Lawson reported the discovery of fragmentary Alamosaurus remains in Texas.[53]
- Corro described the new genus and species Chubutisaurus insignis.[48]
- Kaever and de Lapparent named the new ichnogenus and species Elephanotpides barkhausensis for the poorly preserved tracks of a large quadrupedal dinosaur discovered near Barkhausen, Germany. The trackmaker was probably a sauropod.[54]
- Jain and others described the new genus and species Barapasaurus tagorei.[42]
- Hou, Yeh, and Zhao described the new species Asiatosaurs kwansgshiensis.[38]
- Cruickshank argued that Vulcanodon was a true sauropod and not merely a prosauropod.[44]
- Ogier reported the discovery of additional Bothriospondylus fossils from Madagascar.[18]
- Hou, Chao, and Chu described the new genus and species Zigongosaurus fuxiensis.[43]
- Miguel Antunes published a cursory description of the Late Jurassic sauropod tracks of Cabo Espichel, Portugal.[55]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Patagosaurus_%281%29.jpg/220px-Patagosaurus_%281%29.jpg)
- Wild described the new genus and species Ohmdenosaurus liasicus.[51]
- Bakker observed that sauropods were the dominant herbivorous dinosaurs of the Jurassic period.[56]
- Berman and McIntosh published a revision of the taxonomy of the Late Jurassic sauropods of North America.[56]
They suggested that the genus Atlantosaurus was a synonym of Apatosaurus ajax.~stage2x366~
- Bonaparte described the new genus and species Volkheimeria chubutensis.[43]
- Bonaparte described the new genus and species Patagosaurus fariasi.[42]
- Borsuk-Bialynicka described the new genus and species Opisthocoelocaudia skarzynskii.[38]
1980s
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Saltasaurus_dinosaur.png/220px-Saltasaurus_dinosaur.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shunosaurus.jpg/220px-Shunosaurus.jpg)
- Charig described the species Cetiosauriscus stewarti for the genus Cetiosauriscus.[29]
- Bonaparte and Powell described the new genus and species Saltasaurus loricatus.[38] Embedded in this dinosaur's skin was an armor composed of small lumps of bone slightly more than half a centimeter across and interspersed with larger rounded plates about 10 cm in diameter that bore a keel along their surfaces. This discovery vindicated Deperet's 1896 claim to have discovered a bony plate in the tail of a sauropod from Madagascar.[9]
- Bonaparte and Powell named the Saltasauridae.[38]
- Kues reported the discovery of Alamosaurus teeth in the Kirkland and Fruitland formations of New Mexico.[53]
- Dong, Zhou, and Zhang described the new genus and species Shunosaurus lii.[43]
- Kurzanov and Bannikov described the new genus and species Quaesitosaurus orientalis.[42]
- Dong, Zhou, and Zhang described the new species Omeisaurus fuxiensis.[41]
- Kim described the new species Ultrasaurus tabriensis.[41]
- Dong, Zhou, and Zhong described the new species Zizhongosaurus chuanchengensis.[41]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Longest_dinosaurs1.png/220px-Longest_dinosaurs1.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/James_A._Jensen.jpg/220px-James_A._Jensen.jpg)
- Alfred Hendricks named the ichnospecies Rotundichnus munchehagensis for some "wide-gauge" sauropod tracks preserved in the rocks of the Berriasian-aged Buckeburg Formation. Seven trails were present in all and their arrangement showed evidence for herding behavior among the trackmakers.[57]
- Geology student Jeff Pittman recognized that the "potholes" hindering excavation equipment traffic through a gypsum mine in southeastern Arkansas were actually sauropod dinosaur footprint.[58]
- Dong and Tang described the new genus and species Datousaurus bashanensis.[51]
- He and others described the new species Omeisaurus tianfuensis.[43]
- Cooper referred an isolated shoulder blade to the genus Vulcanodon, although this identification is now doubtful.[44]
- Galton described the new genus and species Blikanasaurus cromptoni.[51]
- Jensen described the new genus and species Supersaurus vivianae.[29]
- Jensen described the new genus and species Dystylosaurus edwini.[45]
- Mateer and McIntosh published a thorough redescription of Euhelopus.[59]
- Bonparte named the Neosauropoda.[42]
- Bonaparte erected the new genus and species Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis.[35] for some juvenile sauropod remains referred to Bothriospondylus by Ogier.[18] He regarded Lapparentosaurus as a very primitive sauropod.[18]
- Bonaparte observed that Patagosaurus was the best understood Middle Jurassic sauropod from Argentina.[31]
- Bonaparte regarded Volkheimeria as a primitive cetiosaurid.[47]
- Bonaparte argued that Bothriospondylus was a nomen dubium.[18]
- Powell suggested that the type species of Laplatasaurus should be reclassified into the genus Titanosaurus.[60]
- Powell suggested that the species Titanosaurus robustus should be reclassified into the genus Neuquensaurus.[61]
- Sanz and other described the new genus and species Aragosaurus ischiaticus.[42]
- Powell described the new genus and species Aeolosaurus rionegrinus.[48]
- Yadagiri and Ayyasumi described the new species Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi.[38]
- Mathur and Srivastava described the new species Titanosaurus rahioliensis.[41]
- Lockley disputed Robert T. Bakker's hypothesis that an Early Cretaceous sauropod trackway from the Davenport Ranch, Texas area preserves evidence that sauropods traveled in herds with the young surrounded by the adults to protect them from predators. Instead, Lockley interpreted this trackway as a herd of sauropods traveling through a narrow area, with the young following the adults.[62]
- Martin published an examination of sauropod neck posture, igniting a controversy regarding the subject.~stage3x368~
- Yadagiri described the new species Kotsaurus yamanpalliensis.[51]
- Jensen described the new genus and species Cathetosaurus lewisi.[35]
- McIntosh and Williams described the new species Haplocanthosaurus delfsi.[35]
- Li described the new genus and species Omeisaurus luoquanensis.[41]
- The first fossils of the sauropod that would one day be named Ampelosaurus were discovered.[53]
- Ouyang described the new genus and species Abrosaurus dongpoi.[29]
- Zhang described the species Protognathosaurus oxyodon.[41]
- Dong and others argued that some fossilized tail clubs from China belong to Omeisaurus and Shunosaurus. The attribution of a club to Omeisaurus has since been refuted.[63]
- Lucas and Hunt published on Alamosaurus remains discovered in Texas.[53]
- Lucas and Hunt argued that Alamosaurus was evidence for faunal exchange between North and South America during the Late Cretaceous.[53]
- Jeff Pittman proved that the sauropod tracks he recognized in an Arkansas gypsum mine were actually at the same level of the geologic column as the Glen Rose Formation sauropod tracks of Texas.[64]
1990s
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Amargasaurus.jpg/220px-Amargasaurus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Diplodocus_scale.png/220px-Diplodocus_scale.png)
- Dong described the new genus and species Bellusaurus sui.[29]
- Powell described the new genus and species Epachthosaurus sciuttoi.[48]
- McIntosh published a revision of the taxonomy of the Late Jurassic sauropods of North America.[56]
- McIntosh published an additional revision of the taxonomy of the Late Jurassic sauropods of North America.[56]
- McIntosh argued that Apatosaurus minimus was not a legitimate member of that genus and that its precise classification within Sauropoda couldn't be determined with confidence.[44]
- McIntosh regarded Dystrophaeus as a diplodicid.[47]
- McIntosh argued that Morosaurus agilis was a sauropod of otherwise uncertain classification.[47]
- McIntosh regarded Volheimeria as a brachiosaurid.[47]
- McIntosh regarded "Apatosaurus" alenquerensis as a species of Camarasaurus.[59]
- McIntosh regarded Mamenchisaurus as a particularly unusual diplodocid.[59]
- McIntosh regarded Aragosaurus as a camarasaurid.[65]
- McIntosh cast doubt on the likelihood that the supposed scapula, coracoid and ulna of Amphicoelias really belonged to it.[65]
- McIntosh argued that Amphicoelias was closeley related to or even synonymous with Diplodocus.[65]
- McIntosh classified Supersaurus in the Diplodocidae.[49]
- McIntosh regarded Haplocanthosaurus as a cetiosaurid.[18]
- McIntosh regarded Lapparentosaurus as a brachiosaurid.[18]
- McIntosh supported the distinction between Pelorosaurus conybeari, which he regarded as a brachiosaurid, and Cetiosaurus.[46]
- McIntosh reclassified "Dinodocus" mackesoni as a species of Pelorosaurus.[46]
- McIntosh referred some sauropod fossils described by Swinton in 1946 to Pelorosaurus.[46]
- McIntosh concluded that "Cetiosaurus" humerocristatus should actually be regarded as a new genus of brachiosaurid.[46]
- McIntosh also included the first attempt to formulate a diagnosis for the genus Laplatasaurus in order to help distinguish it from Saltasaurus.[60]
- McIntosh regarded the genus Neuquensaurus as a junior synonym of Saltasaurus and suggested that the proper of the binomial of the species therefore should be Saltasaurus australis.[66]
- McIntosh also considered "Neuquensaurus" robustus to belong to Saltasaurus.[67]
- Lockley disputed claims that some sauropod tracks were left underwater by swimming trackmakers.[68]
- Salgado and Bonaparte described the new genus and species Amargasaurus cazaui.[39] It was the second known member of the family Dicraeosauridae.[69]
- Gillette described the new genus and species Seismosaurus halli.[29]
- Calvo and Bonaparte described the new genus and species Andesaurus delgadoi.[45]
- Wild erected the genus Janenschia for the species "Gigantosaurus" robustus.[48] He dismissed the genus Tornieria as invalid.[49]
- Czerkas reported the presence of spines made of keratin preserved along the back of a new, but unnamed diplodocid. This same specimen also preserved impressions of the skin that covered areas near the tip of its tail.[9]
- McIntosh, Coombs, and Russell described the new genus and species Dyslocosaurus polyonychius.[29]
- Powell erected the new genus Neuquensaurus for the species "Titanosaurus" australis.[38]
- Dong described the new spcies Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis.[41]
- Dong described the new species Kunmingosaurus wudingensis.[41]
- Powell observed that Saltasaurus was the best understood Late Cretaceous sauropod genus from South America.[31]
- A partial sauropod skeleton was discovered on the Isle of Wight.[46]
- Gayet and others argued that Alamosaurus was evidence for faunal exchange between North and South America during the Late Cretaceous.[53]
- Farlow observed that sauropod trackways could be categorized as either being "narrow-gauge" or "wide-gauge".[70]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Argentinosaurus_skeleton%2C_PLoS_ONE.png/220px-Argentinosaurus_skeleton%2C_PLoS_ONE.png)
- Zhao described the new genus and species Klamelisaurus gobiensis.[51]
- Russell and Zheng described the new species Mamenchisaurus sincanadorum.[43]
- Bonaparte and Coria described the new genus and species Argentinosaurus huinculensis.[45]
- Jacobs and others erected the new genus Malawisaurus for the species "Gigantosaurus" dixeyi.[50] The erection of this genus was accompanied by reports of the discovery of additional fossils of the species. These fossils included the first uncontroversial titanosaur skull to be found associated with its postcranial remains.[66]
- Le Loeuff erected the new genus Iuticosaurus for "Titanosaurus" valdensis.[41]
- Russell and Zheng performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Upchurch dismissed the genus Gigantosaurus as a nomen dubium.[49]
- Jacobs and others regarded Bellusaurus as a very primitive titanosaur.[73]
- Salgado and Coria reported the discovery of more Aeolosaurus fossils. These remains were from the Allen Formation of Rio Negro Province, Argentina.[53]
- Lockley and dos Santos described the Kimmeridgian-aged Avelino quarry tracksite near Lisbon, Portugal, the first scientifically documented sauropod dinosaur tracksite in Europe to contain well-preserved tracks of the animals' front feet. All of the trackmakers seem to have been juveniles.[74]
- Britt published one of the first scientific examinations of sauropod bone pneumaticity in several decades.~stage1x363~
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AmpelosaurusDB.jpg/220px-AmpelosaurusDB.jpg)
- Martin, Buffetaut, and Suteethorn described the new genus and species Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae.[48]
- Hunt and others erected the new genus Jainosaurus for the species "Anatarctosaurus" septentrionalis.[50]
- Czerkas published more information about the keratinous spines of the diplodocid specimen he reported in 1992.[9]
- Upchurch performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Lockley and others argued that Deltapodus was probably not left by a sauropod because the hind prints had only three toes and the tracks themselves were preserved in an environment where sauropod tracks are not generally found.~135~ Instead they concluded it was more likely to be the tracks of a thyreophoran, possibly a stegosaur.[75]
- A cave enthusiast near Fatima, Portugal looked down on a quarry from a high ridge and noticed that its floor was covered in sauropod footprints.[76] The site included the longest known dinosaur trails at the time. The individual tracks are the largest sauropod prints known from the Middle Jurassic and include the largest foreprints of any known sauropod track type.[77]
- Upchurch named the Eusauropoda.[43] He defined the taxon as the descendants of the most recent ancestor shared by Shunosaurus and Saltasaurus.[47]
- Upchurch named the Nemegtosauridae.[42][78] He defined it as the stem-based clade of diplodocoids more closeley related to Nemegtosaurus than to Diplodocus.[78]
- Calvo and Salgado described the new species Rebbachisaurus tessonei.[39]
- Le Loeuff described the new genus and species Ampelosaurus atacis.[48]
- Blows described the new species Eucamerotus foxi.[41]
- McIntosh published a revision of the taxonomy of the Late Jurassic sauropods of North America.[56]
- Madsen and others published a revision of the taxonomy of the Late Jurassic sauropods of North America.[56]
- Upchurch performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Upchurch's analysis uncovered a monophyletic Euhelopododidae.[79]
- Upchurch found Mamenchisaurus to be a euhelopodid.[63]
- Calvo and Salgado performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Upchurch used the name Diplodocoidea for the first time.[65]
- Upchurch found Haplocanthosaurus to be related to Brachiosaurus and Camarasaurus.[18]
- Calvo and Salgado found Haplocanthosaurus to be a primitive diplodocoid.[18]
- Blows re-examined the taxonomy of Early Cretaceous sauropods from Britain. He concluded that both Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus were valid and distinctive names.[18] He regarded Ornithopsis as a brachiosaurid, although subsequent research has not supported this. He also referred the 1992 Isle of Wight sauropod to Eucamerotus.[46]
- Upchurch found "Pelorosaurus" becklesii to actually be a titanosaur and therefore the oldest known European member of that group.[46]
- Upchurch found Argyrosaurus to be a titanosaur.[80]
- He and others described the new species Mamenchisaurus anyuensis.[43]
- Pi, Ouyang, and Ye described the new species Mamenchisaurus youngi.[43]
- Zhang and Chen published the description of the new species Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis, for which they credited Zang and Li.[43] They also cast doubt about whether or not the postcranial remains attributed to Abrosaurus really belonged to that genus.[49] The referred the aforementioned genus to the Camarasauridae, but as of 2004 other paleontologists have not been able to confirm this.[73]
- Bonaparte described the new genus and species Rayososaurus agrioensis.[39]
- Salgado described the new genus and species Pellegrinisaurus powelli.[50]
- Xue, Zhang, and Bi described the new spcies Qinlingosaurus luonanensis.[41]
- Bonaparte published a review of sauropod discoveries in Argentina.[31]
- Wilson and Smith reported he discovery of an additional Amphicoelias skeleton in Montana. They argued against McIntosh's 1990 claim that Amphicoelias was very similar if not synonymous with Diplodocus, instead suggesting that Amphicoelias occupied a more primitive position within the Diplodocoidea than Diplodocus itself does.[65]
- Curtice and others found Ultrasauros to be the same as Supersaurus.[49]
- Curtice and Wilhite followed McIntosh in classifying Supersaurus in the Diplodocidae.[49]
- Jacobs and others reported the discovery of additional Malawisaurus fossils.[60]
- Chatterjee and Rudra reported the discovery of more Titanosaurus fossils in India.[66]
- Bonaparte attempted to ascertain the provenance of the type specimen of Neuquensaurus australis and suggested that the Rio Colorado Formation of Neuquen Province or the Allen Formation of Rio Negro Province as possibilities.[66]
- Dong described the new genus and species Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum.[42]
- Novas published the description of the new genus Limaysaurus, for which he credited Calvo and Salgado.[39] WHAT
- Salgado, Coria, and Calvo named the Camarasauromorpha.[35][73] Although they named the clade, the authors did not give it a formal phylogenetic definition. They did, however, label the node in the paper's cladogram from which Camarasaurus and the Titanosauriformes descend with the name Camarasauromorpha. Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson have since suggested that this may have been the intended definition, although these authors would propose a new definition themselves in 2004.[73]
- Salgado, Coria, and Calvo named the Titanosauriformes.[35]
- Jain and Bandyopadhyay described the new species Titanosaurus colberti.[38]
- Lee, Yang, and Park described the new species Chiayusaurus asianensis.[41]
- Salgado and others performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Li and Cai contended that the genus Mamenchisaurus was being used as a "watebasket taxon" for a variety of unrelated Middle and Late Jurassic Chinese sauropods.[59]
- Salgado and Calvo argued that the skull of Nemegtosaurus got its long, diplodocoid-like shape through the physical distortion of its remains after death and that this feature was not a genuine anatomical trait of the taxon. They argued that many of the supposed distinguishing traits of Quaesitosaurus were also a result of distortion.[78]
- Salgado and others reported the discovery of additional Aeolosaurus fossils. These were from the Los Alamistos Formation of Rio Negro Province, Argentina.[53]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Nigersaurus_model_aus.jpg/220px-Nigersaurus_model_aus.jpg)
- He and others described the new genus and species Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis.[51]
- Dantas and others erected the new genus Lourinhasaurus for "Apatosaurus" alenquerensis.[43]
- Wilson and Sereno named the Macronaria.[29] They defined it as the stem-based clade of neosauropods more closeley related to Saltasaurus than to Diplodocus.[49]
- Bakker described the new genus Eobrontosaurus.[35]
- Dalla Vecchia described the new species Histriasaurus boscarolli.[41]
- Ratkevich described the new species Sonorasaurus thompsoni.[41]
- Upchurch performed a cladistic analysis of sauropods that produced a "well-resolved" evolutionary tree.[56]
- Wilson and Sereno defined Sauropoda of the stem-based clade containing dinosaurs more closely related to Saltasaurus than to Plateosaurus.[81]
- Wilson and Sereno suggested a new stem-based definiteion for Eusauropoda.[47]
- Chiappe and others reported the discovery of the first known sauropod embryo fossils, which were found in South America. The embryos themselves probably belonged to lithostrotian titanosaurs.[82]
- Upchurch performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Upchurch's analysis uncovered a monophyletic Euhelopododidae.[79]
- Wilson and Sereno performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- In this paper they contended that the various cladistic analyses that paleontologists have performed on the sauropods were already "beginning to converge on a consensus of the broad outline" of their phylogeny.[79]
- They found Euhelopus to be related to the Titanosaurs.[79]
- They found Jobaria to be just outside the Macronarians.[79]
- Wilson and Sereno defined the new taxon Somphospondyli as those titanosauriforms more closeley related to Saltasaurus than Brachiosaurus.[59]
- Wilson and Sereno found the Omeisaurus species O. changshouensis, O. fuxiensis, and O. luoquanensis to be nomina dubia.[63]
- Wilson and Sereno argued that despite Dong and others' 1989 attribution of a bony tail club to Omeisaurus and Shunosaurus, only the latter can confidently asserted to have possesed one.[63]
- Wilson and Sereno defined Neosauropoda as the descendant of the most recent ancestor shared by Diplodocus and Saltasaurus.[65]
- Dantas and others reported the disovery of more Lourinhasaurus fossils.yeahit'sthesamepaper[59]
- Upchurch found Mamenchisaurus to be a euhelopodid.[63]
- Wilson and Sereno defined Diplodocoidea as neosauropods more closeley related to Diplodocus than to Saltasaurus.[65]
- Wilson and Sereno argued that the species "Rebbachisaurus" tessonei should be reclassified as Rayososaurus tessonei based on shared features in the shoulder blade. This referral has since been regarded with skepticism.[69]
- Wilson and Sereno also regarded the fossils of the species "Rebbachisaurus" tamesnensis as Rayososaurus remains.[69]
- Upchurch found Haplocanthosaurus to be just outside the Neosauropoda.[18]
- Wilson and Sereno defined the Titanosauriformes as the node-based clade descended from the most recent ancestor shared by Brachiosaurus and Saltasaurus.[18]
- Upchurch found Lapparentosaurus to be a brachiosaurid.[18]
- Wilson and Sereno defined the Brachiosauridae as the stem-based clade of Titanosauriformes more closely related to Brachiosaurus than Saltasaurus.[46]
- Wilson and Sereno defined the Somphospondyli as the stem-based clade of Titanosauriformes more closeley related to Saltasaurus than to Brachiosaurus.[71]
- Wilson and Sereno defined the Titanosauria as the stem-based clade of Titanosauriformes more closeley related to Saltasaurus than to Brachiosaurus or Euhelopus. This definition has since been criticized for using Euhelopus as an anchor taxon, since its evolutionary affinities have been a source of controversy.[71]
- Upchurch suggested that advanced titanosaurs may have migrated into North America from Asia instead of northward from South America.[53]
- Wilson and Sereno suggested that advanced titanosaurs may have migrated into North America from Asia instead of northward from South America.[53]
- Sereno defined the Saltasauridae as the descendants of the most recent ancestor shared by Saltasaurus and Opisthocoelicaudia.[66]
- Lopez-Martinez and others noted the presence of sauropod and ornithopod tracks near the K-T Boundary in the Tremp Formation of northeastern Spain. The presence of tracks so close to the Cretaceous-Tertiary suggests that the dinosaur died out rapidly rather than gradually.[83]
- Carpenter and Tidwell argued that Marsh based the skull of his 1891 Brontosaurus reconstruction on a Brachiosaurus skull.~stage2x368~
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Agustinia_BW.jpg/220px-Agustinia_BW.jpg)
- Rich and others described the new genus and species Tehuelchesaurus.[42]
- Sereno and others named the Rebbachisauridae.[42][78] They defined it as the stem-based clade of diplodocoids more closeley related to Rebbachisaurus than to Diplodocus.[78]
- Sereno and others described the new genus and species Nigersaurus taqueti.[42]
- Bonaparte and Mateus described the new genus and species Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis.[29]
- Monbaron, Russell, and Taquet reclassified the species Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis in the new genus and species Atlasaurus imelakai.[29][73]
- Sereno and others described the new genus and species Jobaria tiguidensis.[29]
- Tidwell, Carpenter and Brooks described the new genus and species Cedarosaurus weiskopfae.[45]
- Bonaparte described the new genus and species Agustinia ligabuei.[45] They argued that this sauropod was so unusual that it deserved its own family, the Agustiniidae.[71]
- Allain and others described the new genus and species Tangvayosaurus hoffeti.[48]
- Kellner and Azevedo described the new genus and species Gondwanatitan faustoi.[50]
- Sanz and others described the new genus and species Lirainosaurus astibiae.[50]
- Martin and others published additional research on Phuwiangosaurus.[31]
- Gomani published additional research on sauropods from Malawi.[82]
- Upchurch performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[72]
- Upchurch found Euhelopus to belong to the monophyletic family Euhelopodidae.[59]
- Upchurch found Mamenchisaurus to be a euhelopodid.[63]
- Sereno and others found Jobaria to not even be a true neosauropod.[79]
- Upchurch argued like Salgado and Calvo that the skull of Nemegtosaurus got its long, diplodocoid-like shape through the physical distortion of its remains after death, but argued that it had other traits showing an evolutionary link to the diplodocoids that were legitimate. He also concurred with the aforementioned authors that many of the allegedly distinguishing traits of Quaesitosaurus were a result of distortion rather than the actual anatomy of the animal.[78]
- Sereno and others referred all of the fossils ascribed to the species Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis to Jobaria.[78]
- Sereno and others regarded Jobaria as more primitive than the Neosauropoda.[73]
- Upchurch found Antarctosaurus to be a diplodocoid.[84]
- Gomani reported the discovery of additional Malawisaurus fossils.[60]
- Gomani and others reported the discovery of additional Malawisaurus fossils.[60]
21st century
[edit]2000s
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Rocasaurus.jpg/220px-Rocasaurus.jpg)
- Wedel, Ciffeli, and Sanders described the new genus and species Sauroposeidon proteles.[85]
- Buffetaut and others described the new genus and species Isanosaurus attavipachi.[86]
- Fang and others described the new genus and species Chuanjiesaurus anaensis.[87]
- Bonaparte, Heinrich, and Wild described the new genus and species Tendaguria tanzaniensis.[88]
- Pang and Cheng described the new genus and species Huabeisaurus alocotus.[89]
- Salgado and Azpilicueta described the new genus and species Rocasaurus muniozi.[90]
- Buffetaut and others found that true sauropods appeared all the way back in the Late Triassic.[56]
- Wilkinson and others performed a cladistic analysis of sauropods that produced a "well-resolved" evolutionary tree.[56]
- Wilkinson and others performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[79]
- Bilbey and others reported the discovery of additional better preserved Haplocanthosaurus remains from Utah.[79][18]
- Isanosaurus was the first sauropod dinosaur to be reported from the Late Triassic.[44]
- Upchurch and Barrett argued that the neck of Shunosaurus was best suited to side-to-side motions rather than vertical ones.[63]
- Wilkinson and others bemoaned the difficulty of determining the position of Haplocanthosaurus in the sauropod family tree due to its scanty remains and strange features.[18]
- Sullivan and Lucas argued that Alamosaurus was evidence for faunal exchange between North and South America during the Late Cretaceous.[53]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sauroposeidon_Scale_Diagram_Steveoc86.svg/220px-Sauroposeidon_Scale_Diagram_Steveoc86.svg.png)
- Casanovas, Santafe, and Sanz described the new genus and species Losillasaurus giganteus.[91]
- Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer described the new genus and species Venenosaurus dicrocei.[92]
- Tang and others described the new genus and species Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis.[93]
- Smith and others described the new genus and species Paralititan stromeri.[94] The discovery of Paralititan provided important insight into the Late Cretaceous titanosaurs of Africa. The depositional context of the specimen also suggests that at least some sauropod taxa preferred habitats resembling modern mangrove swamps.[66]
- Curry Rogers and Forster described the new genus and species Rapetosaurus krausei.[95]
- Dong, Paik, and Kim described the new species Pukyongosaurus millenniumi.[96]
- Chiappe and others published additional research on the South American titanosaur embryos.[82]
- Chiappe and others published additional research on the South American titanosaur embryos.[82]
- Curry Rogers and Forster performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[79]
- Curry Rogers and Forster found Antarctosaurus to be a titanosaur.[84]
- Curry Rogers and Forster argued that Rapetosaurus provided evidence that nemegtosaurids were titanosaurs.[66]
- Upchurch and Martin performed a cladistic analysis of sauropod evolution.[79]
- Upchurch and Martin published a revision of Cetiosaurus taxonomy.[63]
- Lehman and Coulson reported the discovery of additional Alamosaurus fossils.[53]
- Carvalho, Avilla, and Salgado described the new genus and species Amazonsaurus maranhensis.[97]
- Yales and Kitching described the new genus and species Antetonitrus ingenipes.[98]
- Malkani used the informal name "Brohisaurus" for the first time.
- Alifanov and Averianov described the new genus and species Ferganasaurus verzilini.[99]
- You, Tang, and Luo described the new genus and species Gobititan shenzhouensis.[100]
- Wilson and Upchurch erected the new genus Isisaurus for the species "Titanosaurus" colberti originally described by Jain and Bandyopadhyay in 1997.[101]
Wilson and Upchurch also demonstrated that the genus and species Titanosaurus indicus were dubious taxa with no known distinguishing characteristics.~stage2x365~
Wilson and Upchurch found Microcoelus and Titanosaurus nanus to be nomina dubia.~stage2x368~
- Gerhard Maier used the informal names Issasaurus, Ligomasaurus, Mohammadisaurus, Mtapaiasaurus, Mtotosaurus, Nteregosaurus, Nyororosaurus, Salimosaurus, and Selimanosaurus for the first time.
- González Riga described the new genus and species Mendozasaurus neguyelap.[102]
- Calvo and González Riga described the new genus and species Rinconsaurus caudamirus.[103]
- Upchurch and Martin persuasively demonstrated that Cardiodon and Cetiosaurus were distinct genera, despite previously published allegations that they were synonyms.[44]~stage1x361~
- Upchurch and Martin published a revision of Cetiosaurus taxonomy.[63]
- Upchurch and Martin concluded that only the species Cetiosaurus oxoniensis truly belonged to the genus.[46] Like McIntosh in 1990, they regarded Pelorosaurus conybeari as distinct from Cetiosaurus, but they disagreed with his assignment of the species to the Brachiosauridae, instead arguing that it was not possible to reliably classify to a more precisely than to Titanosauriformes.[46]
- Upchurch and Martin concluded that "Cetiosaurus" humerocristatus may represent a distinct brachiosaurid, but opined that the evidence was too tentative to justify erecting a new generic name for it.[104]
They found that Pelorosaurus becklesii was a primitive titanosauriform, possible a brachiosaurid.~stage1x363~
Upchurch and Martin designated the largest member of the Cetiosaurus oxoniensis type series discovered near Kirtlington Station as the lectotype of the species.~stage2x364~
- Wedel published a study on the pneumaticity of sauropod bones.~stage1x363~
- Wedel published an additional study on the pneumaticity of sauropod bones.~stage1x363~
Powell found Microcoelus and Titanosaurus nanus to be nomina dubia.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Brachytrachelopan_BW2.jpg/220px-Brachytrachelopan_BW2.jpg)
- Martinelli and Forasiepi described the new genus and species Bonatitan reigi.[105]
- Apesteguía described the new genus and species Bonitasaura salgadoi.[106]
- You and others described the new genus and species Borealosaurus wimani.[107]
- Salgado and others erected the new genus Limaysaurus for the species "Rebbachisaurus" tessonei originally described by Calvo and Salgado in 1995.[108]
- Harris and Dodson described the genus and species Suuwassea emilieae[109]
- Allain and others described the new genus and species Tazoudasaurus naimi.[110]
- Galton and Upchurch found Blikanasaurus to be the most primitive known sauropod.[111]
- Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson proposed a new definition of the Camarasauromorpha as the descendant of the most recent common ancestor shared by Camarasaurus and Saltasaurus. The new definition was intended to prevent the name from falling into synonymy with Macronaria.[73] They were also critical of Wilson and Sereno's definition of Titanosauria because it redundantly included three taxa and used the genus Euhelopus as an anchor taxon even though it's exact evolutionary affinities were controversial. The authors redefined Titanosauria as the stem-based clade of titanosauriforms more closely related to Saltasaurus than Brachiosaurus, the same definition Wilson and Sereno applied to Somphospondyli.[71] They named the new clade Lithostrotia, which they defined as the descendants of the most recent ancestor shared by Malawisaurus and Saltasaurus.[53]
- Buffetaut described the new genus and species Archaeodontosaurus descouensi.[112]
- Kellner and others described the new genus and species Baurutitan britoi.[113]
- Rauhut and others described the new genus and species Brachytrachelopan mesai.[114]
- Gallina and Apesteguía described the new genus and species Cathartesaura anaerobica.[115]
- Mahammed and others described the new genus and species Chebsaurus algeriensis.[116]
- Ye, Gao, and Jiang described the new genus and species Daanosaurus zhangi.[117]
- Peng and others described the new genus and species Dashanpusaurus dongi.[118]
- described the new genus and species Galvesaurus herreroi.
- described the new genus and species Galveosaurus herreroi.
- Gomani described the new genus and species Karongasaurus gittelmani.[119]
- Novas and others described the new genus and species Puertasaurus reuili.[120]
- Campos and others described the new genus and species Trigonosaurus pricei.[121]
- Wedel published a study on the pneumaticity of saurpod bones.~stage1x363~
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Erketu.jpg/220px-Erketu.jpg)
- Santucci and Bertini described the new genus and species Adamantisaurus mezzalirai.[122]
- Malkani described the new genera and species Balochisaurus malkani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Marisaurus jeffi and Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi.[123]
- Ksepka and Norell described the new genus and species Erketu ellisoni.[124]
- described the new genus and species Europasaurus holgeri. WHAT?'Sander, P. M.; Mateus, O. V.; Laven, T.; Knötschke, N. (2006-06-08). "Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur". Nature. 441 (7094): 739–741. doi:10.1038/nature04633. PMID 16760975. S2CID 4361820.
- Mo and others described the new genus and species Fusuisaurus zhaoi.[125]
- You and others described the new genus and species Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis.[126]
- Wu and others described the new genus and species Jiutaisaurus xidiensis.[127]
- Bonaparte and others described the new genus and species Ligabuesaurus leanzai.[128]
- Kellner and others described the new genus and species Maxakalisaurus topai.[129]
- The informal name "Moabosaurus utahensis" was used for the first time.
- The informal name "Pakisaurus balochistani" was used for the first time.
- Xu and others described the new genus and species Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis.[130]
- Royo-Torres, Cobos, and Alcalá described the new genus and species Turiasaurus riodevensis.[131]
- Lu and others described the new genus and species Yuanmousaurus jingyiensis.[132]
- Salgado, Carvalho and Garrido described the new genus and species Zapalasaurus bonapartei.[133]
Barrett figured the only known remainin Cardiodon fossil, the tooth cataloged as BMNH R1527.~stage1x361~
- Galton and Knoll "tentatively" accepted the respecive 1910 and 1926 referrals by Woodward and Huene of the isolated braincase OUMNH J13596 to Cetiosaurus oxoniensis.~stage2x364~
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Futalognkosaurus_Royal_Ontario_Museum.jpg/220px-Futalognkosaurus_Royal_Ontario_Museum.jpg)
- Calvo and others described the new genus and species Muyelensaurus pecheni.[134]
- Rose described the new genus and species Paluxysaurus jonesi.[135]
- Apesteguía described the new genus and species Amargatitanis macni.[136]
- Remes described the new genus and species Australodocus bohetii.[137]
- Wang and others described the new genus and species Dongbeititan dongi.[138]
- Calvo and others described the new genus and species Futalognkosaurus dukei.[139]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tastavinsaurus_BW.jpg/220px-Tastavinsaurus_BW.jpg)
- You and others described the new genus and species Daxiatitan binglingi.[140]
- Lu and others described the new genus and species Dongyangosaurus sinensis.[141]
- Lu and others described the new genus and species Eomamenchisaurus yuanmouensis.[142]
- Filippi and Garrido described the new genus and species Pitekunsaurus macayai.[143]
- Mo and others described the new genus and species Qingxiusaurus youjiangensis.[144]
- Canudo and others described the new genus and species Tastavinsaurus sanzi.[145]
- Salgado and Carvalho described the new genus and species Uberabatitan ribeiroi.[146]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Spinophorosaurus_NT.jpg/220px-Spinophorosaurus_NT.jpg)
- Zhang and others described the new genus and species Baotianmansaurus henanensis.[147]
- Salgado and Coria described the new genus and species Barrosasaurus casamiquelai.[148]
- Hocknull and others described the new genera and species Diamantinasaurus matildae and Wintonotitan wattsi.[149]
- González Riga and others described the new genus and species Malarguesaurus florenciae.[150]
- You and Li described the new genus and species Qiaowanlong kangxii.[151]
- Lu and others described the new genus and species Ruyangosaurus giganteus.[152]
- Remes and others described the new genus and species Spinophorosaurus nigerensis.[153]
- Lu and others described the new genus and species Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis.[154]
- Upchurch and others petitioned the International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature in an effort to help resolved complex tangled history of Cetiosaurus and Pelorosaurus taxonomy.
~stage1x363~
2010s
[edit]- Chure and others described the new genus and species Abydosaurus mcintoshi.[155]
- Alifanov and Bolotsky described the new genus and species Arkharavia heterocoelica.[156]
- Garcia and others described the new genus and species Atsinganosaurus velauciensis.[157]
- Lü and others described the new genus and species Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis.[158]
- Barrett, Benson and Upchurch erected the new genus Duriatitan for the species "Cetiosaurus" humerocristatus.[159]
- Azuma and Shibata described the new genus and species Fukuititan nipponensis.[160]
- Mo, Xu and Buffetaut described the new genus and species Liubangosaurus hei.[161]
- Csiki and others described the new genus and species Paludititan nalatzensis.[162]
- Calvo and Porfiri described the new genus and species Panamericansaurus schroederi.[163]
- Li and others described the new genus and species Tonganosaurus hei.[164]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Brontomerus_Utahraptor.jpeg/220px-Brontomerus_Utahraptor.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tapuiasaurus.png/220px-Tapuiasaurus.png)
- Mateus and others described the new genus and species Angolatitan adamastor.[165]
- Kellner and others described the new genus and species Atacamatitan chilensis.[166]
- Taylor, Wedel and Cifelli described the new genus and species Brontomerus mcintoshi.[167]
- Fernández-Baldor and others described the new genus and species Demandasaurus darwini.[168]
- Navarrete, Casal and Martínez described the new genus and species Drusilasaura deseadensis.[169]
- Filippi, García and Garrido described the new genus and species Narambuenatitan palomoi.[170]
- Jiang and others described the new genus and species Omeisaurus jiaoi.[171]
- Filippi and others described the new genus and species Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi.[172]
- Zaher and others described the new genus and species Tapuiasaurus macedoi.[173]
- Juárez Valieri and Calvo described the new genus and species Traukutitan eocaudata.[174]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Diplodocus_28-12-2007_15-21-37.jpg/220px-Diplodocus_28-12-2007_15-21-37.jpg)
- José L. Carballido and others described the new genus and species Comahuesaurus windhauseni.[175]
- Mannion and Otero described the new genus and species Elaltitan lilloi.[176]
- Tschopp and Mateus described the new genus and species Kaatedocus siberi.[177]
- Woodruff described the new genus and species Rugocaudia cooneyi.[178]
- D’Emic described the new genus and species Astrophocaudia slaughteri.[179]
- Machado and others described the new genus and species Brasilotitan nemophagus.[180]
- Lü and others described the new genus and species Gannansaurus sinensis.[181]
- Ibiricu and others described the new genus and species Katepensaurus goicoecheai.[182]
- Le Loeuff, Suteethorn and Buffetaut described the new genus and species Normanniasaurus genceyi.[183]
- Coria and others described the new genus and species Overosaurus paradasorum.[184]
- Fanti and others described the new genus and species Tataouinea hannibalis.[185]
- Wu and others described the new genus and species Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis.[186]
- Lü and others described the new genus and species Yunmenglong ruyangensis.[187]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dreadnoughtus_scale.png/220px-Dreadnoughtus_scale.png)
- Lacovara and others described the new genus and species Dreadnoughtus schrani.[188]
- Huang and others described the new genus and species Huangshanlong anhuiensis.[189]
- Gallina and others described the new genus and species Leinkupal laticauda.[190]
- González Riga and Ortiz David described the new genus and species Quetecsaurus rusconii.[191]
- Gorscak and others described the new genus and species Rukwatitan bisepultus.[192]
- Saegusa and Ikeda scribed the new genus and species Tambatitanis amicitiae.[193]
- Curry Rogers and Wilson described the new genus and species Vahiny depereti.[194]
- Li and others described the new genus and species Yongjinglong datangi.[195]
- Mateus, Mannion and Upchurch described the new genus and species Zby atlanticus.[196]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brontosaurus_NT_small.jpg/220px-Brontosaurus_NT_small.jpg)
- Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson described the new genus Galeamopus.[197]
- described the new genus Haestasaurus.[198]
- Xing and others described the new genus and species Nebulasaurus taito.[199]
- Carballido and others described the new genus and species Padillasaurus leivaensis.[200]
- McPhee and others described the new genus and species Pulanesaura eocollum.[201]
- Xing and others described the new genus and species Qijianglong guokr.[202]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Notocolossus.jpg/220px-Notocolossus.jpg)
- Bandeira and others described the new genus and species Austroposeidon magnificus.[203]
- Díez Díaz and others described the new genus and species Lohuecotitan pandafilandi.[204]
- González Riga and others described the new genus and species Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi.[205]
- Martínez and others described the new genus and species Sarmientosaurus musacchioi.[206]
- Poropat and others described the new genus and species Savannasaurus elliottorum.[207]
- Carvalho and others described the new genus and species Triunfosaurus leonardii.[208]
- Britt and others described the new genus and species Moabosaurus utahensis.
- Averianov and Skutschas described the new genus and species Tengrisaurus starkovi.
See also
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Mayor (2005); "Comanche Fossil Medicine in Oklahoma", page 195.
- ^ Mayor (2005); "Comanche Fossil Medicine in Oklahoma", page 196.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 263. For the original publication, see Owen (1841).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", pages 270-271. For the original publication, see Owen (1842).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 308. For the original publication, see Melville (1849).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266 and "Systematics and Evolution", page 308. For the original publication, see Mantell (1850).
- ^ For Aepisaurus elephantinus, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. Note that Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004) use the common but erroneous spelling "Aepysaurus". For Oplosaurus armatus, see ibid., page 261. For the original description of the aforementioned taxa, see Gervais (1852).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Mantell (1852).
- ^ a b c d e Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Integument and Armor", page 295.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. For the original publication, see Leidy (1865).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Historical Review", page 272. For the original publication, see Falconer (1868).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. For the original publication, see Seeley (1869).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Matheron (1869).
- ^ a b Hulke (1874); page 16.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266. For the original publication, see Seeley (1870).
- ^ For Cetiosaurus glymptonensis, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 265. for Ornithopsis oxoniensis, see ibid. page 263. For the original publication, see Phillips (1871).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 307. For the original publication, see Hulke (1872).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 307.
- ^ Wills (2013); "Sauropods", pages 417-418. Note that Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 267 gives an erroneous date of 1873, cf. Wills (2013). For the original publication, see Hulke (1874).
- ^ Barrett, Benson, and Upchurch (2010); in passim.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Sauvage (1874).
- ^ For the genus, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 307. For the species, see ibid.; "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. Note that Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004) used the common but erroneous spelling B. "suffosus", cf. Owen (1875); in passim. For the original publication, see Owen (1875).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Owen (1876).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Sauvage (1876).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261. For the original publication, see Cope (1877a).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266. For the original publication, see Cope (1877b).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266. Note that Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson erroneously attributed C. diversidens to Cope (1877b). The correct citation is Cope (1877c).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266. For the original publication, see Cope (1877d).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 265.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Historical Review", page 272. For the original publication, see Lydekker (1877).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Historical Review", page 272.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. Note that Upchurch, Barrett and Dodson erroneously attribute T. montanus to Marsh (1877a). The correct citation is Marsh (1877b).
- ^ For Apatosaurus ajax, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 264. For Atlantosaurus see ibid., page 271. For Apatosaurus grandis, see ibid., page 266. However, note that Upchurch, Barrett and Dodson erroneously attributed both Atlantosaurus and Apatosaurus grandis to Marsh (1877c); the correct citation for both is Marsh (1877a).
- ^ For Amphicoelias fragillimus, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 265. However, note that Upchurch, Barrett and Dodson erroneously attribute A. fragillimus to Cope (1878a); the correct citation is Cope (1878b).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266.
- ^ For Morosaurus impar, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 266. For Atlantosaurus immanis see ibid., page 264. For the original publication, see Marsh (1878a).
- ^ For Sauropoda, see Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261. For Diplodocus longus see ibid., page 264. For Morosaurus robustus see ibid., page 266. For the original publication, see Marsh (1878b).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 264.
- ^ a b c Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Historical Review", pages 271-272.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 263.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 262.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 298.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 267.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 308.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 299.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 268.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 305.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 269.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "Digging for Dinosaur Tracks", page 199.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 311.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "Sauropods on the Rise: Germany, Iberia, and Switzerland", page 159.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Introduction", page 259.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "Sauropod Tracks", page 209.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "Problematic Potholes", pages 191–192.
- ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 300.
- ^ a b c d e Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 312.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", pages 313-314.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "'Swimming' Brontosaurs and the Dangers of Misinterpretation", page 186.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 301.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "Problematic Potholes", page 192.
- ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 302.
- ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 313.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 314.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "Chapter 5: The Cretaceous", page 319.
- ^ a b c Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 304.
- ^ Lockley and Hunt (1995); "The Sauropod Straddle", page 175.
- ^ a b c d e Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 309.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 295.
- ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 306.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "Baby Brontosaurs", page 162.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "Dinosaurs in the Great Deltas of Yorkshire", pages 135–136.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "The First Iberian Sauropods", page 138.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "The First Iberian Sauropods", page 139.
- ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 303.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 296.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 310.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Definition and Diagnosis", page 259.
- ^ a b c d Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Historical Review", page 273.
- ^ Lockley and Meyer (2000); "The Last European Dinosaurs", page 239.
- ^ a b Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", pages 311-312.
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 267. For the original publication, see Wedel, Ciffeli, and Sanders (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261. For the original publication, see Buffetaut et al. (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261. For the original publication, see Fang et al. (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 261. For the original publication, see Bonaparte, Heinrich, and Wild (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 268. For the original publication, see Pang and Cheng (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. For the original publication, see Salgado and Azpilicueta (2000).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 265. For the original publication, see Casanovas, Santafe, and Sanz (2001).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 268. For the original publication, see Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 269. For the original publication, see Tang et al. (2001).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 269. For the original publication, see Smith et al. (2001).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 270. For the original publication, see Curry Rogers and Forster (2001).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Table 13.1: Sauropoda", page 271. For the original publication, see Dong, Paik, and Kim (2001).
- ^ For the original publication, see Carvalho, Avilla, and Salgado (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see Yales and Kitching (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see Alifanov and Averianov (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see You, Tang, and Luo (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see Wilson and Upchurch (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see González Riga (2003).
- ^ For the original publication, see Calvo and González Riga (2003).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", pages 308-309.
- ^ For the original publication, see Kellner and (2004).
- ^ For the original publication, see Apesteguía (2004).
- ^ For the original publication, see You et al. (2004).
- ^ For the original publication, see Salgado et al. (2004).
- ^ For the original publication, see Harris and Dodson (2004).
- ^ For the original publication, see Allain et al. (2004).
- ^ Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson (2004); "Systematics and Evolution", page 297.
- ^ For the original publication, see Buffetaut (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Kellner et al. (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Rauhut et al. (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Gallina and Apesteguía (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Mahhamad et al. (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Ye et al. (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Peng et al. (2005).
- ^ For the original publication, see Gomani (2005).
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